Alkaloids ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Harringtonines

Objective To explore the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-1(MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in sternomastoid muscle and explore the pathogenesis of sternomastoid muscle fibrosis in congenital fibra muscular torticollis in children.Methods The hyperplastic state of collagen fiber were determine by Masson collagen stainning method and muscular torticollis and fibra torticollis was differed,obtained 22 cases of the fibra torticollis group.Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in sternomastoid muscle of fibra torticollis and compared them with 6 cases of control group.Results By the immunohistochemical method,the expression of MMP-1 in the experiment group significantly decreased than that in control group(P0.05).Conclusion In congenital fibra torticollis,the sternomastoid muscle fibrosis is related to the decrease of MMP-1.

Objective To summarize the incidence and treatment experience of the effectiveness and adverse reactions of the different immunosuppressive protocols and to increase the long-term survival rate in kidney recipients. Methods Single-center retrospective analysis was performed on 3102 cases of kidney transplant recipients in effectiveness and adverse reactions of different immunosuppressive protocols. The immunosuppressive protocols were as follows: CsA + Aza + Pred,low dose CsA + MMF + Pred, low dose Tac + MMF + Pred, low dose CsA + SRL + Pred, and low dose Tac+ SRL+ Pred. Results The 1-, 5-, 10-year survival rate of patients/kidney in low dose CsA + MMF + Pred protocol was higher than that in CsA + Aza + Pred protocol. The incidence of adverse reactions, such as hypertension, hyperuricemia, kidney and liver toxicity, and leukopenia was significantly lower, but the incidence of diarrhea was significantly higher in CsA + MMF + Pred protocol than in CsA + Aza + Pred protocol (all P＜0. 01). The incidence of hyperglycemia was significantly higher (P＜0. 05), and that of hairy and gingival hyperplsia was significantly lower (P＜0. 05) in low dose Tac+ MMF+ Pred than in low dose CsA+ MMF+ Pred protocol. The incidence of hyperlipidemia in low dose CsA (or Tac)+ SRL + Pred was significantly higher than in CsA (or Tac)+ MMF+ Pred protocol (P＜0. 05). The incidence of hirsutism in low dose Tac + SRL + Pred was significantly lower than that in CsA + SRL + Pred protocol (P ＜ 0. 05). The incidence of hyperglycemia in low dose Tac + SRL + Pred was significantly higher than that in low dose CsA + SRL + Pred protocol. Conclusion The triple drug protocol with a low dose of CsA (or Tac)+ MMF+ Pred significantly improved the survival of renal transplant recipients and graft, and reduced the incidence of adverse reactions, especially Tae + MMF + Pred protocol. Adjustment of the immunosuppressant dosage and protocol, improvement of eating habits, exercise, reduction of blood pressure, reduction of blood lipid, and control of blood glucose were particularly important in preventing and controlling adverse reactions during kidney transplantation.

Objective To assess the influences of low-protein diet on the renal function and nutritional status in patients with stage 3/4 chronic kidney diseases (CKD).Methods Totally 34 patients with stage 3/4 CKD were randomly divided into group A (protein intake:0.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);n=14) and B (protein intake:0.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);n=20).Anthropometric measurement and blood biochemical tests were performed,nutri-tional status was assessed,and 24-hour dietary recall survey was conducted before and after the treatment.Patients were followed up for 6 months.Results In group A,the creatinine level significantly decreased (P=0.010),while albumin level (P=0.042) and the intake of energy (P=0.018) and carbohydrate (P<0.001) signifi-cantly increased after the treatment In all the 34 patients,in group A and group B,the malnutrition rates were de-creased by 14.7%,7.2%,and 21.1% after nutritional intervention.Conclusion The low-protein diet (protein intake 0.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),in which part of the staple food was replaced by wheat starch,can increase the in-takes of carbohydrate and energy and improve renal function and nutritional status in patients with stage 3/4 CKD.

Objective To assess the risk factors of postphlebitic syndrome(PS)after deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. Method In this study,102 DVT patients managed by conservative therapy were recruited.Data including age,sex,etiopathogenesis,anticoagulation,pathogenesis, elasticstocking therapy,degree of lower extremity exercise,INR,WBC,PT%and FIB were analyzed by single factor analysis and COX analysis. Result PS developed in 67.60%cases,single factor analysis shows:sex(P=0.025),anticoagulation(P=0.000),elastic-stocking therapy(P=0.000),degree of lower extremity exercises(P=0.000),INR(P=0.033),WBC(P=0.012),PT%(P=0.000),FIB(P=0.002)are related to the occurrence of PS.COX regression shows that anticoagulation(P=0.011),the degree of lower extremity exercise(P=0.019),elastic-stocking therapy(P=0.000)are related to PS.Age (P=0.299),etiopathogenisis(P=0.838)and pathogenesis(P=0.2 17)are not statistically PS related.Conclusion DVT is a multi-factors related disease.Multivariant analysis revealed that elastic-stocking (P=0.000),anticoagulation(P=0.011)and the degree of lower extremity exercises(P=0.019)are related to the development of PS.

4-Hydroxybenzoate (4HBA) is an important chemical compound used for synthesis of liquid crystal. Production of 4HBA from renewable resources is an effective mean to solve problems such as environmental pollution and petroleum shortage. This review briefly introduces the chemical synthesis of 4HBA from oil compounds, and mainly describes the progress in 4HBA biosynthesis from renewable resources by plants and microorganisms. In most intriguing aspect of plant-based synthesis of 4HBA is the appeal of directly synthesizing a chemical from CO2. However, the glucosylation system in plant cells converting 4HBA to glucose conjugates, causing the post treatment a problem. The recombinant microorganisms produce pure 4HBA, but less efficient. A new strain of Microbulbifer has ability to naturally accumulate 4HBA from glucose. Elucidation of the metabolic pathways and regulation systems would improve 4HBA synthesis efficiency.
Alteromonadaceae ; metabolism ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Parabens ; metabolism ; Plants ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the action targets of ginseng (GS) and Panax notoginseng (PN), Chinese herbs for benefiting qi and activating blood circulation, on angiogenesis signaling pathway (VEGFR-2-Ras-MAPK) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

METHODSTo block the signal pathway by turns, at the first, added the IC50 of VEGFR-2 inhibitor, SU5416, and detected its downstream signaling protein Ras, MAPK expression using Western Blot. Secondly, added the IC50 of the Ras inhibitor, FPP, and detected its downstream signaling protein MAPK expression.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, adding SU5416 made the Ras, MAPK expression significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); and adding FPP made the expression of MAPK significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the group treated by SU5416 alone, the expression of downstream signaling protein Ras, MAPK were significantly higher in the group treated by SU5416 plus GS and PN (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); same state also found in comparison MAPK expression between groups treated with FPP alone and FPP plus GS and PN (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe angiogenesis mechanism of GS and PN on HUVEC may be realized by increasing the protein expression of three key signals, VEGFR-2, Ras and MAPK, respectively.

Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; metabolism ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Panax ; chemistry ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; metabolism ; ras Proteins ; metabolism

Though parched Chinese herbal medicines contain less effective or index components, their pharmacological actions do not reduce or even become improved to some extent. However, the current studies related to material basis could not explain the changes in property, flavour and efficacy of parched Chinese herbal medicines. Meanwhile, due to the lack of objective and specific evaluation indexes, the quality evaluation could not reflect features of parched Chinese herbal pieces. Therefore, how to break the bottleneck for the studies on parched Chinese herbal pieces, make further innovation and conduct in-depth studies on the material basis of parched Chinese herbal medicines are common problems that medical scholars are facing. According to the findings in the previous studies, the author proposed to explain the material basis of parched Chinese herbal medicines by studying Maillard reaction and establish specific quality evaluation indexes according to the features of parched Chinese herbal pieces, and conducted relevant studies.
Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Maillard Reaction ; Quality Control

The present study aims to predict the action targets of antidepressant active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan to understand the "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" mechanism. Using network pharmacology, the reported antidepressant active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan (saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and pachymic acid), were used to predict the targets of main active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan according to reversed pharmacophore matching method. The prediction was made via screening of the antidepressive drug targets approved by FDA in the DrugBank database and annotating the information of targets with the aid of MAS 3.0 biological molecular function software. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the Xiaoyaosan ingredients-targets-pathways network. The network analysis indicates that the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan involve 25 targets in the energy metabolism-immune-signal transmutation relevant biological processes. The antidepressant effect of Xiaoyaosan reflects the features of traditional Chinese medicine in multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. This research provides a scientific basis for elucidation of the antidepressant pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan.
Antidepressive Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzoates ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; Coumaric Acids ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavanones ; Glucosides ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; Lactones ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Monoterpenes ; Sesquiterpenes ; Software

The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was conducted to establish the depressive rat model. At the beginning of the third week, genipin low dose (25 mg x kg(-1)), middle dose (50 mg x kg(-1)), high dose (100 mg x kg(-1)), and venlafaxine (50 mg x kg(-1)) were given to the CUMS rats separately once daily for two weeks except control and model groups. Rat hippocampus was analyzed by 1H NMR based metabonomics after drug administration for 2 weeks. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of rat hippocampus of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed with metabolic effects of CUMS including decreasing in glycine and N-acetylaspartate, increasing in inositol, glutamate, lactate, glutamine, taurine and alanine. Genipin showed ideal antidepressive effects at a dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) in rats, decrease of inositol, glutamate, lactate, alanine were observed, while glycine and N-acetylaspartate were increased. Important influence has been found on normal nervous system function of these significant changed metabolites, which suggests that the antidepressant effect of genipin may be played by enhancing the activity of neurons in hippocampus, repairing and improving the function of the neuron. The metabonomics approach is an effective tool for the investigation of the anti-depressant effect and pharmacologic mechanisms of genipin.
Alanine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Glycine ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Inositol ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley