To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nicergoline ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The traditional view of bacterial life cycle consists of four phases,namely,lag phase,exponential or logarithmic phase,stationary phase and death phase.Although the standard textbook description of the bacterial life cycle has been useful,might not always provide us the whole visage of bacteria growth process.Recently,it has demonstrated that bacterial life cycle is expanded to five phases.It is a significant different growth phase after death phase:long-term stationary phase,which may be more akin to the nature environment in which microorganisms exist.Microbial cells survive due to mutating,and forming growth advantage during stationary phase (GASP) phenotype in this phase.It is very important for further study the microorganisms in this phase.

Objective To regard the implication of viruses particularly herpes in pemphigus vulgaris,and assess and compare the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2),cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with pemphigus vulgarisand healthy people.Methods In this study,23 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 26 healthy individuals comprised the experimental and control groups,respectively.Serum samples were taken from both groups;the levels of IgG antibodies against HSV1,HSV2,CMV and EBV were measured using ELISA.Results Immunoglobulin G titer was higher for all four viruses in the patient group in comparison to the control group.This difference was significant for anti-EBV,anti-CMV and anti-HSV2 (t=2.16,P＜0.05;t =4.76,P＜ 0.01;t=3.75,P＜0.01),respectively,but not significant for anti-HSV1 (t=0.52,P＞0.05).Conclusion Viruses including EBV,CMV,and HSV2 probably play a role in the pathogenesis of pemphigus in addition to the effects of genetics,toxins and other predisposing factors.In this study,no statistically significant relationship was observed between HSV1 and pemphigus vulgaris.More studies must be done in this regard.

Objective To evaluate ketamine-induced cerebral protection in mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods Thirty-two pathogen-free healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 8 weeks,weighing 26-30 g,were divided into 4 groups using a random number table:control group (group C,n=7),ketanine group (group K,n=7),TBI group (n=9) and TBI plus ketamine group (group TBI+K,n =9).TBI was produced with a pneumatically driven controlled cortical impact device.Ketamine 150 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at l h after operation in TBI+K and K groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in TBI and C groups.Open field test was conducted at 24 h,72 h and 7 days after operation.The animals in TBI and TBI+K groups were scanned by T1-weighted MRI at 6,24 and 72 h after operation,the animals in C and K groups were scanned by MRI at 24 h after operation,and the development of cerebral edema was observed.Results MRI scan showed no cerebral edema in C and K groups,and different degrees of cerebral edema were found in TBI and TBI+K groups.Compared with group C,the locomotor distance was significantly shortened at 24 and 72 h after operation in group TBI (P＜0.05).Compared with group TBI,the size of cerebral edema was significantly decreased,and the locomotor distance was prolonged at 24 and 72 h after operation in group TBI+K (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion MRI method further clarifies that ketamine can produce cerebral protection to some extent in mice with TBI.

Based on SWOT analysis and relevant information about the premarital healthcare services through on-site survey and literature research , this paper systematically analyzed the Strengths , Weaknesses , Opportunities and Threats of “one-stop” premarital healthcare services .It also puts forward some strategic suggestions on premarital healthcare services in China including enhancing communication and cooperation between the related national minis -tries and commissions , building a government-led multi-sectoral coordination mechanism , increasing the resource in-vestment , promoting the premarital health care service and pre-pregnancy physical examination integration , and strengthening publicity and mobilization of “one stop” service for premarital healthcare service policy recommenda-tions to provide a basis for decision-making in the promotion of the policy-related works .

Based on the policy framework , the premarital healthcare policy of Guangxi was analyzed from four aspects including policy background , process, content and actors.We analyzed the factors influencing this policy and their interactions , and discussed the important impact of Thalassemia prevention , multi-sectoral consensus and appro-priate premarital healthcare measures to the policy building and implementation .Then the lessons such as strengthe-ning the multi-sector cooperation , specifically making clear the pre-marital screening projects and implementing the“one-stop” service model were summed up in Guangxi province .Finally, combined with existing major problems , some policy recommendations were put forward including clarify the funding criteria and strengthen the premarital healthcare publicity in order to promote the sustainable development of premarital healthcare services .

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To observe the effect of circadian rhythms on wound healing of mouse corneal epithelium. METHODS:The C57BL/6 male mice were used in the study.A part of corneal epithelium (2 mm in diameter) was struck off by a golf-like knife to form a round wound area.The dynamics of epithelial healing in the wound area were ob-served under microscope with fluorescein staining.In addition, with related antibodies and DAPI, the dynamic changes of the neutrophils, platelets and dividing cells were also investigated.RESULTS:The healing rates in LL group (12 h light/12 h light) and DD group (12 h dark/12 h dark) were obviously slower than that in LD group (12 h light/12 h dark), mainly showing delayed re-epithelialization, decreased epithelial cells, increased diameter of blood vessel, and delayed re-cruitment of neutrophils and platelets, but more cell number.CONCLUSION:Disruption of circadian rhythms significant-ly inhibits the wound healing of corneal epithelium, mainly through delaying the inflammation and re-epithelialization, but aggravating the inflammatory responses.

Objective:Taking Chongyang county of Hubei Province as an example, the paper describes the in-tegration of the maternal and child health ( MCH) and family planning ( FP) service system and analyses the key ele-ments to provide reference for promoting integration. Methods: qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaire were used to collect data. The software QSR Nvivo 8. 0 and SPSS 17. 0 were used for qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Results:Based on the correct understanding of integration, Chongyang implements the supporting policies actively, maintains the original compensation mode unchanged, follows the principle of“no reducing headcounts and no downsizing” strictly, promotes the merger of institutions rapidly, adjusts the service contents and methods reasona-bly, and integrates the maternal and child and family planning information platform. Conclusion:The correct concept of integration, appropriate staffing, and stable funding in Chongyang provide rich experiences for future research. However, there is room for improvement in staffing, incentive mechanisms, service content, and forms.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Bushen Huoxue Compound (BHC) on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF mRNA in retinal Muller cells under high glucose condition or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) condition by using serum pharmacological method.

METHODSThe retinal Müller cells of 5-7 days post-natal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were cultured with modified enzyme-digestion method. Purified retinal Muller cells were cultured in normal conditions, high glucose condition (50 mmol/L) or AGEs (50 mg/L and 100 mg/L) conditions, and BHC-containing serum was added to culture medium. The LDH leakage and VEGF expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the relative expression of VEGF mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA were significantly increased in the high glucose group, the low dose AGEs group and the high dose AGEs group (all P < 0.01). The LDH leakage was obviously increased in the high dose AGEs group, when compared with the normal control group and the high glucose group (P < 0.01). The LDH leakage, expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA were obviously decreased by BHC-containing serum both in high glucose and AGEs conditions (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). BHC-containing serum had no significant effect on the LDH leakage and expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in normal conditions (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAGEs intervention could obviously lower the stability of Müller cell membrane. Up-regulated expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in cultured Müller cells could be induced by AGEs or high glucose. BHC-containing serum could stabilize the stability of Müller cell membrane, inhibit the transcription of VEGF mRNA and decrease the protein expression of VEGF, which might be one of important mechanisms for preventing and treating diabetic retinopathy.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Ependymoglial Cells ; Glucose ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

In this paper , we discussed the financing mechanisms of premarital healthcare services from their properties combined with the status quo financing in our country .We then provided the scientific basis and decision-making reference for improving financing mechanism to improve the premarital healthcare system .A literature or doc-umentary and field researches have combed the present situation of the premarital healthcare services financing mech -anisms at home and abroad .Related data were collected in eight research areas , namely Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Beijing and Tianjin and the related personnel from health administrative department , civil affairs departments , maternal and child healthcare institutions were interviewed in terms of Field Research .From the main content at present , premarital healthcare services belong to the category of quasi-public goods .We dis-cussed the financing mechanisms from the financing levels , sources of funds , fund allocation , payment and financial regulatory and other aspects .Finally, some policy recommendations were put forward including making clear the na-ture of premarital healthcare service property , establishment of a special financial investment mechanism , unify the basic financing service standard after scientific feasibility studies , timely and fully allocate special premarital health-care service funds to strengthen the fund supervision policy recommendations .