Older people generally had low health literacy, age related cognition decline and some even progress into dementia, burden on society was aggravating. Cognition decline of the elderly could lead to the decrease of health literacy. Meanwhile, higher level of health literacy was a protective factor against cognition decline in the elderly. This paper aimed to explore the relationship between health literacy and cognitive function in the elderly population without dementia, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the health literacy and cognitive function of the elderly.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using CT texture analysis to differentiate among lipid-poor adrenal adenoma,pheochromocytoma and adrenal metastases.Methods 66 lipid-poor adrenal adenoma,98 pheochromocytoma and 101 adrenal metastases lesions were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients had abdominal non-enhanced CT and adrenal enhanced CT scans.We used TexRAD software to analyze the textural features of CT images and compared the differences in each texture parameter among three adrenal lesions.Results On non-enhanced CT images,there were significant differences in Mean and Kurtosis at all the texture scales(SSF 0-6) among the three types of adrenal lesions (P<0.05),as well as SD at fine and coarse texture scale (SSF 2,6)(P<0.05).Entropy (SSF 0-3, 5-6) and MPP (SSF 0-2, 4-6) were significantly lower in lipid-poor adrenal adenoma and adrenal metastases than that in pheochromocytoma (P<0.05).There were significant differences in Skewness (SSF 0-3) among three types of lesions, which was lowest in pheochromocytoma and highest in adrenal metastases.On enhanced CT images, Mean, SD, Entrophy and MPP showed significantly differences among the three types of adrenal lesions at all the texture scales (SSF 0-6) (P<0.05), which were all highest in pheochromocytoma and lowest in adrenal metastases.Skewness (SSF 0) and Kurtosis (SSF 0, 2) were significantly lower in adrenal metastases than that in lipid-poor adrenal adenoma and pheochromocytoma (P<0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in CT texture analysis parameters among lipid-poor adrenal adenoma,pheochromocytoma and adrenal metastases.CT texture analysis has potential clinical application values in differentiating these three adrenal lesions.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Newest Vital Sign(NVS). Methods The NVS was translated and back-translated. Cultural adaption of scale was performed by Delphi expert consultation and pilot study. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the NVS was tested in 451 Chinese residents. Results Chinese version of the NVS consisted of 6 items with Pearson correlation between item and total score of scale ranging from 0.50 to 0.71. Two factors were abstracted by exploratory factor analysis and explained 61.51% of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitness of the model was acceptable:comparative fit index was 0.96, Tuker-Lewis index was 0.92, standardized root mean square residual was 0.04, root mean square error of approximation was 0.077. Cronbach α coefficient was 0.71, retest reliability was 0.92. Conclusions Chinese version of the NVS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to test the health literacy of residents in China.

Adolescent ; Adult ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Reperfusion is the most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction, markedly reducing mortality and morbidity. Reperfusion however induces necrotic and apoptotic damages to cardiomyocytes, that were viable prior to reperfusion, a process called myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MI/RI). Over the past 30 years, hundreds of experimental interventions (both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic) have been reported to protect the ischemic myocardium in experimental animals; however, with the exception of early reperfusion, none has been translated into clinical practice. The population-based survey assessed men have about twice the total incidence of morbidity and mortality of women, and the sex gap in morbidity tends to diminish after age 45 years. So hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is given to treat the MI/RI, and lots of studies shows that the side effect is greater for estrogen, compared with phyestrogen. In this article, we review the important pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, the prevention and limitations of HRT. And we highlight the mechanism of phyestrogens treatment the MI/RI in experiment. The aim is to provide the theoretically new way of develop the safe and effective products for the researchers.
Animals ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Phytoestrogens ; administration & dosage ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage

Objective To explore the effect of self-care agency on frailty syndrome in hospitalized elderly patients.Methods A total of 102 hospitalized elderly patients were recruited by convenience sampling method and investigated by cross-sectional survey. The prevalence of frailty was evaluated by frailty phenotype, and socio-demographic characteristics scale and exercise of self-care agency scale were used to evaluated these patients.Results The prevalence of frailty syndrome were 31.4%(32/102). The total score of self-care agency scale was (104.38±20.20). Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of frailty syndrome in elderly was statistically different in the age, household income, career, the number of chronic disease, the use of medication and self-assessment of health (P<0.05). Compared with no-frailty elderly, the self-care agency, especially self-worth of frailty syndrome patients reduced significantly(P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression indicated that self-care skills (OR=0.775, 95%CI: 0.641-0.937) and self-worth (OR=0.585,95%CI: 0.424-0.807) were significant protective factors of frailty syndrome.Conclusions The poorer self-care skills and self-worth of the elderly, the higher prevalence of frailty syndrome. Raising the level of self-care agency actively can help to prevent or improve frailty syndrome.

Objective To investigate the relationship between health literacy and cognitive function in elderly inpatients.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 216 elderly people who were admitted to a class Ⅲ grade A hospital by convenience sampling. Social demographic characteristics scale, questionnaire on Chinese citizens' health literacy and minimum mental state examination were used in this survey.Results The health literacy score of elderly inpatients was (64.33±12.79) and the cognitive function score was(26.52±2.27). The scores of health literacy and cognitive function had moderate correlation in hospitalized elderly patients (r=0.52,P<0.05). The single factor analysis showed that the health literacy of the elderly inpatients was statistical different in the education level,the average monthly family income,occupation, chronic disease and cognitive function (P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level,cognitive function,occupational and chronic diseases were independent factors of health literacy among the elderly inpatients.Conclusions The cognitive function of elderly inpatients varies greatly, and the higher level of cognitive function is a protective factor for the health literacy of elderly inpatients. It is an important approach to improve health literacy among elderly patients in hospital by lowering the burden of cognitive function to communicate health information.

In order to meet the urgent needs of social high-level nursing talents in the times and reality, scholars at home and abroad pay more and more attention to the development of professional spirit of nursing students. By using systematic analysis, this paper summarized five kinds of widely used professional spirit teaching methods, such as role model teaching, reflective learning teaching, PBL teaching, behavior-oriented teaching and hidden curriculum teaching so as to break the traditional teaching mode and explore scientific and effective teaching methods.

Objective To investigate the limitation of quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) of normal white matter by using a single subtraction with thin-slice TI1 periodic saturation (Q2TIPS Ⅱ ) pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL)technique. Methods Thirty-one patients with brain tumors were examined at 3.0 T MRI system . A second version of quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction with additional thin-section periodic saturation after inversion and a time delay (Q2TIPS) technique of pulsed arterial spin labeling in the multisection mode and T2* dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (T2* DSC)MR imaging were both implemented. Cerebral blood flow map obtained from PASL and DSC were reviewed. The regions of interest( ROI )were placed in the region of normal white matter contralateral to the lesion in the proximal and distal slices. In regions of interest, the signal intensity (SI)was measured from the maps of cerebral blood flow map obtained from PASL and DSC. Pair-t test was performed to determine if there were significant signal differences between proximal and distal slices. Pearson linear correlation analysis of signal intensity was performed for values from the same slices of PASL-CBF and DSC-CBF maps. Results In the deep white matter of distal slice, PASL-CBF map showed perfusion deficit while DSC-CBF map showed low CBF in the corresponding brain area. With the increased inversion time,the PASL-CBF map showed obviously improved perfusion signal in deep white matter (but still some perfusion deficit)and slightly decreased perfusion signal in grey matter. The mean signal of normal white matter measured from distal slices of PASL-CBF maps was( -22.1 ±55.5) ml· 100 g-1 · min-1 while it was (89.5 ±45.5) ml. 100 g-1 · min-1 in proximal slices. There was a significant difference of signal intensity from PASL-CBF maps between distal and proximal slices ( t = - 9. 512, P ＜ 0. 01 ＝, while no difference of signal intensity between distal[ (62. 8 ± 29.9) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1] and proximal slices [(57. 1 ±29.6) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 ]was obtained from DSC-CBF maps(t= -1.607,P＞0.05). There was no significant correlation between PASL-CBF and DSC-CBF in both distal ( r = 0. 093, P ＞ 0. 05 ) and proximal slices ( r = - 0. 234, P ＞ 0. 05). ConclusionsPASL has limitation in the accurate quantification of cerebral blood flow of normal white matter. The quantification of CBF was affected by the limitations of the technique itself and the different parameters chosen..

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Citalopram on the mRNA expression of bax and bel-2 in frontal cortical neurons and on cell apoptosis of rats after stress.

METHODSTwenty-four healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8). The control group did no receive any treatment, the stress group was subject to stress and given normal saline and experimental group was given Citalopram irrigation stomach after stress. Rats were forced to swim to establish chronic stress model (15 min/d, 4 weeks), bax, bcl-2 mRNA expression were tested by in situ hybridization technique (ISH), TUNEL assay was used to determine cell apoptosis, Nikon image analysis software were used to measure the number of positive cells in each index.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the stress group showed a larger number of bax mRNA expressing cells( P < 0.01), a smaller number of bcl-2 mRNA expressing cells (P < 0.01), and the staining intensity of positive cells was significantly reduced( P < 0.01). Compared with the stress group, the experiment group showed more reduced number of bax mRNA positive cells( P < 0.01) and significantly increased bcl-2 mRNA positive cells( P < 0.05), a small amount of positive cells were found, compared with that in the stress group, nuclear condensation in the experimental group was reduced significantly and the staining was obviously weaker( P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCitalopram significantly antagonizes bax mRNA and potentiatesbcl-2 mRNA protein expression and inhibits apoptosis of rat prefrontal cortical neurons caused by chronic stress, which might be one possible mechanism of Citalopram for prevention and treatment of psychosis caused by chronic stress.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Citalopram ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex ; cytology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism