Recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) is a common chronic respiratory disease of children.The pathogenesis is complex,etiology and treatment methods are varied.Probiotics are immune modulators with extensive clinical application.This paper reviewed the changes of intestinal microflora in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection and the mechanisms of probiotic treatment including intestinal flora regulation,intestinal mucosal barrier,stimulation of the growth of intestinal mucosa and immune regulation.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of acupuncture point embedding therapy in the treatment of slow transit constipation (STC)and the influence on the colon transmission function,plasma substance P(SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP). Methods A total of 128 slow transit constipation patients were involved in the study and divided randomly into two groups by using stochastic indicator: a treatment group (treated with acupuncture point embedding therapy) and a control group (treated with lactulose oral liquid). The clinical effects, colon transmission function, the influence of SP, and VIP were observed for STC patients. Results In the treatment group, CCS score was (13.52±3.93) before treatment and(8.15±3.77) after the treatment. In the control group CCS score was (14.11±4.24) and (9.01±2.93) respectively before and after the treatment, CCS score in both groups showed significantly improvement after the treatment (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). The plasma SP and VIP level of the two groups after the treatment [treatment group (46.73±1.50) ng/L,(206.10±12.14) ng/L, the control group(40.92±6.25)ng/L,(214.73± 7.62)ng/L] were also improved than before [treatment group was(26.66±0.88)ng/L, (332.68±17.84)ng/L, the control group was (23.32±1.75)ng/L,(306.22±20.01)ng/L], with statistically significant(P<0.05), and the difference between the two groups were also significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The acupuncture point embedding therapy is effective for STC, and it can regulate the level of SP and VIP.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic plan of Miller Fisher syn-drome( MFS) complicated with Guillain-Barrésyndrome( GBS) .Methods The clinical data of one patient of MFS complicated with GBS was reviewed retrospectively,and analysis combined with literature review was given.Results The patient had infectious history before the onset of MFS and GBS.Clinical manifestations included MFS triad,bulbar paralysis,bilateral facial paralysis,protein-cell dissociation of cerebrospinal fluid and neurogenic damages in electro-myography.Plasm exchange and adrenocortical hormones treatment were effective.Conclusion MFS complicated with GBS is an independent disease which is different from MFS or GBS.It has its distinct clinical features which should apply appropriate treatment.

Objective To explore the prenatal ultrasonographic features of fetuses diagnosed as echogenic bowel and chromosomal abnormalities. Methods From September 2009 to June 2013, eighty cases diagnosed as echogenic bowel by prenatal ultrasound screening in our hospitals underwent chromosomal karyotype analysis and were followed up till fetal birth. The prenatal ultrasonographic features were carefully correlated with the postnatal findings. Results Prenatal ultrasoundand chromosomal findings of the 80 cases were:(1) Fifty-eight cases of fetuses with echogenic bowel alone (72.5%, 58/80, without chromosomal karyotype abnormalities). (2) Eleven cases of fetuses with additional ultrasound soft markers (13.8%, 11/80, without chromosomal karyotype abnormalities). The ultrasound examination revealed 8 cases of choroid plexus cysts, 1 case of single umbilical artery, 1 case of shorter nasal bone, and 1 case of echogenic intracardiac focus. (3) Five cases of fetuses with severe functional abnormalities or complex structural malformations and normal chromosomal karyotype. The ultrasound examination revealed 3 cases of structural cardiac malformations, 1 case of heart failure and 2 cases of central nervous system malformations. Of them,one case showed complex malformations (right ventricular dysplasia syndrome, cerebellar dysplasia and single umbilical artery), whereas the remaining 4 cases only involve single malformation. (4)Six cases had chromosomal abnormalities (7.5%, 6/80), including 3 cases of abnormal chromosome microdeletions, and 3 cases of abnormal chromosome numbers (1 21-trisomy syndrome, 1 18-trisomy syndrome, and 1 triploid syndrome). All of them had severe structural malformations and abnormal soft markers. The ultrasound examination revealed 2 cases of severe cardiac malformations, 2 cases of central nervous system malformations, 1 case of pericardial/peritoneal effusion, and 1 case of placental chorionic multiple hemangioma. One case of holoprosencephaly (donor of the twins) ended with intrauterine death. The associated abnormal soft markers include nuchal fold (NF) thickening, choroid plexus cysts, umbilical cord cysts, single umbilical artery, and placental chorionic hemangioma. Conclusions The fetuses with echogenic bowelaloneusualyhaveagoodprognosis.Insomecases,echogenicbowelmaydisappearduringvfolow-up.The fetuses complicated with severe structural malformations and chromosomal abnormalities have poor prognosis. For the fetuses diagnosed of echogenic bowel by prenatal ultrasound screening, systematic ultrasound examination should be carried out and clinical chromosomal karyotype analysis was suggested.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; antagonists & inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy ; RNA Interference ; physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; antagonists & inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex ; metabolism

Objective]To explore the clinical value of the theories in the seven papers of Yunqi.[Method] Analysing the usage of the correlation theories of Yunqi in Cases of Well-known Physicians and its sequel, consulting the commentaries and application of many well-known physicians, this paper summarizes some theories which are applicable to clinic.[Result]In the seven papers of Yunqi, the theory of avoidance of harm by restraining excess and the theory about the inconformity of pulse and disease can exclude false symptoms and infer real pathogenesis.19 questions about pathogenesis can be a reference of clinical diagnosis.The theory of South-North can be used to exclude the impact of climate on the pulse and assist diagnosis. Rationally using the theory of Suiyun contributes to infer etiology and establish therapy.[Conclusion]Cases of Well-known Physicians and its sequel reflect the application and exertion of the theories of Yunqi by ancient physicians. They help to understand the theoretical system and instruct clinical application. In addition to the theory of Suiyun, the seven papers of Yunqi also include a lot of theories which are applicable to clinic.

Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin on the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or Glucose in U937 macrophages, and explore the role of NF-κB in modulating of LOX-1 expression. Methods U937 macrophages were treated with PMA to induce differentiation, which were co-cultured with 50 mg/L ox-LDL or/and 25 mmol/L glucose. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and simvastatin (1 μmol/L or 10 μmol/L) were used to treat cells. The expression of LOX-1 protein and NF-κB ac- tivity were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. The expression of LOX-1 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Results The expression of LOX-1 was up regulated by ox-LDL, glucose and combination of both. The inhibitor of NF-κB PDTC suppressed this up-regulation. Simvastatin suppressed the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL, and showed a significant effect in the higher concentration. There was no significant effect of simvastatin on the expression of LOX-1 induced by glucose. The variation of NF-κB activity was similar to that of LOX-1 expression. Conclusion Simvas- tatin suppressed the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL, while no significant effect on the expression of LOX-1 in- duced by glucose. The expression and regulation of LOX-1 were related with NF-κB pathway.

Objective　To investigate clinical features of neonatal ventilator associated pneumonia.Methods　Retrospective analysis of clinical features was performed in twenty-two newborns with ventilator associated pneumonia.Results　Ventilator associated pneumonia were found in 22 ou t of 36 neonates with mechanical ventilation.Conclusion　The incidence of VAP is significantly increased if the time of mechanical ventilation in longer than 96 hours.

T, p.R394W in exon 9.

OBJECTIVE:To study improvement effect of modified mahuang chanyi decoction on allergic rhinitis(AR)model guinea pigs and its mechanism. METHODS:32 guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal group (0.9% Sodium chloride in-jection),model group (0.9% Sodium chloride injection),experimental [Modified mahuang chanyi decoction,5.18 g (medicinal materials)/kg] group and control [Fluticasone propionate nasal spray,50 μg/(guinea pig·d)] group. Except for normal group,other groups received ovalbumin 30 mg and calmogastrin 30 mg intraperitoneally to induce AR model. Except for control group,other groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically,twice a day for consecutive 15 d. Nasal symptoms of guinea pigs were ob-served and recorded,and then analyzed and scored. The protein expression of nasal mucosa SHP-1 was detected by immunohisto-chemistry,the serum contents of IL-4 and IFN-γ were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,model group suffered from AR symptom,and nasal symptoms score was increased;and the protein expression of nasal mucosa SHP-1 and the serum content of IL-4 increased,while the content of IFN-γ decreased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,AR symptom of experimental group and control group were improved;nasal symptoms score,the protein expression of nasal mucosa SHP-1 and the serum content of IL-4 decreased while the content of IFN-γ increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Modified mahuang chanyi decoction shows certain improvement effect on AR,and its mechanism is associated the decrease of IL-4 content and the increase of IFN-γcontent in serum.