Objective To compare the clinical value of three-dimensional dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D DCE MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases in suspected case of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).Methods Radiological findings of 91 suspected BCS cases obtained from 3D DCE MRA and DSA in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.DSA test was considered as golden standard,which assess the capacity of 3D DCE MRA in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases,including sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.Kappa test was utilized to compare the coincidence ratio of 3D DCE MRA and DSA in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases.Results Among 91 suspected BCS cases with 3D DCE MRA,a total of 17 cases without inferior vena cava diseases were misdiagnosed as inferior vena cava stenosis,two patients with inferior vena caval obstruction was misdiagnosed as falsely negative.Seventy-two patients with 3D DCE MRA were confirmed via DSA in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases,sensitivity was up to 97.7％ (58/60),false positivity 54.8％ (17/31),specificity 45.2％ (14/31),respectively.Fair coincidence ratio of 3D DCE MRA and DSA in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases (Kappa =0.474,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There could be clinical value of 3D DCE MRA for its high sensitivity and low specificity in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases,and favorable coincidence ratio was discovered between 3D DCE MRA and DSA.Comprehensive consideration is needed for suspected cases of inferior vena cava stenosis detected by 3D DCE MRA,and further analysis may figure out potential causes of misdiagnosis and decline false positive events.

Flammulin, an anti-tumor protein, was purified from the aqueous extract of basidiomes of Flammulina Velutipes. Purified flammulin emulsified with Freund's adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into New Zealand white rabbits. After several immune enhancements, these animals were bled and sera were separated. Antiserum against flammulin in Western blots were applied to determine if flammulin be present in the liquid state culture or fruiting body. The result showed that anti-flammulin serum could recognize the aqueous extract of fruiting body in SDS-PAGE gels under the reducing conditions, no flammulin was detected in mycelia of Flammulina Velutipes.

The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), was identified in the recent years as a functional membrane receptor different from the classical nuclear estrogen receptors. This receptor is widely expressed in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, heart, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, and the urogenital system. It is responsible for the mediation of nongenomic effects associated with estrogen and its derivatives, participating in the physiological activities of the body. The present study reviews the molecular structure, subcellular localization, signaling pathways, distribution, and function of GPER in the male reproductive system.
Estrogens ; metabolism ; Genitalia, Male ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Organ Specificity ; Receptors, Estrogen ; chemistry ; physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; chemistry ; physiology ; Reproduction ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Objective To investigate the expressions of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinomas and their clinical significance.Methods The expressions of CIP2A and VEGF proteins were tested with immunohistochemistry in 60 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas and adjacent paracancerous tissues.Results The positive rate of CIP2A in hepatocellular carcinomas was significantly higher than adjacent paracancerous tissues (83.3％ vs 9.5％,P ＜ 0.05).Significant differences were also observed in the expression rate of VEGF between the patients with hepatocellular carcinomas and paracancerous tissues (75.0％ vs 14.3％,P ＜0.05).The expression of CIP2A in hepatocellular carcinomas was significantly positively correlated with its pathological grading,differentiation,and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of VEGF in hepatocellular carcinomas was significantly positively correlated with its pathological grading,differentiation,and TNM stage (P ＜ 0.05).Significantly positive correlation was found between expressions of CIP2A and VEGF with Spearman correlation analysis (rs =0.465,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The abnormal expressions of CIP2A and VEGF gene may promote tumor angiogenesis and progression of a hepatocellular carcinoma.The study supports positive regulation between expressions of CIP2A and VEGF in a hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt and E-cadherin and their clinical significance in thyroid papillary carcinomas.Methods Expressions of PI3K, Akt, and E-cadherin were detected in 62 cases of thyroid papillary carcinomas,30 cases of thyroid goiter and 30 cases of normal thyroid by immunohistochemistry (EnVison),and simultaneously compared with age, sex, tumor size, clinical tumor node metastasis( TNM) stages, and lymph node metastasis in thy-roid papillary carcinomas.Results The expression rate of PI3K, Akt, and E-cadherin was 74.2%(46/62), 66.1%(41/62), 16.1%(10/62),respectively.Expressions of three proteins in thyroid papillary carcinomas were significantly different from those in thyroid goiter and normal thyroid tissues ( P <0.05). The lower positive rates of PI3K and Akt proteins were obtained in the group of stageⅠ~Ⅱthan that in the group of stageⅢ~Ⅳ(χ2 =4.976, P =0.026;χ2 =6.233, P =0.013).Higher positive rates of PI3K and Akt proteins were obtained in the group of lymph-node metastasis than that in group of non-lymph-node metastasis (χ2 =6.675, P =0.010;χ2 =7.511, P =0.006).Higher positive rate of E-cadherin protein was obtained in the group of stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ than that in the group of stage Ⅲ ~Ⅳ (χ2 =6.558, P =0.010 ) .Higher positive rate of E-cadherin proteins was obtained in the group of non-lymph-node metastasis than that in the group of lymph node metastasis(χ2 =5.678, P =0.017).There was significant positive correlation between expressions of PI3K and Akt through Spearman correlation analysis ( r =0.423, P <0.05).PI3K was negatively correlated with E-cadherin with Spearman correlation analysis ( r =-0.527, P <0.05).Akt was also negatively correlated with E-cadherin ( r =-0.417, P <0.05).Conclusions PI3K/Akt pathway might regulate thyroid papillary carcinoma cells proliferation, invasion and metastasis.

Objective To study the expression of Survivin and COX-2 in ampullary carcinoma and their clinical significance.MethodsThe expression of Survivin and COX-2 proteins were tested by EnVision immunohistochemistry in 40 cases of ampullary carcinomas,and 8 cases of normal ampulla of vater as the controls.ResultsThe positive rate of Survivin in ampullary carcinonas was significantly higher than that of the controls(82.5％ vs 0,P ＜ 0.01 ). The expression of Survivin in ampullary carcinoma was correlated with duodenal invasion,pancreatic invasion and lymph node metastasis ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Significant difference was also observed in the expression rate of COX-2 between the patients with ampullary carcinoma and the normal controls (67.5％ vs 0,P ＜ 0.01 ).The expression of COX-2 in ampullary carcinoma was correlated with duodenal invasion,pancreatic invasion and lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05). Significantly positive correlation was found between the expression of Survivin and COX-2 by using spearman correlation analysis ( r =0.383,P =0.015).ConclusionThe specific up-regulation of COX-2 gene and Survivin gene may play an important role in the genesis and development of ampullary carcinoma.COX-2 and Survivin may be used as early diagnosis markers and potential therapeutic targets in ampullary carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the efficacy, safety and prevention of complications of haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Haplo-HSCT) in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Methods The clinical data of 8 SAA patients treated with Haplo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed, with male in 5 cases, female in 3 cases, and an average age of 14 years. The donors of hematopoietic stem cells were patient′ s parents. The preparative regimen was cyclophosphamide + fludarabine + anti-human lymphocyte immune globulin, and 2 patients combined with total body irradiation. The recipients received cyclosporine, short- term methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for preventing graft versus host disease (GVHD). The hematopoietic reconstitution, the chimerism rate of donor cells, and the incidence of postoperative complications such as infection, GVHD, liver veno- occlusive disease (VOD), hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were observed. Results Hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved in all the 8 patients, the neutrophil engraftment time was (14.80 ± 3.24) d, and the platelet engraftment time was (15.00 ± 3.42) d. One month after transplantation, all the patients had complete DNA chimerism. Seven patients occurred acute GVHD, includingⅠ-Ⅱgrade in 5 cases, Ⅲgrade in 1 case, andⅣgrade in 1 case. Two patients occurred chronic GVHD, including 1 case with localized GVHD in the oral cavity and 1 case with extensive type chronic GVHD in the whole body skin. No liver VOD or HC occurred. No transplantation-related death occurred at average follow-up time of 8.5 (2 - 18) months. Conclusions Haplo-HSCT is safe and effective in patients with SAA.

Objective To observe adhesion and growth of Sehwann cells(SCs) on small intestinal submueosa(SIS) and study the bioeompatibility of SIS with SCs.Methods The SCs of SD neonate rat were isolated and cultured in vitro,then were seeded on prepared SIS.At different times,the adhesion,growth and proliferation of SCs on SIS were observed by phase contrast microscope,histological examination,scanning e- lectron microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results By phase contrast microscope,SCs grew well on the edge of SIS after 3 and 5 days.SCs adhered tightly on the surface of SIS after 5 days through histo- logical examination.By scanning electron microscope,on the surface of SIS,SCs grew and adhered actively, prominence of cells body were obvious.They connected end-to-end with each other or arranged in clusters. Protein granules were secreted on cells surface.By transmission electron microscope,SCs grew in good condi- tion and adhered tightly on the surface of SIS.At the interface of SCs and SIS,prominence was seen to contact with SIS in the bottom of cell body.Conclusion SCs are able to adhere and grow well on the surface of SIS.As a scaffold,SIS has good biocompatibility with SCs.

Objective To compare the thin-section CT findings of pulmonary candidiasis,aspergillosis and eryptococcosis wim histopathology in immunoeomprimised rabbits and impmve the diagnostic accuracy of fungus infection. Methods Heathy New Zealand white rabbits were used for immunoeompromised animal models.Thin-section CT scan was performed before and 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 d after inoculation.The pattern and distribution of the pulmonary abnormalities were retrospectively assessed by two thomeic radiologists and compared with histopathology.The granulocyte count was compared before and after administration of immunosuppressive agents.The pmred t test,chi square test and the Fisher's exact test were used for the statistics.Results Fourteen rabbits had candidiasis.16 rabbits had cryptocoecosis,15 rabbits had aspergillosis.The granulocyte counts before and after administration of immunosuppressive agents were(2.91±0.92)and(0.35±0.19)×109/L respectively in eandidiasis group,there was a significant difference(t=12.484,P＜0.05);(2.51±0.82)and(0.76±0.71)×109/L in aspergillosis group,there was a significant difference(t=5.792,P＜0.05);(2.10±0.65)and (0.48±0.22)×109/L in cryptococcosis group,there was a significant difference(t=8.199,P＜0.05).The onaet time of infections on CT were not significantly different in three groups (P＞0.05).Ground glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation were the two most colnlnon findings in immunocompromised rabbits with three fungus infections,areas of GGO was correlated with the congestion,hemorrhage,inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial hyperplasia in pathology. Consolidation was correlated with the severe congestion,hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial hyperplasia, necrosis and vascular embolism in pathology. Conclusion GGO and consolidation are the two most common findings of fungus infections in immunocompromised animal models and thin-section CT findings can reflect the pathological changes.

Objective To explore the impact and protective mechanisms of head cooling on neural activity during passive hyperthermia.Methods Sixteen subjects were randomly exposed for 1 h to three different conditions: normal (25℃), hot (50℃) and head cooling (chamber:50℃,cold packs:5℃),after environment exposure, rs-fMRI were performed.Regional homogeneity(ReHo) datum at three different conditions were analyzed by REST2.0 to obtain brain areas with statistical difference.Brain voxel with statistical difference were selected as ROIs to ReHo values and were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA with SPSS18.0.Neural activity of brain areas with statistical difference were compared in any two groups by Post hoc.Results The brain regions showing differences among three groups included right orbital frontal cortex,left middle frontal gyrus,bilateral amygdala,left middle temporal gyrus,left hippocampus,bilateral parietal inferior, left precentral gyrus.Compared with normal group, ReHo increased in right orbital frontal cortex, and decreased in left precentral gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,left parietal inferior,but no changed in bilateral amygdala,left middle temporal gyrus,left hippocampus,right parietal inferior in head cooling group.Compared with hot group,head cooling group showed increased ReHo in left middle temporal gyrus,left hippocampus,right parietal inferior,and decreased ReHo in bilateral amygdala,left parietal inferior,unchanged ReHo in right orbital frontal cortex, left precentral gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus.Conclusion The specified alterations of ReHo may reflect that the head cooling could partially eliminate the impact of passive hyperthermia, and is closely linked with emotional function.