Objective To explore the prenatal ultrasonographic features of fetuses diagnosed as echogenic bowel and chromosomal abnormalities. Methods From September 2009 to June 2013, eighty cases diagnosed as echogenic bowel by prenatal ultrasound screening in our hospitals underwent chromosomal karyotype analysis and were followed up till fetal birth. The prenatal ultrasonographic features were carefully correlated with the postnatal findings. Results Prenatal ultrasoundand chromosomal findings of the 80 cases were:(1) Fifty-eight cases of fetuses with echogenic bowel alone (72.5%, 58/80, without chromosomal karyotype abnormalities). (2) Eleven cases of fetuses with additional ultrasound soft markers (13.8%, 11/80, without chromosomal karyotype abnormalities). The ultrasound examination revealed 8 cases of choroid plexus cysts, 1 case of single umbilical artery, 1 case of shorter nasal bone, and 1 case of echogenic intracardiac focus. (3) Five cases of fetuses with severe functional abnormalities or complex structural malformations and normal chromosomal karyotype. The ultrasound examination revealed 3 cases of structural cardiac malformations, 1 case of heart failure and 2 cases of central nervous system malformations. Of them,one case showed complex malformations (right ventricular dysplasia syndrome, cerebellar dysplasia and single umbilical artery), whereas the remaining 4 cases only involve single malformation. (4)Six cases had chromosomal abnormalities (7.5%, 6/80), including 3 cases of abnormal chromosome microdeletions, and 3 cases of abnormal chromosome numbers (1 21-trisomy syndrome, 1 18-trisomy syndrome, and 1 triploid syndrome). All of them had severe structural malformations and abnormal soft markers. The ultrasound examination revealed 2 cases of severe cardiac malformations, 2 cases of central nervous system malformations, 1 case of pericardial/peritoneal effusion, and 1 case of placental chorionic multiple hemangioma. One case of holoprosencephaly (donor of the twins) ended with intrauterine death. The associated abnormal soft markers include nuchal fold (NF) thickening, choroid plexus cysts, umbilical cord cysts, single umbilical artery, and placental chorionic hemangioma. Conclusions The fetuses with echogenic bowelaloneusualyhaveagoodprognosis.Insomecases,echogenicbowelmaydisappearduringvfolow-up.The fetuses complicated with severe structural malformations and chromosomal abnormalities have poor prognosis. For the fetuses diagnosed of echogenic bowel by prenatal ultrasound screening, systematic ultrasound examination should be carried out and clinical chromosomal karyotype analysis was suggested.

Considering the World Health Organization's classification of Helicobacter pylori as a definite (class I ) carci- nogen, the relationship between oral microbial community and tumors is gaining increased interest. This review focused on three relationships between oral microbiota and tumors, i.e., between oral Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric tumors, between oral microbiota and oral squamous cell carcinoma, and between human immunodeficiency virus and tumors. The aims were to realize the early diagnosis of tumors with oral microbiota and support studies on treatment development.
Helicobacter Infections ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Mouth Neoplasms

[Objective]To evaluate the clinical result of Weil osteotomy for refer metatarsalgia in hallux valgus. [Method]Between 2004 and 2005, 25 feet of 17 patients with hallux valgus were treated by osteotomy at the base of the first metatarsal and Weil osteotomy of the lesser metatarsal with metatarsalgia. Weight-bearing anterior-posterior and lateral X ray were taken before the surgery and 6 weeks after surgery on follow up. The hallux valgus angle , the intermetatarsal angle between 1st and 2nd metatarsal, and length of the second metatarsal were measured on the X-ray film. AOFAS system was used to judge the clinical result of the surgery. [Result]The hallux valgus before surgery angle was 32??5.7?,after surgery it was 12.8??3.5?; the intermetatarsal angle between lst and 2nd metatarsal before surgery was 24.2??3.7?,after surgery it was 10.5??0.7?; AOFAS score was 45.6?6.9 before surgery , and 86.9?4.6 after surgery ; significant difference was found between the result. The metatarsal after Weil osteotomy was shorten by 3~8 mm, mean 4.5 mm. After surgery 18 feet had pain free, and 7 feet had a signigicant pain relief . All the patient could return to normal life without other treatment. [Conclusion ] The biomechanical changes in the foot with hallux valgus should be analyzed before surgery . Combined use of base osteotomy at the first metatarsal and Weil osteotomy at lesser metatarsal can get satisfactory clinical result in patients with sever hallux valgus and transferred refer metatarsalgia.

Objective To explore a new method of nasal tip plasty and its clinical effect,which is much accorded with biomechanical properties of the human body.Methods From June 2010 to March 2016,a total of 33 cases of nasal tip surgery,6 males and 27 females,were performed.Ages ranged from 22 to 46 years in this group.Ear cartilage was trimmed into two strips and sutured them together in a M shape.When located to the original position of the nasal alar cartilage,theM shaped cartilage could be used in nasal tip;when fixing part of it on the nasal septum or lengthened nasal septal cartilage,the M shaped cartilage could be used in cosmetic surgery of nasal tip lengthening.Results The follow-up period was from one month to 60 months,with average 14 months.29 patients (87.9 ％) were satisfied with the efficacy and 2 patients were suffered from infection (6.1 ％).Conclusions When the M-shaped cartilage is fixed with lengthened nasal septum,it can lengthen the nasal tip much more and the contouring and texture of nasal tip are better than that of using a shield or a cap cartilage graft.

Child ; China ; Humans ; Rheumatic Diseases

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic stem cells can be differentiated into endocrine functioning cells under a suitable cultivation condition, suggesting that pancreatic stem cells can be used as a new source of islet in treating diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the expression of stem cell in different purities of pancreatic islets.DESING: A controlled observation based on cells.SETTING: Third People's Hospital of Mianyang City.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Center Laboratory (Key Laboratory of Chongqing City), the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March 2005 to March 2006. Thirty healthy male SD rats, of clean grade, aged 50 days were used in this study. During the experiment, the disposal of animals corresponded to Animal Ethical Standard. Cytokeratin (CK)-19 and β-actin were designed by Shanghai Invitrogen Biological Co., Ltd.Brdu reagent, mouse anti-rat Brdu monoclonal antibody, rabbit anti-mouse (RAM) CK-19 polyclonal antibody and Brdu immunohistochemical kit were from Boster Co., Ltd. (Wuhan); HistostainTM -DS double immunohistochemical staining kit was purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Company.METHODS: Rats were intraperitoneally injected with Brdu for labeling, and subjected to perfusion with Ⅴ-type collagenase via pancreatic ducts, with pancreas being excised, ripped, beaten up, digested and centrifuged to obtain pancreatic islet sediments. After being precipitated, the sediments were divided into 3 groups. Group A: The isolated sediments of islets were not purified; Group B: The sediments were added slowly with 25% Ficoll-400 and Hanks solution for purification; Group C: The sediments were slowly added with 25% Ficoll-400, 11% Ficoll-400 for purification in order.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of Brdu and CK-19-positive cells in the islet samples were detected by immunohistochemical method, and mRNA expression of CK-19 in the different purities of islets was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: ① The purity of islets in the group A was the lowest. The purity of islets obtained by different purification techniques showed significances among the three groups (F =89.42, P ＜ 0.05). ②Positive expressions of Brdu and CK-19 in the group A were significantly higher than those in the group B and group C (F =18.64, 22.12, 38.61. P ＜0.01). ③Expression of CK-19 mRNA in the group A was significantly higher than that in other groups, with group C showing the lowest.CONCLUSION: Expressions of Brdu and CK-19-positive cells exist in different purities of islets, suggesting the existence of more stem cells in the low purify of islets.

Objective To evaluate regenerative nerve and functional recovery of target muscle in rats with sciatic nerve defect bridged by acellular nerve allograft made through chemical extraction.Methods Sciatic nerve of SD rats was processed in a volume fraction of 3％ Triton X-lO0 solution and 40 g/L sodium deoxycholate solution.Morphology of myelin sheath,axons and basal lamina tubes of sciatic nerve segments was observed under the light microscopy before and after the chemical processing.Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into acellular nerve allograft group (n =10),autograft group (n =10) and normal control group(n =5) according to the random number table.A 1 cm sciatic nerve defect was created in acellular nerve allograft group and autograft group,and was respectively bridged by acellular nerve allograft and autograft.Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was measured every two weeks.Twelve weeks after surgery,nerve conduction velocity (NCV),recovery rate of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and recovery rate of muscle force were measured in each group.Results Cellular components including myelin sheath and axons were removed thoroughly,but the basal lamina tubes were preserved completely.At postoperative 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in normal control group (-1.7±5.9,-0.3 ±2.5,0.8 ±4.1,-1.4±3.6,-2.5 ±5.7 and-2.1±3.2) was superior over autograft group (-94.3±3.7,-90.1±4.1,-63.7±7.8,-51.9±8.2,-48.8±8.6 and -44.3 ± 10.5) and acellular nerve allograft group (-97.1 ± 5.3,-91.2 ± 6.1,-70.6 ± 5.5,-60.4±6.2,-58.2 ±10.2 and-56.4 ±8.0) (P ＜0.01).At postoperative 6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜0.05).NCV [(61.6 ± 8.1) m/s],recovery rate of CMAP[(98.7 ± 5.9) ％] and recovery rate of muscle force [(101.8 ± 6.6) ％] in normal control group were higher than those in acellular nerve allograft group [(22.3 ± 4.7) m/s,(40.3 ± 9.2) ％ and (43.8 ± 9.3) ％] and those in autograft group [(29.0 ±5.5) m/s,(52.5 ± 10.6) ％ and (54.3 ± 10.5) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).NCV,recovery rate of CMAP and recovery rate of muscle force in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Acellular nerve segments are harvested satisfactorily by chemical extraction.Sciatic nerve defect in rats can be cured with the acellular nerve allograft,but the repair effect of autograft is relatively better.

PurposeAs a main method to detect thyroid nodules, ultrasonography seems to have a rather low accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant ones. The present study aims to explore the diagnostic value of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) in identifying benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Materials and Methods A total of 168 patients with thyroid nodules conifrmed pathologically (with 251 suspicious nodules) underwent ultrasonography and were further grouped into category 3-5 according to TI-RADS classiifcation standard. The results were retrospectively compared with histopathological ifndings. The sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TI-RADS classiifcation in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were calculated, and the differences in ultrasonic features between benign and malignant thyroid nodules were also compared.Results The surgical and pathological findings showed that 94 nodules were benign and 157 were sinister; TI-RADS regarded 93 nodules were benign and 185 were malignant. The difference of the two means of identification was significant (χ2=149.6,P<0.01). The sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TI-RADS were 91.2% (144/157), 85.1% (80/94), 89.3% (224/251), 91.2% (144/158) and 86.0% (80/93), respectively. The ultrasonic manifestations of benign and malignant nodules were signiifcantly different with regard to aspect ratio, echogenicity, shape, calciifcation inside the nodule (χ2=8.7-121.4,P<0.01).Conclusion TI-RADS classiifcation standards have a high accuracy in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules as a means of ultrasound examination, and thus can serve as an important guiding method in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical indication and operative methods for different upper eyelid aging through perieyebrow incision.Methods We collected totally one hundred fifty-two cases in this study,including six males and 146 females,and aged from 26 to 80 years (average 47).There were 29 cases with only ptosis of upper eyelid,and the rest 123 cases were ptosis of upper eyelid with ptosis of eyebrow,sunken upper eyelid,bloated upper eyelid,or over-wide between eyebrow and eye region (compensatory eyebrow elevation).Through the incision of upper or lower margin of eyebrow,we treated these five types of upper eyelid aging by excision of redundant skin,orbicularis oculi muscle,frontal muscle,ROOF,or orbital fat,or ROOF elevation for upper eyelid rejuvenation.Results Patients were followed up for 3 to 120 months,with average 14.4 months.All ptosis of upper eyelid and over-wide between eyebrow and eye region patients were improved obviously.In 36 ptosis of upper eyelid with ptosis of eyebrow,seven of them treated with upper eyebrow margin incision got the best results;and the rest 29 patients treated with lower eyebrow margin incision,fifteen patients were lifted slightly,and the rest fourteen patients got no improvement.All scars of inferior eyebrow margin incision were invisible.Faded and applanate one millimeter wide scars were seen on two patients with superior eyebrow margin incision.In all patients with ptosis of upper eyelid,80％ patients with sunken upper eyelid were improved obviously,and 85 ％ with bloated upper eyelid were improved significantly.Conclusions Upper eyelid aging is divided into five categories.Upper eyelid aging could be corrected by perieyebrow approach.Our methods are simple,safe,fewer complications,and with short convalescence,which is the minimally invasive procedure recommended for Chinese patients with upper eyelid aging.