Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of embolization of cerebral dural atreriovenous fistulas (cDAVF) of the eavemous sinus through the superior ophthalmic vein approach. Methods Twnety-seven patients with eDAVF of the cavernous sinus were embolized through the superior ophthalmic vein approach. Cerebral angiography and follow-up examination of the patients were performed to evaluate the effect ofernbolization. Results The fistulae showed complete angiographic disappearance in 15 patients, and 12 patients had blood velocity flow reduction at the fistula orifice. Ocular proptosis and chemosis deteriorated transiently in 11 patients after the procedure. The patients were followed-op for 3 to 48 months, and clinical cure was achieved in 17 patients, and 10 showed significant symptom relief. Conclusion cDAVF of the cavernous sinus can be effectively embolized through the superior ophthalmic vein approach.

Objective To investigate the effect of prophylactic administration of atropine before carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) on the happening of intraoperative and postoperative hypotension,bradycardia or cardiovascular complications. Methods Seventy-seven patients with carotid atherosclerosis, admitted to our hospital from November 2008 to May 2010 and performed CAS, were chosen in the study. Prophylactic administration of atropine before CAS was performed on 42 patients and the other 35 without atropine administration were adopted as control group. The clinical data of these patients were analyzed and the high risk factors of cardiovascular events (hypotension or bradycardia) at the perioperative period were observed. The incidence of cardiovascular complications at the perioperative period was also recorded and compared. Results No significant differences on the clinical data, high risk factors of cardiovascular events and morphological characteristics of the vessels were noted between the 2 groups (P＞0.05). The operation procedures were almost the same between the 2 groups. As compared with the control group, the atropine treatment group enjoyed significantly lower incidences of intraoperative or perioperative bradycardia and cardiovascular complications at the perioperative period (P＜0.05). Conclusion The prophylactic administration of atropine before CAS decreases the incidence ofbradycardia and cardiovascular complications during and after CAS.

Objective To study the influence of age,gender and history of diabetes in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and standardized cerebral metabolic rate (SCMR) of glucose.Methods Seventy-nine healthy volunteers were recruited and evaluated by PET-CT examination.Region of interest (ROI) analysis was employed to measure the SUVmax in 13 ROIs of the brain and 13ROIs of the cerebellum.SCMR was amounted by left SUVmax/right SUVmax in the corresponding ROI point of each side in the same volunteer.The influences of age,gender and history of diabetes in SUVmax and SCMR were analyzed. Results No statistical significance of SUVmax was noted between the 2corresponding points in bilateral ROI (P＞0.05).Statistical significance of SUVmax was noted between each 2 points in the left and right ROI (left:F=14.280,right:F=14.680,P=0.000).Statistical difference of SUVmax was recorded in different age groups (P＜0.05).The female had significantly lower SUVmax in bilateral measurement points (2/26) as compared with the male (P＜0.05).Concerning the influence of history of diabetes,statistical significance of SUVmax was noted in almost all ROIs (18/26,P＜0.05).No statistical significance of SCMR in each ROI was noted in different groups of gender,age and diabetes (P＞0.05). Conclusion SCMRglu can eliminate the role of such influencing factors as age,gender and history of diabetes,which have been proved to exert some effect on the results of SUVmax; therefore,SCMRglu may provide a reliable indicator for further study.

Objective To study the general condition and changes of red blood cell transfusion in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the years of 2010 and 2013.Methods Random sampling was conducted among the in-patients who received red blood cell transfusion during hospitalization at Peking Union Medical Col-lege Hospital in 2010 and 2013.The clinical information including gender, age, wards where transfusion was performed, and the hemoglobin values before the first red blood cell transfusion were compared between the 2 years.Results Totally, 174 cases in 2010 and 500 cases in 2013 were enrolled.The mean hemoglobin value before red blood cell transfusion in non-surgical and surgical wards were ( 67.71 ±11.31 ) g/L and ( 78.68 ± 15.64) g/L respectively in 2010, which were (63.75 ±12.41) g/L and (81.53 ±17.09) g/L respectively in 2013.Hemoglobin detection rates in in-patients before red blood cell transfusion in non-surgical wards in 2010 and 2013 were both 100%;in surgical wards, the hemoglobin detection rate was 68.6%in 2013, significantly higher than that in 2010 (47.7%, P<0.001) .Conclusions In both non-surgical and surgical wards of Pe-king Union Medical College Hospital, the hemoglobin threshold for initiating red blood cell transfusion were in accordance with the recommendations of international and China guidelines, indicating that in our hospital, in-dication of red blood cell transfusion is strictly followed and transfusion administration is rational with continuous improvement.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with hemoglobin level higher than the recommended threshold by guidelines before receiving red blood cell( RBC )transfusion in non-surgical departments of Peking Union Medical College Hospital( PUMCH). Methods One thousand patients were random-ly selected from hospitalized patients who received RBC transfusion at PUMCH between January and December in 2013. Among them,those in non-surgical departments and with hemoglobin≥70 g/L before transfusion were iden-tified,and their hemoglobin level before RBC transfusion,proportion in non-surgical patients receiving RBC trans-fusion,symptoms and signs related to anemia before transfusion were described. Results Of the 1000 patients, 270 were from non-surgical departments,and their average hemoglobin before RBC transfusion was( 63. 7 ± 11. 5) g/L. Seventy-four of the 270(27. 4%)patients had hemoglobin ≥70 g/L before RBC transfusion,inclu-ding 60(22. 2%)patients with homoglobin≥70 g/L and ﹤80 g/L,10(3. 7%)patients with homoglobin≥80 g/L and ﹤90 g/L,and 4(1. 5%)patients with hemoglobin≥90 g/L. Among the 74 patients,symptoms and signs related to anemia and decision-making of the transfusion were identified in 59 ( 79. 7%)patients’ medical records,the other 15 ( 20. 3%)patients with missing data were those with more severe conditions, multiple co-morbidities,multi-organ involvement,unstable conditions,or poor tolerance to decreasing hemoglo-bin level. Conclusions The hemoglobin threshold for RBC transfusion in non-surgical departments of PUMCH was consistent with the recommendations of both international and Chinese guidelines. Given specific conditions, RBC transfusion in those patients with hemoglobin level higher than the recommended threshold is clinically ap-propriate,but the decision-making process regrading RBC transfusion should be recorded in detail.