OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the dental caries status of 12-year-old children (born in 1998) in Sichuan province in 2010 and 2011, monitor the tendency of dental caries, and update available information and scientific basis for oral health care program.

METHODSThe oral health of 733 twelve-year-old children was surveyed for two consecutive years according to the methods proposed by the World Health Organization. The children were selected using multi-stage, stratified, randomized sampling. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSCaries prevalence, DMFT, and DMFS in 12-year-old children were 34.8%, 0.93, and 1.09, respectively, and increased to 44.3%, 1.08, and 1.40 in the following year. The eruption of permanent teeth among females was higher than that of males (P < 0.05). The significant caries index was 2.54 in 2010 and 2.90 in 2011. F/D+F were 4.2% and 6.5% separately. Annual incidence of dental caries was 9.6%.

CONCLUSIONCaries prevalence in the permanent teeth of 12-year-olds is high and worsens as the children age. Despite the high incidence of dental caries, the filling rate is low, hence the need for immediate preventive measures.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oral Health ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Tooth Eruption

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of stoke volume variation (SVV) determined using FloTrac/Vigileo and Picco-plus technologies in prone position for assessment of the blood volume in the patients undergoing spine surgery,Methods Forty-three ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged ＞ 18 yr,weighing 40-100 kg,scheduled for elective posterior approach to lumbar spinal fusion or scoliosis surgery were studied.After induction of anesthesia,a volume expansion was performed in supine and prone positions.Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection 5 ml/kg was rapidly infused intravenously over 10 min to carry out the test for fluid responsiveness.Picco-plus and FloTrac/Vigileo systems were simultaneously applied in every subject to measure SVV (SVVP and SVVF).Positive fluid responsiveness was defined as the changing rate of stroke volume index ≥ 10％ as measured by using Piccoplus system.The patients were divided into response group (Rs group) and non-response group (NRs group) according to the changing rate of stroke volume index ≥ 10％ and ＜ 10％.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for SVV was plotted,and the diagnostic threshold,area under the ROC curve and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results Forty-one patients were included for analysis in this study.In supine position,the area under the ROC curve for SVV in predicting the fluid responsiveness was 0.740 (95％ CI:0.568-0.913),the diagnostic threshold was 12％,and the sensitivity and specificity in determining fluid responsiveness were 86％ and 54％,respectively,for SVVF,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.637 for SVVP.In prone position,the area under the ROC curve was 0.451 for SVVF,and 0.634 for SVVP.Compared with Rs group,the baseline value of SVVFwas significantly lower,and no significant change was found in the other hemodynamic parameters before volume expansion in supine position in NRs group.There was no significant difference in the hemodynamic parameters before volume expansion in prone position between the two groups.Conclusion SVV determined by using FloTrac/Vigileo and Picco-plus systems in prone position can not accurately assess the blood volume in the patients undergoing spine surgery.

This article provides a brief description of systematics on Morchella ,and reviews the advances of molecular systematics on Morchella over the world.

Objective:To assess whether ART sealants could be applied on children in school environment in China, and to evaluate long term effects of this treatments. Methods:The study was conducted in Deyang, Sichuan Province. Four dentists placed a total of 191 fissure sealants in 140 children in four secondary schools. Standard instruments and procedures for ART were used. The material used was a high-strength glass-ionomer (Ketac-Molara, ESPE). The treatments were evaluated annually by the same dentist who was not involved in the treatment using explorers and mouth-mirrors. Results:The cumulative 1-year, 2-year, 4-year and 6-year complete survival rates of the sealants were 75.4%,62.5%,50.0%,34.6% and the partial or complete retained survival rates were 89.6%, 78.8%, 68.5% and 57.9%. No incidence of new caries was occurred 1 year after ART sealants. The incidence of recurrent caries was very low after 2 and 3 years, which were 1.6% and 2.8% respectively. But there was a high increase of caries 4 years after sealants application. The prevalence of caries were 8.5%,16.1%,15.0% respectively over 4, 5 and 6 years after ART sealants application. Conclusion:The ART approach for preventing teeth caries in school children is effective and acceptable. The 3-year survival rates of the sealant are high with low prevalence of new caries. Six years after sealants application, the result is acceptable though there is a drop of survival rate. New caries is occurred with a highly increased prevalence three years after sealants missing without re-sealant. ART sealant is a simple, acceptable technique and is suitable for widespread application in China.

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technology combined with cluster analysis method was used to classify 75 batches of crystalline ceftriaxone sodium into subtypes, the crystalline characteristics of each subtype were measured with scanning electron microscope (SEM). By comparing some parameters of these subtypes correlated to crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium, such as salification rate, water content in different subtypes, as well as by studying different lattice stabilities, different compatibilities with rubber closures during accelerated stability tests, the key point to improve the quality of domestic ceftriaxone sodium was disclosed. The results of this paper indicated that the fine structure of the products could be controlled well by improving the salification and crystallization process. As a result, the subtype II of ceftriaxone sodium with high stability can be produced.

Objective To build the forecasting system on spatial coverage of cumulative phenotypic frequency (CPF) of HLA- Ⅰ for designing HLA-based vaccines (epitopes or DNA vaccines) and evaluating their effects in China. Methods The spatial database of HLA- Ⅰgenes of Chinese (across the land of China) was set up, and then the spatial forecasting system of CPF was designed using Kriging technique.Results Using this spatial forecasting system, the vaccine designer could predict the spatial coverage of CPF for any combination of the alleles confined to a single class Ⅰ locus, either HLA-A or HLA-B, as well as for any combination of alleles at these two loci of each given population at any geographical location across the land of China. Conclusions This system is applicable in the following rields: ①To provide for the identification of alleles that represent a desired percentage of populations across the land of China and that can be targeted for vaccine composition. ② To predict the theoretical responder status of vaccines whose HLA restricted epitopes have already been known in given population at any geographical location across the land of China. (③) To identify how many individuals will be non-responders to a HLA-based vaccine across the land of China.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the incidence and grade of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 154 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (80 males and 74 females) were investigated, ocular fundus were examined after mydriasis, at the same day, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood fat, serum albumin were determined, the microalbuminuria and the glomerular filtration rate were performed. Results The incidences of DR with each stage were significantly different according to different DN stages. Univariate analyses revealed that the disorder of DR was positively correlated with the duration of diabetes, microalbuminuria, blood cholesterol (P<0.01 or <0.05), and negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate (P<0.01). Conclusion The incidence OFDN and DR has the highly concordance, and their lesions have some parallel relationship.

OBJECTIVEThis longitudinal study aimed to investigate the caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2012.

METHODSA sample that comprised 652 6-year-old children from six different elementary schools (three represented the urban areas, and the other three represented the rural areas) were examined according to a baseline, with follow-up examinations at 1, 2, and 3 years. Eruption and caries experience were re- corded using World Health Organization criteria.

RESULTSThe prevalence rates of primary tooth caries of 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province for 3 years were 74.23% (484/652), 75.61% (493/652), and 81.90% (534/652). The filling rate of the primary teeth was 5.87% (145/2,471) in 2012, with significant differences (P < 0.01) between the urban areas [10.84% (133/ 1,227)] and rural areas [0.96% (12/1,244)]. The total pit and fissure rate of the first molar was 14.11% (92/652) in 2012, with significant differences between the two areas (P < 0.01) [rural: 0.66% (2/303); urban: 25.79% (90/349)].

CONCLUSIONThe pre- valence of caries in the primary and permanent teeth of 6-year-old children was high. An increasing prevalence tendency was observed as the age increased. The prevalence of first molar caries indicated that prevention and control of dental caries should be performed as early as possible.

Child ; China ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; Dentition, Permanent ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Molar ; Prevalence ; Tooth Eruption ; Tooth, Deciduous

AIM: Niflumic acid (NFA) is known as a kind of inhibitor of calcium-activated chloride channel. The inhibition and mechanism of NFA on the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were investigated. METHODS: Using [ 3H]-TdR incorporation method, we examined the effect of NFA (at concentration of 10 and 50 ?mol/L) on the proliferation of primarily ASMCs from BALB/c mouse. With confocal laser scanning microscope the [Ca 2+ ]i in ASMCs exposed to histamine was observed, and the opposed effects of NFA and nifedipine on histamine were also checked. Finally the effect of NFA on expression of MAPK in ASMCs was examined by indirect immunofluorescent assay. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the proliferation of NFA group was reduced markedly with dependent concentration. Histamine significantly improved the [Ca 2+ ]i in ASMCs, but NFA and nifedipine showed the inhibition on the effect of histamine. NFA reduced the level of MAPK expression in ASMCs. CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that NFA inhibits the proliferation of ASMCs by reducing [Ca 2+ ]i and the expression level of MAPK. [

0. 05) . Conclusion Despite immersing in seawater and in freshwater worsen the ALI after open chest trauma,the ALI induced by seawater-immersion is severer than that caused by freshwater-immersion. It is attributed to higher plasma osmotic pressure and abundance of salts after seawater immersion,which increasing the pulmonary penetration index and aggravating the inflammatory response.