Objective:To establish the cephalometric norms of soft tissue of adults in Xi'an area with normal occlusion.Methods:120 college students with normal occlusion(60 male and 60 female), aged from 18-22 years old in Xi'an city were selected.Lateral cephalometric film was taken by cephalometer for all the subjects at intercuspal occlusion.Then the films were traced on vitriolic paper, and the points were put into computer through digitizier. Statistic analysis were made and the data were compared with norms of adolescents already obtained.Results:Studied by Holdaway analysis,in the males FH-PgG' and Li-Pg' Ls of adults were bigger than those of adolescents, while Ss-Ls,Sn-H,Ls-Si and H-N'pg' were smaller(P0.05).Conclusion:The 3 sets of norms of soft tissue analysis obtained through this study may be applied as the norms of adults with normal occlusion.

Ataxia Telangiectasia ; genetics ; Humans

Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Echinocandins ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lipopeptides ; Mycoses ; drug therapy

Objective:The human heparin-binding growth factor Midkine(hMK) gene was constructed and expressed in E.coli, and the activity of MK protein was tested.Methods:The MK gene was amplificated from the tissue of human embryo kidney by RT-PCR techniques. The MK fragment without signal peptide was inserted into plasmid pET30a. The gene was expressed in E.coli, the protein was purificated by affinity chromatography, and the activity was tested by ~3H-TdR method.Results:The sequence of hMK in our experiment was as same as the sequence published in Genebank. The activity assay was shown high activity of MK protein in our experiment.Conclusion:The expression carrier of hMK was established successful and it can expression high activity hMK protein in E.coli.

Objective To evaluate the role of mierosurgery in surgical treatment to urethrocutaneous fistula after urethroplasty in hypospadias and improve surgical results.Methods From 1999 to 2006,44 urethrocutaneous fistulae (more than 3mm in diameter) after urethroplasty for hypospadias in 33 patients were repaired with different skin flaps.For example,Thiersch technique,urthroplasty,etc.Microsurgical tech- nique was employed in every case.Results The success rates of different procedure were 84.8% (28/33) for Thiersch technique,100% (11/11) for urethroplasty respectively.The total success rate was 88.6%(39/ 44).Conclusion It's just application of skin flap for repairing of big or complex urinary fistula after hypos- padias surgery.The application of microsurgical technique can increase success rate.It is necessary to excise scar and partial urethra for hypospadias fistula combined with urethral structures,cicatricial eontracture and in- curvation of penis.Rich blood-supply,low tension and atraumatic technique are all very important to improve surgery success rates of urinary,fistula after hypospadias repair.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of DSA-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder catheter drainage (PTGCD) in treating aged patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by severe diseases. Methods The clinical data of 15 aged patients with acute cholecystitis or complicated by severe diseases, who were encountered at authors’ hospital in the past three years and were treated with PTGCD, were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical results were discussed. Results PTGCD was successfully accomplished with single procedure in all 15 patients. Abdominal pain was relieved within one to three days, and the abdominal symptoms and signs subsided or disappeared. Reexamination of routine blood test showed that the white blood cell count decreased to normal range in 1 - 2 weeks, and complete cure was achieved in some patients. Secondary surgery was carried out in some patients after the clinical condition was improved. During the follow-up period no complications occurred in all patients except one who developed biliary leakage after the catheter was retrieved two weeks after the treatment. Conclusion For the treatment of complicated acute cholecystitis in aged patients who are not suitable to receive surgery, DSA-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder catheter drainage is an ideal therapeutic means as it can significantly relieve clinical symptoms.

Objective Tostudyrecentclinicalefficacyandadversereactionsofpemetrexedincombi-nationwithcisplatininthetreatmentofadvancedbreastcancer.Methods Usingenvelopesandrandomlythe patients were dividing into treatment group and control group.The treatment group with 1 8 cases of advanced breast cancer were treated with pemetrexed and cisplatin while in the control group ,23 cases advanced breast cancer patients were treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin with 21 days as a cycle.The efficacy and adverse re-actions were determined according to the WHO on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors therapy and chemotherapytoxicityevaluationcriteria.Results Tumorcontrolrateinthetreatmentgroupwas83.3%(1 5/1 8),while in the control group was 78.3%(1 8/23 ),and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.000 94,P>0.05);while the adverse reactions differenced between the treatment group and the con-trol group were statistically significant(bone marrow suppression χ2 =9.23;fatigue χ2 =4.96;nausea and vomi-tingχ2=4.98;diarrheaχ2=4.45;skinrashχ2=5.03,P<0.05).Conclusion Pemetrexedcombinedwith cisplatin in patients with advanced breast cancer has a good effect,and the adverse reaction is low.

Objective To study the interobserver variabilities and the differential diagnosis value of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System-Ultrasound (BI-RADS-US) lexicon for small ( ≤ 2 cm) breast nodules. Methods Between January 2009 and December 2011, 289 patients with small (≤2 cm) breast nodules (n=317) were included. According to sizes, the lesions were divided into two groups, i.e., 0-1 cm (n=160) group and 1-2 cm (n=157)group. Each lesion was described independently by 3 radiologists using BI-RADS-US lexicon. Interobserver variabilities were assessed by Kappa test. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency difference of the descriptors between malignant and benign lesions. Sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negtive predictive value were calculated. Results (1)Moderate agreements were obtained for lesion shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, surrounding tissue and calciifcations (κ=0.44, 0.57, 0.48, 0.43, 0.51 and 0.57) in 0-1 cm group. Substantial agreements were obtained for lesion shape, orientation, margin and echo pattern (κ=0.65, 0.61, 0.64 and 0.63) in 1-2 cm group. (2)Irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, non-circumscribed margin, echogenic halo and microcalciifcations were more frequently found in malignant nodules than in benign nodules in 0-1 cm group [52.3% (34/65) vs 20.0% (19/95), 38.5%(25/65) vs 13.7%(13/95), 75.4%(49/65) vs 32.6%(31/95), 18.6%(12/65) vs 0 (0/95) and 10.8%(7/65) vs 2.1%(2/95);χ2=18.19, 13.08, 28.22, 16.39 and 3.95;P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.047]. Similarly, irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, non-circumscribed margin, echogenic halo, shadowing, changes of Cooper′s ligament and microcalciifcations were signiifcantly more frequent found in malignant nodules than in benign nodules in 1-2 cm group [74.2%(49/66) vs 12.1%(11/91), 36.3%(24/66) vs 5.5%(5/91), 93.9%(62/66) vs 22.0%(20/91), 37.9%(25/66) vs 3.3%(3/91), 30.3%(20/66) vs 7.7%(7/91), 15.2%(10/66) vs 0 (0/91) and 16.7%(11/66) vs 4.4%(4/91);χ2=62.59, 24.21, 79.40, 31.22, 13.73, 12.30 and 6.67;P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.010]. (3)In both groups, a good sensitivity was demonstrated (75.4%&93.9%) when using the non-circumscribed margin as a criterion for malignancy, and high speciifcity was achieved in two groups (80.0%-100%and 87.9%-100%) when other descriptors including irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, echogenic halo, shadowing, changes of Cooper′s ligament and microcalciifcations were used as differentiation criteria. Conclusions Good interobserver agreement can be achieved using the BI-RADS-US lexicon in the diagnosis of small breast nodules. Non-circumscribed margin are proved as the most valuable sign for screening malignant breast lesions ≤ 2 cm. High speciifcity was found for irregular shape, nonparallel orientation, echogenic halo, shadowing, Cooper′s ligament changes and microcalciifcations, which can help biopsy and preoperative diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on the secretion of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) by high glucose injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), so as to lay a foundation for further study on AS-IV improving angiogenesis by regulating SDF-1 α/CXCR4 axis of endothelial cells.Methods:HUVECs were isolated and cultured from the umbilical vein of full-term healthy newborns and identified by von Willebrand factor (vWF) combined with 4-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining. The obtained HUVECs was cultured in EGM-2 medium with 30 mmol/L glucose for 120 h to obtain high glucose damaged HUVECs. After intervention with different concentration gradients (25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L) AS-IV for 72 hours, the contents of SDF-1α and CXCR4 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to determine the best concentration of AS-IV. The supernatant of damaged HUVECs were collected at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after intervention with the best concentration of AS-IV, and the contents of SDF-1α and CXCR4 were detected by ELISA method to determine the best action time of AS-IV. The damaged HUVECs was randomly divided into experimental group and control group, and the blank group was set up at the same time. The experimental group was treated with the best concentration of AS-IV and the best time, the control group and the blank group were treated with the same volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, and the contents of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in each group were detected by ELISA method.Results:The vWF factor on the cell membrane was green fluorescence, and the nucleus was blue after DAPI staining. When the fusion image showed green fluorescence, HUVECs were identified by blue fluorescence. The expression of SDF-1α in damaged HUVECs was the best when treated with AS-IV of 100 mg/L for 24 hours (1 642.87 pg/ml), and the expression of CXCR4 in damaged HUVECs was the best when treated with AS-IV of 50 mg/L for 48 hours (8.44 ng/ml). Compared with the control group, the contents of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in the experimental group were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). While the contents of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in the experiment group were slightly less than those in the blank group and there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:AS-IV can promote the expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in HUVECs damaged by high glucose to return to normal physiological level, so as to play the role of vascular repair and neovascularization.

A profile of the standardized residency training at PUMCH in nine decades depicted the rigorous attitude, strict requirements, tight methodology, enhanced basic theories, basic knowledge and basic skills training, which constitute the characteristic standardized residency training system of the hospital.