Burns, Inhalation ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Acid ; adverse effects ; Pulmonary Edema ; chemically induced ; therapy

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is the most common alkylating antineoplastic agent, as well as a strong immunosuppressant that is frequently applied to autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. It is metabolized by cytochrome P450 oxidases (CYPs) to its active metabolite which played a critical role in therapy. CPA has serious and even fatal side effects, and its efficacy and adverse reactions are significantly varied among individuals. In this review, the association of the genetic polymorphisms in the metabolic enzymes and transporters involved in the disposition of CPA with the efficacy and adverse effects of CPA were summarized, thereby providing fundamental reference for further pharmacogenomic study of CPA.
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; pharmacology ; Cyclophosphamide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase ; metabolism ; Pharmacogenetics

Objectives To investigate the recurrence risk factors and the protective factors of aortic dissection (AD) DeBakey type Ⅲ. Methods 43 patients with AD DeBakey type Ⅲ who were in Guangdong General Hospital from May 2014 to September 2014, were enrolled as the case group, while 27 volunteers exclude AD as the control group. Blood chemistries and other information obtained immediately after admissions , χ2 test or T test was used for univariate analysis of independent samples. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen patients with recurrence risk factors or protective factors. Results The prevalence of hypertension (93.02%vs. 18.52%, P = 0.000) and proportion of smokers (34.88% vs. 11.11%, P = 0.027) were significantly higher in case group than control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (OR=5.148, 95%CI= [2.209~13.058], P=0.001) and albumin level (OR=0.709, 95%CI = [0.541~0.929], P=0.013) were significantly associated with recurrence of aortic dissection DeBakey type Ⅲ. Conclusion Hypertension is an independent risk factor for recurrence of aortic dissection DeBakey type Ⅲ, and albumin level is a protective factor.

Objective To explore the age related decline in spine muscle volume and fat content in healthy elderly males . Methods Totally 88 males aged 50-79 years were selected from the patients who underwent quantitative CT (QCT) exam of lum‐bar spine .They were subgrouped by 50- <60 years ,60- <70 years and 70-79 years .The muscle fat area ,skeletal muscular area , muscle fat infiltration (MFI) ,abdominal visceral fat volume and subcutaneous fat volume ,abdominal total fat volume were measured by the QCT software .Statistical analysis was performed using intraclass correlation coefficient ,ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction ,Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis .Results Compared to other two groups ,subjects in 70-79 years subgroup had highest muscle fat area/MFI and least skeletal muscular mass(P<0 .05) .Age‐dependent correlation was found in muscle fat mass(r=0 .381 ,P<0 .05) and MFI(r=0 .358 ,P=0 .001) ,but no obvious correlation was found between age and skeletal muscular mass .Age was the only factor entered into the all three paravertebral muscle composition regression equations , meaning age may had an important influence on paravertebral muscle degeneration .Conclusion Lumbar paravertebral muscle de‐generation in elderly men is correlated with the aging and MFI ,which may play a important role in the normative age‐related decline of skeletal muscle .

Objective To investigate the relationship between cross‐sectional area (CSA) and average CT value of posterior vertebral extensor group and bone mineral density(BMD) in postmenopausal women .Methods Totally 114 postmenopausal women being eligible for inclusion were enrolled .All the subjects ,ages range from 55 to 87 years old ,underwent quantitative computed tomography(QCT) scans from December 2015 to December 2016 in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital .The original image was transmitted to the image postprocessing workstation ,using Mindways QCT Pro software ,vertebral bone mineral density of L2-L4 were meas‐ured .CSA and average CT value of bilateral posterior vertebral muscles were measured by 2 diagnostic physicians in the L4 verte‐bral body horizontal axis CT images ,and analyzed respectively .Results Average CT values of posterior vertebral muscles between the left and the right side had a significant difference (P<0 .01) .The average CT value of bilateral posterior vertebral muscles was positively correlated with lumbar bone mineral density measured by QCT(P<0 .01) .There was no significant correlation between the CSA of posterior vertebral extensor group and BMD .Conclusion The loss of posterior vertebral muscle mass may be an impor‐tant risk factor for osteoporosis .The average CT value of posterior vertebral extensor group is more promising than CSA in the e‐valuation of the degenerative muscles .

Aim To purify L-amino acid oxidase(LAAO) from the venom of Naja atra and study its effect on endothelial cells.Methods The NAV-LAAO was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography.The MTT assay and Western blot were used to detect the viability and apoptosis of HUVEC.The tubule-forming was used to study the angiogenesis of cells.Results The NAV-LAAO was purified successfully from the venom of Naja atra.The molecular weight of NAV-LAAO was determined to be 58 ku by SDS-PAGE.NAV-LAAO effectively inhibited the growth and tubule-forming of HUVEC,and the 50% inhibitory concentration(IC50) was 21.42 mg?L-1.Compared with control,the levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 increased in HUVEC treated with NAV-LAAO.Conclusions The NAV-LAAO is purified successfully from Naja atra venom by ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography.The NAV-LAAO inhibits the growth and tubule-forming capacity of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of non-linear dynamics characteristics of EEG during picture memory masks, and the application of non-linear dynamic analysis for memory research.MethodsEEGs of 30 healthy old volunteers were recorded under the states of opened eyes and picture memory. Correlation dimension (D2) was calculated for all subjects.ResultsD2 increased significantly during memory tasks compared with the rest state with eyes opened (P<0.05). In different memory tasks, the complexity of mental functions and the regions involved in the memory task were different.ConclusionNon-linear analysis is appropriate for the study of functional changes and working mechanism of brain during memory.

Objective To investigate the relationship between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) derived cardiac function index (Tei index) in patients with acute coronary syndrome under different plasma glucose levels and to evaluate the influence of hyperglycemia on the preciseness of cardiac function assessment with NT-proBNP.Methods Consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to the department of cardiology in Guangdong General Hospital were prospectively enrolled.Based on their plasma fasting glucose level,patients were divided into hyperglycemia group (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L) and euglycemia group (fasting plasma glucose ＜ 6.1 mmol/L).All the patients underwent transthoracic echocardiagraphy and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) investigations.Blood samples were obtained within 24 hours of hospitalization for measurment of NT-proBNP level.Relationship between TDI-Tei index and the level of NT-proBNP in the two groups were analyzed respectively.Results The TDI-Tei index,the systolic index and the diastolic index were all significant higher in the hyperglycemia group (n =27) than those in the euglycemia group (n =35)(0.68±0.14) vs.(0.61 ±0.10),P =0.03; (0.29±0.07) vs.(0.26±0.05),P =0.045; (0.38±0.08) vs.(0.35 ±0.050,P =0.03,respectively.In both groups,TDI-Tei and In NT-proBNP showed significant linear regression.In the hyperglycemia group,TDI-Tei =0.175 + 0.068 In NT-proBNP,R2 =0.702,P ＜ 0.01.In the euglycemia group,TDI-Tei =0.185 + 0.060 In NT-proBNP,R2 =0.405,P ＜ 0.01.Conclusions (1) Compared with patients suffering from an acute coronary syndrome with euglycemia,the global cardiac function of patients with hyperglycemia is poorer; (2) NT-proBNP correlates significantly with TDI-Tei in both hyperglycemia and euglycemia patients with acute heart syndrome.It is appropriate to assess global cardiac function with NT-proBNP in patients suffering from ACS complicated with hyperglycemia.

Objective To summarize the experience of adjuvant therapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods 316 cases of operable hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into three groups. Only hepatectomy were performed in group one (21 8cases).Preopemtive adjuvant TACE were done in group two (52 cases). Preoperative adjuvant TACE and postoperative trans-portal vein chemotherapy were done in group three (46 cases), which was named hepatectomy sequencing two vessel therapy. Results 1, 3 and 5 year survival rote were 51.2 %, 30.0 % and 20.5 % respectively in group one, 57.2 %, 43.0 % and 31.5 % in group two, 84.0 %, 62.5 % and 51.0 % in group three. The postoperative disease-free survival rate in group three was significantly higher than that in group one and group two (P ＜0.05). Conclusion Hepatectomy sequencing two vessels therapy in perioperative period might improve the survival rate, which can prevent and delay the incidence of recurrence and may improve the effect of liver resection.

Objective To explore the occurrence site, clinical manifestations, endoscopic and radiographicfeatures, pathologiccharacteristics, diagnosis, treatmentandprognosisof gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN).MethodsFrom January 2000 to June 2010,medical records of 87 GEP-NEN patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were collected. The neuroendocrine properties of the tumors were determined by immunohistochemistry staining of neuroendocrine markers Syn and CgA.Then according to histology and proliferation activity, the GEP-NEN tumors were classified as neuroendocrine tumor (G1 and G2 grade), neuroendocrine carcinoma (G3 grade) and mixed adenoendocrine carcinoma (G3 grade).Results36 cases (41.4％) of GEP-NEN tumors were in pancreas, followed by 18 cases in rectum (20.7％), 9 cases in stomach (10.3％) and 6 cases in duodenum (6.9％).Total 69 of 87 GEP-NEN cases (74.7％) were nonfunctional tumors, a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms or symptoms caused by local tumor compression were the most first symptoms, and no one case presented carcinoid syndrome.The manifestations of endoscopy and radiographic image were tumor occupying lesion.Of 87 GEP-NEN cases, 69 cases were neuroendocrine tumor (79.7％), 13 cases were neuroendocrine carcinoma (14.9％) and 5 cases were mixed adenoendocrine carcinoma (5.4％).The percentage of grade G1, G2 and G3 tumors were 64.9％、 14.9％ and 20.2％ respectively.Muscularis or serosa infiltration were found in 22 GEP-NEN patients (47.8％) at the first visit, lymphatic metastasis was in 18 cases (20.7％) and distant metastasis were in 18 cases (20.7％), mostly migrated to liver.Immunohistochemistry staining positive rates of CgA and Syn were 74.2％ and 88.1％.A total of 79 patients (90.8％) were underwent surgery.The 1-, 3-and 5-year survival rates were 76.9％, 54.2％and 41.7％ during follow-up.ConclusionsGEP-NEN may occur at any part of the digestive system,the clinical manifestations are variable.Endoscopy and radiographic examination play an important role in tumor diagnosis, but final diagnosis is mainly based on pathological detection, and surgery is the main treatment option.The prognosis of the tumor is correlated with the pathological classification,grading and condition of distant metastasis.