Objective To learn about electrolytes imbalance and water intoxication in children treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide(HD-CTX)as well as the renal function and the relative clinical symptoms,and study the mechanisms of hyponatremia.Methods Patients' clinical manifestations during and after HD-CTX therapy were summarized.Serum electrolytes and creatinine(Cr)were detected before and 6 or 8 hours after therapy with HD-CTX,antidiuretic hormone(ADH) in some patients were measured.Results Of 108 therapeutic cases 24 accompanied with vomits and 22 with a decreased urine output,in which 4 developed eyelid or ankle edema.Seven cases had neural-sarcous symptoms and 5 cases had abdominal pain or diarrhea.Serum sodium decreased significantly after HD-CTX[(139.12?3.30) mmol/L vs(134.06?8.23) mmol/L] in whom rechecked after 6 h,(141.77?3.59) mmol/L vs(133.26?6.41) mmol/L in those rechecked after 8 h(Pa0.05].Serum Cr increased 8 h after therapy[(29.95?13.61) ?mol/L vs(43.33 ? 17.25) ?mol/L P

Child, Preschool ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Cyclosporine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mycophenolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the acceptability of self-management project for patients with hypertension and the short term result, and provide the evidence of preventing and controlling hypertension using chronic disease self-management.

METHODSVoluntary patients with hypertension were grouped into the control and experimental groups after matching age, sex, education levels and the number of chronic diseases between the two groups. Data collected through questionnaire after intervention were compared with the baseline data through analysis of covariance and chi(2) test.

RESULTSRate of awareness for the diagnostic criteria of hypertension, risk factors and associated diseases increased by 56.4%, 50.4% and 37.6% respectively, and the rate of high salt diet intake, body mass index and the times of visiting doctors decreased by 27.1%, 0.8 kg/m(2) and 2.7 times on average in experimental group, as compared with control group. The health status (energy, fatigue, shortness of breathe, pain) improved (P < 0.05). In the similar comparison, the rate in which the hypertensive patients took antihypertensive medicine increased by 20%, and the scores of cognitive symptoms management and of patient communication with physician increased by 3.9 and 1.1 points respectively. The rate of compliance to medication increased by 21.5% compared with themselves.

CONCLUSIONThe awareness rate of hypertensive patients on knowledge and on unhealthy life style improved after implementing the self-management program. Their emotion, healthy behavior, health status and symptoms related to hypertension improved. Data showed that it was effective for hypertensive patients to use chronic diseases self-management.

Aged ; Awareness ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; therapy ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Jingjielianqiao Decoction in promoting leg ulcer in rabbits.

METHODSNine adult male New Zealand albino rabbits with chronic leg ulcers were randomized into 3 groups, namely group A treated with Jingjielianqiao Decoction, group B with Shengjiyuhong Decoction, and group C with normal saline. Gross observation of the wounds was carried out regularly for evaluating the changes in the ulcerous area, depth and wound surface excretion. After 3 weeks of treatment, the tissues on the edge of the ulcer were sampled and prepared for routine pathological examination, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34. The number of blood vessels and their areas were also recorded.

RESULTSThe wounds showed no significant differences between the 3 groups by gross observation during the treatment, but after completion of the 3-week treatment, routine pathological examination and electron microscopy revealed significant differences between the groups. Immunohistochemistry for VEGF and CD34 yielded comparable results between groups A and B (positive control), but showed significant differences between group C and the other two groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONJingjielianqiao Decoction and Shengjiyuhong Decoction can obviously promote the healing of leg ulcer in rabbits.

Animals ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leg Ulcer ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Phytotherapy ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Skin ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

Objective To understand the prevalence of urinary incontinence(UI) and its related factors so as to develop a three-tier program for prevention of the disease.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in two townships of Jixian county,Tianjin,during July to November 2007.A total of 743 people aged 60 years and over were selected under cluster sampling,and all information were collected with a standardized structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview.All the data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression method to explore the related factors for UI in the elderly.Results The overall prevalence of UI was 33.38 percent among people aged 60 years and over in two townships.Risk factors flor UI in men would include older age (OR=1.39).occupation(OR=5.00),awareness of UI(OR=1.91),having in chronic respiratory diseases(OR=2.23),prostate(OR=11.47),neurological(OR=11.76),or motor systems (OR=2.48).while protective factors would include high educational level(taking primary school or below as control group),OR for the junior middle school group appeared to be 0.35,for senior middle school group it was 0.77.and ofundergraduate group it was 0.53.Risk factors for UI in women would include older age(OR=1.31),constipation(OR=1.46),awareness of UI(OR=1.94),increased bodv nlass index(when normal weight group served as control group,OR in the overweight group was 1.03 and in the obesity group OR was 1.54),suffering from chronic respiratory diseases(OR=4.84).diabetes mellitus(OR=2.36),or motor system diseases(OR=1.37),more gravidity(OR=1.03),more parity(OR=1.02),suffering from perinea laceration(OR=1.72) and wound infection during delivery(OR=1.65),while protective factors would include physical exercises(OR=0.64).Conclusion Prevalence of UI was higher among the elderly people in rural areas of Jixian county,Tianjin.UI in the elderly might have been influenced by various factors which suggesting the intervention strategy should be targeted at those related factors as well as focusing on primary prevention.

Objective To understand the prevalence of urinary incontinence(UI)and its severity in rural elderly people,as well as to investigate the awareness on UI in the elderly and health-care service seeking behavior.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in two townships of Jixian county,Tianjin.A total of 743 people aged 60 years and over were selected under cluster sampling method.All the information was collected with a standardized structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview.Prevalence,severity,the awareness on UI in the elderly and their utilization of health-care service for its diagnosis and treatment were analyzed.Results Prevalence of UI was 33.38% among people aged 60 years and over in two townships of Jixian,higher in females than in males(43.15% vs.22.75%,χ~2=34.70,P＜0.0001).The prevalence rates of UI in 60-age group,65-age group,70-age group,75-age group,80-age group,85-95 age group were 28.64%,32.12%,34.08%,35.45%,47.76%,30.00%,respectively,and increased with age (for trend χ~2=219,P=0.029).Stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and urge urinary incontinence(UUI)were mild,while mixed urinary incontinence(MUI)were mainly moderate.The differences of severity of SUI,UUI,MUI between men and women did not show statistical significance(all P＞0.05).In 743 elderly people,more than half of the respondents had never heard of UI(50.20%,373/743)and only 170(22.88%)elderly people considered UI as a disease.630(84.79%)and 665(89.50%)elderly people in our research group did not know that such condition was curable and preventable.In 248 elderly people with UI,only 12(4.84%)of them ever seeking community health-care services in the health-care centers or hospitals.For the ones who did visit the centers,the purpose was only to seek for drug treatment.Conclusion Prevalence of UI appeared to be high among the elderly people in rural areas of Jixian county.Most of the elderly people were lack of knowledge about UI that hindered them from seeking for diagnosis and treatment in the clinics,plus the treatment program for UI was not standardized.Knowledge on UI and health care seeking behavior should be popularized and strengthened among elderly people living in the rural areas.

AIM:To investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs)-inflammation signaling pathways in diabetic hepatopathy.METHODS:Diabetic mouse model was established by feeding the mice with a high-energy diet for 4 weeks combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ;40 mg· kg-1· d-1for 5 d). The hepatopathy model was confirmed by histopathological observation and the indexes of liver function, such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP),after another 4 weeks.Mo-reover,fasting blood glucose(FBG), and serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG)and insulin were measured,and the HOMA insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)was calculated.The mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARs and inflammation-related factors were measured by qPCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS: After treatment with STZ for 7 d,the FBG of mice exceeded 11.1 mmol/L,suggesting that the diabetic model was established. After 4 weeks,the structural deformation of the hepatocytes(including hepatocytes containing abundant fat vacuoles, and inflammatory cell infiltration),and the increases in the serum levels of insulin,HOMA-IR,TC,TG,ALT,AST and ALP were observed(P<0.01), indicating the occurrence and progression of hepatopathy in diabetic mice.Meanwhile, com-pared with the control group,the mRNA and protein expression of PPARα,PPARβand PPARγdecreased,but the expres-sion of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)significantly increased in the diabetic hepatopathy mice(P <0.01).CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of PPARα, PPARβand PPARγand activation of NF-κB-COX-2/iNOS signaling pathways may be involved in the diabetic hepatopathy in mice in-duced by long-term high-energy diet feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of STZ.

Objective To investigate the relationship and clinical significances of HBeAg status with serum HBV DNA loads,model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores in patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure during terminal phase.Methods 120 fatal patients were enrolled.At three phases of 0 -14 d,15 -28 d and 29 -90 d before death,they were detected serum HBeAg,HBV DNA loads order meanwhile MELD scores were calculated.Results In 51 patients with HBeAg positive,HBV DNA levels were (5.25 ± 1.99),(5.45 ± 1.47) and (6.06 ± 1.77) log10 copies/ml while MELD scores were (30.33 ± 5.25 ),(26.36 ± 6.43 ) and (20.13 ± 6.47) respectively.In 69 patients with HBeAg negative,HBV DNA loads were (5.14 ± 1.84),(5.49 ± 1.75 ) and (4.62 ± 1.65 ) log10 copies/ml while MELD scores were 32.38 ± 9.95,28.17 ±6.82 and 26.19 ± 5.56 in sequence.Compared with the same phase between HBeAg-positive group and HBeAg-negative group,significant differences in both HBV DNA loads and MELD scores were found only at the phase of 29 - 90 d (P ＜ 0.05 ).In multiple comparisons among three phases,regardless of the HBeAg status,there wasn't significant difference for HBV DNA loads (P ＞0.05).But increasing MELD scores are associated with the disease exacerbation and significant differences were found (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions To initiate acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure,serum HBV DNA loads of HBeAg-positive patients are higher than that of HBeAg-negative ones.Once ACLF has been initiated,sustained high HBV DNA loads may promote the disease worsened and be fatal regardless of the HBeAg status.

Correct data without noise is the basis for obtaining useful information and knowledge. The database system of Chinese materia medica is the application of database technology in the field of Chinese materia medica. Its establishment is based on the analysis, processing and supplementary of much irregular raw data during studying Chinese materia medica information. This paper reviewed several key problems in the data processing of Chinese materia medica based on the information system of Chinese herbal medicine that we are constructing.
Database Management Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience in management of prosthetic graft infection (PGI) after lower limb arterial bypasses and investigate optimal measures for prevention and treatment.

METHODSRecords of 15 cases of PGI between January 2004 and December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, including 14 male and 1 female with the average age of 64.8 years (ranged from 40 to 84 years). PGI occurred from 5 d to 59 months (average 6.4 months) after the last reconstructive procedures with symptoms as follow: nonhealing wound with vascular graft exposure in 8 cases, persistent sinus related to vascular graft with purulent secretion in 5 cases and without secretion in 1 case, and ill-incorporated graft with peri-graft fluid in 1 case. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were administrated in all PGI cases. Surgical treatments included local debridement and drainage in 4 cases (one death from postoperative acute myocardial infarction), local debridement and skin flap rotation in one case, complete removal of the occluded infected grafts in 8 cases including major amputation in 3 cases, removal of patent infected graft and extra-anatomic bypass with silver-bonded Dacron vascular graft in 1 case, and partial removal of patent infected graft without reconstruction in 1 case with a re-canalized stent-graft.

RESULTSLimb salvage was achieved in 9 cases, and 4 cases received major amputation. One case was failed to follow-up and one died of postoperative acute myocardial infarction. Initially 13 patients were followed and 2 died during follow-up (because of colon carcinoma and intracranial hemorrhage respectively). Eleven patients were followed for 1 to 70 months (average 22.3 months) including 8 cases with limb salvage and 3 with major amputation. Accumulative mortality rate, amputation rate, and graft occlusion rate were 20% (3/15), 26.7% (4/15), and 53.3% (8/15) respectively.

CONCLUSIONSPGI after lower limb arterial bypasses is a devastating complication with high risk of graft occlusion and amputation. Removal of the infected grafts may be mandatory for most cases, but local management for patent infected grafts may be recommendable for selected cases.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis-Related Infections ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies