Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.There are two COX isoforrns:COX-1 and COX-2.Recently it is demonstrated that there is a close relationship of COX-2 with the occurrence,development and metabasis of tumor; COX-2 inhibitor is hoping to be a new target in tumor therapy.The article overviews many progresses of COX-2 about its expression,modulation and mecha-nism of carcinogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma in order to explore the prospect of the COX-2 inhibitors in cholangioearcinoma treatment.

BACKGROUND:Compared with the normal intervertebral disk, the density of nerve fibers and number of nerve endings and neuropeptides appear to be more in the degenerated intervertebral disk. However, this phenomenon does not occur in the normal y aged disk.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the axonal growth and induction of a painful neuropeptide and substance P using rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and degenerated human disc cells in vitro.
METHODS:The human intervertebral discs were harvested from patients with discogenic low back pain and normal people. And extracelluar matrix extracted from human degenerative intervertebral discs was cultured with rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. The promotion of axonal growth and induction of substance P of dorsal root ganglion neurons in extracted medium were evaluated through morphology observation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group, the content of nerve growth factor in the degenerative group was significantly higher and the average length of neuritis was significantly longer in the experimental group (P<0.05). After intervention with anti-nerve growth factorβ, the average length of neuritis became remarkably shorter. The percentage of substance P-immunoreactive cells was significantly higher in the degenerative group compared with the normal group (P<0.001). Nerve growth factors that highly express in the extracellular matrix from the degenerative intervertebral dick can promote neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons and induce release of neuropeptides related to pain transmission.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sports

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Kuiyu dection on ulcerative colitis and to explore its mechanism.Methods120 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,60 cases in each group.The treatment group was treated with Kuiyu dection retention enema,1 time a day,15 days for a course of treatment; and the control group was treated with SASP orally,2 g every time,3 times a day,and 15 days for a course of treatment.All patients with a course of treatment for the next 7 days after the rest period of treatment,evaluated after 3 courses.Comprehensive clinical efficacy,the main symptoms,score of integral electronic colonoscopy examination,and the changes of IL-6,IL 8 levels were observed in both groups after treatment with complete remission and six months followed-up,besides,the recurrence rate was also observed.ResultsThe total effective rate was 93.33％ in the treatment group,better than the control group 78.33％ (x2 =9.027,P＜0.05) ; the treatment group also showed better results in diarrhea,pus and blood improvement than the control group (x2=5.630、x2=5.972,P＜0.05),the treatment group could significantly reduce UC Serum IL-6,IL-8 level (x2=8.314,P＜0.01); electronic colonoscopy examination points,hyperemia,erosions,ulcers in both groups were significantly improved,but the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (x2=8.322,P＜0.05) ; 6 months followed-up and the recurrence rate in treatment group were better than control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=5.857,P＜0.05).ConclusionThrough decreasing the IL-6,IL 8 levels,Kuiyu dection can treat ulcerative colitis,with significant effect,non-toxic side effects,inexpensive,and easy for use.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of residuals of petroleum ether,ethanol,xylene and ace-tic acid in ecabet sodium crude drug. METHODS:Capillary GC was performed on the column of PGE-20M capillary column at the flow rate of 1.7 ml/min,detector was hydrogen flame ionization detector,carrier gas was nitrogen with high purity,column temper-ature was 45 ℃,maintaining 4 min,it increased to 80 ℃ with rate of 10 ℃/min,then increased to 135 ℃ with rate of 30 ℃/min,maintaining 3 min,the injection mode was direct injection,inlet temperature was 250 ℃,and the volume injection was 1.0 μl. RESULTS:The mass concentration was 0.050-1.952 g/L for petroleum ether,0.050-1.941 g/L for ethanol,0.024-0.948 g/L for xy-lene and 0.050-1.947g/L for acetic acid(r=0.999 1-0.999 7);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.7%;recoveries were 99.3%-101.0%(RSD=0.7%,n=9),102.3%-103.7%(RSD=0.4%,n=9),101.2%-102.1%(RSD=0.3%,n=9) and 100.3%-102.2%(RSD=0.6%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate,and can be used for the control of residual of organic solvents in ecabet sodium crude drug.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multimodal Imaging ; methods ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Whole Body Imaging ; methods

AIM: To observe the effect of ?-glucosindase inhibitor, acarbose on the aortic collagen nonenzymatic glycosylation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats . METHODS: The treated group (DM+A) was given acarbose (1 mg?kg -1 ). The aortic collagen and its AGEs concentration were measured at the scheduled periods (1, 3 and 6 months ). RESULTS: During the observed period , the aortic collagen and its AGEs concentration were higher than that of control group in a time-dependent manner (P

Objective To study the spectrum of upper gastrointestinal diseases and infection rate of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) in our hospital during the past 35 years.Methods Patients who were 16 or older with duodenal ulcer,gastric ulcer,reflux esophagitis,gastric cancer and esophageal cancer diagnosed by gastroscopy and pathology were retrospectively enrolled in our study from January 1980 to December 2014.Patients with chronic superficial gastritis,chronic atrophic gastritis or Hp infection from January 1989to December 2014 were also included in our study according to the same diagnostic criteria.The incidences of diseases and the infection rates of Hp were studied.Results A total of 213 495 patients underwent gastroscopy in our department during the past 35 years.The overall diagnostic rates of duodenal ulcer,gastric ulcer,reflux esophagitis,gastric cancer and esophageal cancer were 9.87％,3.79％,6.66％,1.59％ and 0.66％ respectively.There were 183 426 patients receiving gastroscopy in our department from January 1989to December 2014.The overall endoscopic diagnosis rates of chronic superficial gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis were 49.83％ and 22.43％ respectively.The overall infection rate of Hp was 36.18％,which had a declining trend consistent with peptic ulcer (all P =0.000).Yet,the prevalence of reflux esophagitis,chronic superficial gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis were increasing (all P =0.000).The diagnostic rates of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer were persistent (P =0.266,P =0.156).Conclusions The Hp infection during years has been decreasing,consistent with the declining tendency of peptic ulcer.On the other hand,reflux esophagitis,chronic superficial gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis show an ascendant trend.The proportion of patients with gastric cancer and esophageal cancer is relatively stable.

ObjectiveTo retrospectively determine the prevalence of Ramp lesion (the peripheral attachment of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus) of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus with concurrent anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) ruptures and analyze the relevant risk factors.MethodsFrom April 2002 to October 2007,868 consecutive knees were diagnosed as ACL injury and received arthroscopic surgery for ACL reconstruction(ACLR).All the patients were verified for the tears of Ramp area under arthroscopy.The prevalence of Ramp lesion was evaluated respectively.Then all cases were divided into different groups depending on the time interval from ACL injury to ACLR (TFI) and other relevant risk factors as age and gender.ResultsAmong 868 knees underwent surgery for ACLR,144 knees were diagnosed as Ramp lesion.The average age was 24.7 years,113 males,31 females.The mean TFI to ACLR was 29.3months.The prevalence of Ramp lesion was 16.59％,which was analyzed as logarithmic correlation with TFI.Patients younger than 30-year old and male patients had significant higher prevalence of Ramp lesion.ConclusionRamp lesion is a common meniscus injury that can occur at the time of ACL rupture or as a result of knee laxity associated with ACL insufficiency.The prevalence of Ramp lesion is 16.59％ which increases with time until 24 months after initial injury.Patients younger than 30-year old and male patients have higher prevalence of Ramp lesion.