After the research of PLA2R1 and its antibodies, Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A and its antibodies to membranous nephropathy (MN) has made a new understanding.Some researches have reported that the antibodies of PLA2R1 and THSD7A were mutually exclusive in MN, because THSD7A was found in PLA2R1-negative MN patients.But the latest researcher showed that these antibodies can be both positive in MN patients.Similar to the function of PLA2R1, THSD7A can assist clinical diagnosis, treatment, and monitor of MN.In contrast to PLA2R1, THSD7A was also highly expressed on both human and murine podocytes.We can use the mice model to study the pathogenesis of THSD7A-associated MN in the future.In this review, we describe the structure and function of Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A and its autoantibodies, highlight its role in MN and suggest possible aspects of its future clinical application.

Objective To study the protective effect of fluvastatin on cardiac remodeling and cardiac function, and to investigate its effect on Von Willebrand factor (VWF). Methods The rat model of cardiac heart failure (CHF) was in-duced by isoproterenol injection (170 mg/kg) via subcutaneous. Eighteen model rats were randomly divided into fluvastatin (20 mg ·kg-1·d-1) group, placebo group and control group. Rats were treated with normal saline in placebo group and control group. After 6-week treatment, the structure and function of hearts were measured by echocardiography in three groups. The ventricular weight index, the serum levels of VWF and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured by ELISA assay. The levels of VWF mRNA in cardiac muscle were measured by RT-PCR. Results Compared with control group, the val-ues of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) were significantly increased in placebo group and fluvastatin group, while values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular ejection fraction shortening (LVFS) were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The values of left ventricular wet weight/body weight (LVRW) and right ventricular wet weight/body weight (RVRW) were increased in placebo group and fluvastatin group. The expression of VWF mRNA in cardiac tissues was enhanced significantly (P＜0.01). Compared with placebo group, the values of LVEDD, LVRW and RVRW were significantly decreased in fluvastatin group. The expression of VWF mRNA in cardiac tissues was significantly decreased (P＜0.01), and the values of LVEF and LVFS were significant increased in fluvas-tatin group (P＜0.05). The level of VWF was positively corrected with BNP(r=0.996). Conclusion Fluvastatin could im-prove the cardiac function and cardiac remodeling, which may be by reducing the level of VWF and improving endothelial function.

Objective To investigate the level and influencing factors of self-efficacy among nurses with needlestick injuries and explore effective strategies to improve self-efficacy.Methods 713 clinical nurses with needlestick injuries had been enrolled by convenience and stratified sampling method to comphte the investigation using the self-designed demographic questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy Scale.Results The average score of the self-efficacy was (2.70 ±0.52) points.69.1％ of the needlestick injury nurses had the sclf-efficacy score at the middle level; only 19.1％ of them had a higher level score on self-efficacy.Gender,title,section,initiative report,work environment,and occupational safety training were identified as the influencing factors of the self-efficiency.Conclusions Even though more than half of the nurses with needlestick injuries had a middle level self-efficacy,they need further improvement.Other influencing factors should be explored in future in order to develop the corresponding management intervention which can strengthen the self-efficacy of nurses with needlestick injuries.

Objective To investigate the influence of the two-dimension computer-aided surgery navigation system to the concordance of lumbar spine pedicle screw fixation on both sides.Methods 1355 patients were undergone lumbar spinal pedicle screw fixation during January 2004 to December 2009.All patients were divided into tow groups:the navigation group (743cases) and the fluoroscopy assistant group (612 cases).All patients got standard A-P and lateral X-ray plate of lumbar spine within seven days after surgery.The X-ray images were analyzed by the software of Image-pro plus 5.0 to evaluate the concordance of lumbar spine pedicle screw fixation on both sides.The angle between axial line of pedicle screw and superior lamina terminals (α angle) and the angle between axial lines of pedicle screw on both sides (γangle) were measured.The position of the pedicle screw was checked weather it was in the lumbar pedicle partially.Results There were no significant differences (P＞0.05) between the α angle on both sides of L1-S5 vertebral body in navigation assistant group (L:3.89°±0.47°,R:3.94°±0.37°).The differences of the α angle on both sides of L2 (L:4.55°±1.27°,R:5.12°±1.87°) and L4 (L:4.22°±1.89°,R:6.62°±1.97°) vertebral body in the fluoroscopy assistant group had statistical significance (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the α angle on both sides of other bodies (L:4.32°±1.47°,R:4.37°±1.59°,P＞0.05).The γangle in navigation assistant group (2.32°± 0.27°) was obviously smaller than fluoroscopy assistant group (3.32°±1.51°),the differences had statistical significance (P＜0.05).Accuracy of pedicle screw in navigation assistant group was 91.5％ (3604/3938).Accuracy of pedicle screw in fluoroscopy assistant group was 87.6％ (2426/2768).The difference in accuracy of pedicle screw in both groups had statistical significance (x2=26.913,P＜0.0001).Conclusion The accuracy of pedicle screw and the concordance of pedicle screw on both sides can be significantly improved using the two-dimension perspective computer-aided surgery navigation system.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing radiosensitivity enhancement by irisquinone (IR) on rabbit xenografted VX2 lung tumor models.Methods Twenty-four tumor-beating rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (8 rabbits/group):group A with radiotherapy alone,group B with combined radiotherapy and IR,and group C without radiotherapy (the control group).18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed before radiotherapy and 24 h and one week after radiotherapy.The tumor SUVmax on delayed imaging was calculated in all rabbits.Two rabbits in each group were sacrificed after PET/CT imaging.HE staining was used to assess the differences in cancer cells among groups.Paired t test,one-way analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to analyze the data using SPSS 13.0.Results Before radiotherapy,the tumor SUVmax of all the 24 rabbits on standard and delayed imaging were 2.200 ± 0.761 and 3.162 ± 0.833 (t =-5.582,P ＜ 0.01).At 24 h post-radiotherapy,the delayed SUVmax of groups A,B and C were 2.614 ± 0.654,2.349 ± 0.869 and 5.663 ± 1.144,respectively.The differences between pre-radiotherapy and 24 h post-radiotherapy were statistically significant in all three groups (t =2.527,3.620,11.011,all P ＜0.05).One week after radiotherapy,the delayed SUVmax of groups A,B and C were 3.625 ± 1.064,3.058 ±0.850 and 7.424 ± 1.751,respectively.The differences among groups A,B and C were statistically significant (tA∶ B =2.652,tA∶C =3.799,tB∶C =4.366,all P ＜0.05).The cancer cells of group B were fewer than those of groups A and C by pathological findings,which was consistent with 18F-FDG PET/CT results.The survival times of groups A,B and C were (62.375 ±4.534),(69.000 ±4.660) and (54.125 ±5.276) d,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed better survival of group B as compared to groups A and C,respectively (Log-rank,x2 =7.355,16.943,both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT is able to evaluate the effect of irisquinone on tumor radiosensitivity enhancement.

Background5-Nitro-2-(3-styrene-acrylic amine) benzoic acid ( NPPB),a chloride channel inhibitor,has a promoting effect on cell apoptosis in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion of domestic rabbit.The CIC chloride channel has been found in the ocular trabecular cells.However,the effect of NPPB on the shape and function of trabecular cells is unclear. Objective This study was performed to investigate the effect of NPPB on the proliferation,cell cycle progression and apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells.MethodsThe immortalized human trabcular cell strain was cultured,and logarithmic-phase cells were incubated in 96-well plates at a density of 1 ×106/ml.Different concentrations of NPPB (10,50,100 μ mol/L) were added to the medium,and the MTT assay was used to assess the growth and proliferation of the cells.Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle.Then,100 mg/L 5-FU or 100 mg/L 5-FU + 100 μmol/L NPPB was used to induce cell apoptosis,which was assessed by Annexin V-PI.The membrane potential of mitochondria was examined using rhodamine 123 (△ψm).Results After 48 hours of treatment with NPPB,the abosorbency (A value) of the cells was gradually lowered with the increasing dose of NPPB,with significant differences among the 4 groups (F =7.230,P =0.006).Compared with the 10 μmol/L NPPB group,the A values were significantly declined in the 50 and 100 μmol/L NPPB groups (t =1.610,P =0.025 ;t =12.270,P =0.001 ).Forty-eight hours after exposure to NPPB,the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was increased and that in the S phase was decreased.The percentages of cells in different phases of cell cycle were significantly different in comparison with their control groups (without NPPB)( P＜0.05 ).Twenty-four and 48 hours after the treatment with 100 mg/L 5-FU,the apoptosis rates of the cells were raised in the 100 mg/L 5-FU group and 100 mg/L 5-FU + 100 μmol/L NPPB group compared to the without NPPB group (t24h =2.130,P =0.023;t48h =4.810,P=0.011 ) ;while that in the 100 mg/L 5-FU+100 μmol/L NPPB group was higher than the 100 mg/L 5-FU group ( t24 h =1.980,P =0.037 ; t48 h =1.290,P =0.028 ),and the mitochondrial membrane potential was lowered ( t24h =1.580,P =0.029 ; F48 h =6.200,P =0.015 ).Conclusions NPPB suppresses the proliferation of human trabecular cells and promotes the cells to enter S phase via the G1/S check point.In addition,ClC might be involved in an anti-apoptosis mechanism through the internal mitochondrial pathway.

Observed index is a very important element in a research design, because it is a specific reflection of the effects of research factors on the research subjects and is indispensable in any research. Generally, there are two types of observed indexes: the indexes that reflect natural attributes, habits or states of the research subjects and the indexes that reflect the effects of different drugs or treatments on research subjects. This article mainly introduces the definition, characteristics, selection and observation of research indexes and the major and minor indexes.

The expression of heat shock proteins(HSPs) can protect against acute lung injury(ALI).However,HSPs are restrained from clinical application due to the toxicity of most of the former inductors.Glutamine,which also has the ability to induce the expression of HSPs,can protect against ALI and sepsis,and may serve as a candidate for clinical application.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain Edema ; prevention & control ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; prevention & control ; Progesterone ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the associated factors and clinical significance of acute renal injures in cerebral stroke.Methods The renal function,BUN,CR,UA patients with acute stroke in 7 days were estimated their neurologic impairment by the scardinanvian stroke scare(SSS) were assessed at the same time,then were compared with control group.Results The incidence of acute renal injure of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) group and cerebral infarction(CI) group were both higher than that of control group(P