Atrophy ; Brain ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch ; pathology ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; congenital ; pathology

Acetylcysteine ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Composite Resins ; toxicity ; Dental Materials ; toxicity ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gingiva ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Methacrylates ; toxicity ; Polyethylene Glycols ; toxicity ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; toxicity ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; toxicity ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Resins, Synthetic ; toxicity

AIM To prepare diosgenin nanosuspensions.METHODS The nanosuspensions prepared by media milling method were solidificated by freeze drying method.With particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) as evaluation indices,stabilizer kind,ratio of diosgenin to stabilizer,ratio of preliminary nanosuspension volume to grinding bead amount,milling time,lyoprotectant kind and its amount as influencing factors,single factor test was applied to screening preparation and solidification processes.The morphology of nanosuspensions was observed,then the particle sizes and polydispersity indices of nanosuspensions and freeze-dried powder were determined.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 6:1 for ratio of diosgenin to Pluronic F127 (stabilizer Ⅰ),50:1 for ratio of diogenin to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS,stabilizer Ⅱ),1:4 for ratio of preliminary nanosuspension volume to grinding bead amount,120 min for milling time,and 8％ PEG-6000 and 2％ mannitol as lyoprotectants.The average particle size and polydispersity index of rod-like or flaky nanosuspensions were (348.1 ±14.2) nm and 0.244 ± 0.059,respectively,which were lower than those of freeze-dried powder.At room temperature,the particle sizes of nanosuspensions and freeze-dried powder remained stable within 35 d and 3 months,respectively.CONCLUSION The physical stability of diosgenin freeze-dried powder is superior to that of its nanosuspensions,which can be used after being reconstituted.

Objective To discuss the frequent etiology of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage and its diag- nosis.Methods The clinical materials of 79 cases of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage were analyzed.Results 56% of the hemorrhage was caused by arterial-venous malformation.48% of the hemorrhage was caused by occult AVM.Conclusion AVM is the most frequent etiology of spontaneous sub-cortical hemorrhage.CTA plays a special role in its diagnosis.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the influencing factors of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus after combined immunological blockade, and to evaluate the effect of mother-to-child blockade, and to provide a basis for health policies and health interventions for preventing mother-to-child blockade of hepatitis B virus. Methods A total of 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants aged 7-12 months in Hainan Province from 2015 to 2020 were included in the study. The general situation, the situation of health care and delivery in this pregnancy and perinatal period, the detection of hepatitis B markers, the situation of antiviral therapy, the general situation of mother and infant during delivery and the implementation of blockade measures for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants delivered in hospitals in Hainan province from 2015 to 2020, the positive rate of HBsAg in children at 7-12 months after birth was 1.47 %, and the difference in HBsAg positive rate of infants born in different years was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of HBsAg among children born to pregnant women with different nationalities, educational levels, occupations, delivery modes, delivery places, obstetric operations and perineal laceration, abnormal perinatal period, children with different genders and premature delivery and perinatal (all P<0.05). There was significant difference in HBsAg positive rate among infants born to pregnant women of different ages, the positive rate of HBsAg of infants born to young pregnant women was higher than that of older pregnant women (P<0.05). The rate of antiviral therapy was low in HBeAg positive pregnant women, and the positive rate of HBsAg in their infants was 2.54%, which was higher than 0.83% in HBeAg negative pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusions Combined immunological blockade with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HBV. HBsAg-positive women can give birth at the right age, and HBeAg-positive pregnant women can be treated with antiviral therapy to block mother-to-child transmission, providing the important basis for the formulation of hepatitis B prevention and control strategies and measures.

Objective To study the expression level of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) and protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) in the synovium of rat model of collagen-induced arthritis, and to explore their possible therapeutic role in rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods Thirty-two female Wistar rats weighing 100±20 g were randomly assigned into 3-week collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model group (n=8), 4-week CIA model group (n=8), 6-week CIA model group (n=8), and the control group (n=8). The body weight changes of each group were recorded. The expression levels of PADI4 and PTPN22 were detected and compared by the methods of immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.
Results Arthritis of rat began to form 14 days after sensitization and the joint swelling reached peak at 28 days. The weights of the rats slowly grew both in CIA model groups and the control group. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the positive expression of PADI4 and PTPN22 was mainly located in cartilage peripheral mononuclear cells, the cytoplasm of infiltrated cells, and bone marrow cavity. There were significant differences in the optical density of PADI4 and PTPN22 among CIA model groups and the control group (PADI4, 0.2898±0.012, 0.2982±0.022, 0.2974±0.031, 0.2530±0.013 in 3-week CIA model, 4-week CIA model, 6-week CIA model and control groups;PTPN22, 0.2723±0.004, 0.2781±0.010, 0.2767±0.008, 0.2422±0.019;all P<0.05). The expression bands of PADI4 were observed in Western blot 3 weeks after initial immunization, the thickest in the 4th week, and decreased in the 6th week. The expression bands of PTPN2 were observed at all the time points, with no obvious time-dependent trend.
Conclusions PADI4 and PTPN22 are obviously correlated with CIA in rat model. PADI4 is expressed at early stage of the disease, while the expression of PTPN22 sustains throughout the course.

Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (AACT) is the first enzyme in the terpene synthesis pathway, catalyzed two units of acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA. In order to study the tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza, a novel AACT gene, SmAACT, was cloned using cDNA microarray and RACE strategy. The full length cDNA of SmAACT is 1 623 bp (accession No. EF635969), which contained a 1 200 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 399 amino acid protein. Nine introns were found in the genomic sequence. SmAACT was upregulated by YE and Ag+ elicitors both with cDNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses along with the accumulation of tanshinones. Sequence homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis all suggested that SmAACT belonged to the class of acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase. The transcription level of SmAACT was relatively higher in root than that in stem and leaf tissues. SNP analysis revealed that SmAACT was highly variable in the region of 6 to 9 introns with 33 SNPs in the 600 bp region, there are 5 SNPs in the cDNA region while they are all synonymous cSNPs. Some special genotypes were found in Salvia miltiorrhiza from different areas. SmAACT will be an useful gene for further analyze the mechanism of gene regulation among the tanshinones biosynthesis.
Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genotype ; Introns ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; enzymology ; genetics ; Plant Roots ; enzymology ; genetics ; Plant Stems ; enzymology ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics

Objective To establish infection management process by applying evidence-based medicine in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods To find out the problems about infection management in NICU by investigating correlative materials, collect and evaluate the literatures searched by medical databases (Medline) and related web site, establish the infection management process of NICU scientifically and systematically. Results To compare control group and observation group, difference of eligible rate of disinfectant of feeding bottle nipple, air, surface, incubator humidifier water monitoring and hand washing compliance in two groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0. 05 or P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusions NICU infection management process based on scientific evidence-based medicine is a scientific and effective method.

Objective To understanding the implementation of ICU infection control measures and the effect of ICU infection control measures on hospital infection control,in order to take effective control measures to reduce the occurrence of hospital infection.Methods The infection control personnel inspected the implementation of ICU infection control measures 2 times per week.The results of clinical rounds were discussed and analyzed,the rectifcation measures were formulated,and the rectification results feedback.Results The rates of correct and compliance on hand hygiene were respectively 79.2％,51.6％ after rounds,and were higher than 58.5％,30.3％ before rounds,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =10.65,50.24,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rates of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP),arteriovenous catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and urethral catheter-related urinary tract infection (CAUTI)were respectively17.1％,2.4％,1.1％ after rounds,and were lower than 30.2％,4.8％,2.5％ before rounds,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =4.08,0.42,4.06,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).The qualified rates of infection control indicators including enviroumental health management,sterile technical operation,disposable sterile items management and medical waste management were respectively 94.3％,96.2％,95.2％,91.4％ after rounds,and was significantly higher than 80.9％,72.3％,79.1％,68.6％before rounds,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =7.42,20.71,10.88,15.74,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).The rectification rate of infection control measures problems was 95.4％ in 2012,and was significantly higher than 77.8％ in 2011.Conclusions Infection control rounds can improve subjective initiative and the bidirectional interaction in infection monitoring personnel,ICU physicians and nurses,improve the execution rate of prevention and control measures,and improve the quality of infection control.

Objective To understand the hand carrier status of 1CU patients and comparison of different cleaning methods,and to explore the effective intervening measure.Methods 150 patients received treatments in ICU from July to December in 2010 were randomly divided into washing hand group,disinfecting hand group,wiping hand group,each group had 50 cases,the samples were collected before and after washing hand,disinfecting and wiping hand,the quantity of bacteria in hands were compared before and after cleaning.Results The ICU patients' hands had a large quantity bacteria,and more pathogens,the hand carrier status in washing hand group before and after cleaning had statistically different( x2 =56.17,P ＜ 0.01 ),the same to the disinfecting hand group and wiping hand group( P ＜ 0.01 ),commodities of patients with different quantity bacteria in hands had the different bacteria carrier status ( x2 =50.917,P ＜ 0.01 ).Patients in three groups did hand-washing two times a day had smaller quantity bacteria in hands than did it one time a day(P ＜0.01 ),the effect of washing hand two times a day and disinfecting haod were better than wiping hand ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Paying attention to patients' hand cleaning in ICU,washing hand two times a day or disinfecting hand in [CU plays an important role in controlling infection.