Micromonospora distributes extensively in environment. But most of them have not been known because the limitation of isolation and taxonomic approach. The phenotypic information such as morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics have been applied widely in the taxonomy of Micromonospora. The functions of molecular methods become more and more important in the taxonomy of Micromonospra accompanying with the development of the polyphasic taxonomy. Micromonospora is one of the most important sources in finding new bioactive compounds, some of them can yield antibiotics, such as gentamicins, rafomicins and newmicins, some of them can degrade natural rubber and fibrin. It indicated in recent years’ study that some bioactive compounds with particular chemical construction could be found from Micromonospora. These compounds can identify cancer cells and kill them effectively.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics by using CT, MRI and biochemistry test on the X linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X ALD) Methods The clinical,neuro imaging and determinations of plasma very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) of 12 cases with X ALD were analysed Results The main clinical features consisted of the childhood onset,progressive auditory, visual and/or intelligent impairment, behavioural changes,epileptic seizures and melanodermia. CT or MRI scans demonstrated that the demyelinating lesions were located on the bilateral white matter in occipital,posterior parietal and temporal lobes.The levels of hexacosanoic acid (C 26:0 ) and the ratio of C 26:0 to docosanoic acid (C 22:0 ) were increased. Conclusions ALD is an inherited disease as an X linked trait.The childhood X ALD is characteristiced by progressive auditory, visual and intelligent deterioration.The abnormalities of CT or MRI scan and the levels of the plasma VLCFAs are crucial to the diagnosis of X ALD.

Objective To explore the influence of psychological first aid training on cognitive appraisal of sudden events in medical students.Methods A medical university undergraduate students were selected and divided into the training group(n=42) and the control group(n=53).The former was treated with 20 hours short-term targeted psychological first aid,and the latter was treated as blank control.The SAM and LMSQ were adopted to measure students' cognitive appraisal before and after the training.Results After the training,the training group gained significant differences (P＜ 0.05) in threat (11.95 ±3.17) vs (10.45±2.48)(t=2.426,P=0.020),challenge (12.64t2.84) vs (14.40±1.95)(t=-3.304,P=0.002),controllable-by-self (13.05±3.15) vs (14.93±2.00) (t=-3.240,P=0.002),controllable-by-others (12.40±3.10) vs (14.52±2.52) (t=-3.553,P=0.001),stressfulness (13.26±2.69) vs (12.00±1.96) (t=2.592,P=0.013) of SAM,and Physical threat ((23.88±7.59) vs (19.76±4.82),t=3.057,P=0.004) of LMSQ compared with before training.Other factors had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with two groups,the training group gained significant increase(P＜0.05) on the score differences for SAM factors (challenge (t=-2.466,P=0.016),controllable-by-self (t=-2.557,P=0.012),controllable-by-others (t=-2.800,P=0.006)) than the control group,and significant reduction (P＜0.05) in physical threat (t=-2.308,P=0.023) of LMSQ.Conclusion Short-term targeted psychological first aid training has certain effects on changing cognitive appraisal about sudden events for medical students.

Numerical simulation is one of the most significant methods to predict the temperature distribution in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. In this study, the adopted numerical simulation was used based on a transcranial ultrasound therapy model taking a human skull as a reference. The approximation of the Westervelt formula and the Pennes bio-heat conduction equation were applied to the simulation of the transcranial temperature distribution. According to the temperature distribution and the Time Reversal theory, the position of the treatable focal region was corrected and the hot spot existing in the skull was eliminated. Furthermore, the influence of the exposure time, input power and the distance between transducer and skull on the temperature distribution was analyzed. The results showed that the position of the focal region could be corrected and the hot spot was eliminated using the Time Reversal theory without affecting the focus. The focal region above 60 degrees C could be formed at the superficial tis sue located from the skull of 20 mm using the hot spot elimination method and the volume of the focal region increases with the exposure time and the input power in a nonlinear form. When the same volume of the focal region was obtained, the more power was inputted, the less the exposure time was needed. Moreover, the volume of the focal region was influenced by the distance between the transducer and the skull.
Computer Simulation ; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Skull

Objective To investigate the dosimetric properties of PTW 60019 synthetic diamond detector in small photon beams.Methods A PTW 60019 synthetic diamond detector was tested under 6 and 10 MV photon beams,respectively.Linearity with dose,dose rate dependence and off-axis ratio were measured and compared to those measured by an IBA SFD.Percentage depth doses were measured and compared to those measured by an IBA SFD and a PTW 31010 semiflex chamber.Total scatter factors were measured and compared to those measured by an IBA SFD and a PTW 31016 PinPoint chamber.Results The dose response of a PTW 60019 synthetic diamond detector showed a good linear behavior as a function of dose,with observed deviations below 0.2％ over a dose range from 100 to 1 000 MU.The dose rate response was almost independent,with deviations below 0.2％ in the dose rate range from 37 to 614 MU/min.For the fields of 20-100 mm in diameter,there were dose differences in percentage depth doses within 1％ as compared to an IBA SFD and a PTW 31010 semiflex chamber.For the 10 mm diameter field,the differences were up to 5.8％ in the build-up region.Off-axis ratios measurements showed a good agreement among the involved detectors (＜ 1％).The higher differences appeared in the penumbra region.A good agreement was also found in terms of total scatter factor measurements for the related detectors.Conclusions The observed dosimetric properties of the PTW 60019 synthetic diamond detector indicate that it is a suitable candidate for small photon beam dosimetry.

To investigate the effects of traditional Chinese compound recipe Yiqi Zengmin (YQZM) formula on expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high-fat diet combined with low-dose-streptozotocin injection.

Objective: To establish a method for determination of methone and pulegone in Herba Schizonepetae. Methods: The contents of menthone and pulegone were determined by GC (equipped with FID) with HP-5 fused capillary column (5% phenyl methyl siloxane 30m?0.32mm?0.25?m) after the samples were extracted by the solvents. Results: The linear ranges were 0.002-5.0g/L (r=0.9999) for menthone and 0.002-5.0g/L (r=0.9996) for pulegone, the recoveries of menthone and pulygone were 96.30%-103.9% and 95.7%-102.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The method was simple and accurate, which could be applied to the determination of menthone and pulegone in Herba Schizonepetae.

Objective:To investigate the structural alterations of mitochondria and its role in neutrophil death induced by ONO-AE-248.Methods:Human neutrophils were cultured in vitro with ONO-AE-248(5?10-5 mol/L)and medium alone. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used to detect the structural alterations of mitochondria and the level of mitochondria membrane potential by flow cytometry using mitocapture dying.Results:ONO-AE-248 resulted in extremely swollen mitochondria within 6 hours. Meanwhile, a rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential of neutrophils occurred, especially in 3 hours and 6 hours. There were obviously differences between spontaneous apoptosis and non-apoptosis programmed cell death induced by ONO-AE-248.Conclusion:The experiment results suggest that changes of mitochondrial structure and function be typically morphological, physiological and biochemical features in this unique form of neutrophil death, and that the mitochondrial pathway might play a more important role in ONO-AE-248-induced death of neutrophils.

Objective To study the expression and the distribution of Tropic 1808 gene expressional protein in the lesioned sciatic nerves of adult SD rats. Methods Both distal and proximal segments of 12 days cut-off sciatic nerves of SD rats were obtained.Then immunohistochemistry and dual fluorescent-immunohistochemistry were performed to observe the expression of Tropic 1808 gene expressional protein in the lesioned sciatic nerves.The positive intensity and area of immuno-response were detected by the image analyses system. Results The Schwann cells's membranes which in the distal and proximal of lesioned sciatic nerves appeared to have positive expression of Tropic 1808 gene expressional protein.The positive intensity and area of immuno-response in the distal end were denser and larger than those in the proximal.Conclusion Tropic1808 gene expressional protein expresses in the Schwann cell's membranes of the distal and the proximal after the peripheral nerves were injured.The positive expression in the distal was higher than that in the proximal.;

Objective To investigate the effect of Heat shock protein 70 induced by hypoxic precondition on apoptosis of the remnant livers after the hepatectomy of transplanted hepatic cancer models in SD rants and it's possible mechanisms.Methods Sixty SD rats of transplanted hepatic cancer models were divided into group A (sham operation group),group B (IR + hepatectomy group),and group C (hypoxia precondition + IR + hepatectomy group),with 20 rats in each group.C group was given 10％ oxygen atmosphere for 90 minutes before operation,In 15 minutes of hepatic vascular occlusion with pringle method,Left lateral of liver which tumor was located was resected.At 1,8,12,24 hours after operation,Five rats of each group were killed respectively,then the remnant liver tissues were sampled to measured the hepatocytes apoptosis rate with flow cytometry,expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bax were detected by Western blotting.The serum AST and ALT activities were measured by an automatic analyzer.The histological changes of the hepatocytes were also observed by optical microscopy.All the data were statistically analyzed.Results (1) Compared with A and B group,the HSP70 expression increased obviously in C group at each time point (all P ＜ 0.05).The protein showed a weak expression in group A and B group,while the index had no significant differences between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).(2) In B group compared with A group,the expression of Bax and the hepatocytes apoptosis rate were significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜0.05).However,amplitudes of the above changes in C group were significantly lower than those of B group (all P ＜ 0.05).(3)The liver function was improved in group HP.The pathological examination showed that the liver tissues in A group were general normal and in C group were showed mild changes,but in B group presented evident pathological changes.Conclusions HP can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury after the hepatectomy of transplanted hepatic cancer models in SD rants,one of possible mechanisms is that HP can induce HSP70 expression at great intensity,which may decrease expression of Bax protein and the apoptosis of hepatocytes.