Humans ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; complications ; microbiology ; Silicotuberculosis ; complications ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; complications ; microbiology

Objective To explore the clinical effect of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 65 patients with gastric cancer who underwent 3D laparoscopic radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer in the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to July 2016 were collected.There were the same surgical procedure and postoperative treatment between 3D and two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer.Observation indicators:(1) surgical situations:operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissected;(2) postoperative recovery situations:time to anal exsufflation,time for semiliquid diet intake,duration of hospital stay,treatment expenses and postoperative complications;(3) postoperative pathological situations:pathological classification of gastric cancer,T stage,lymph node metastasis,TNM stage,surgical margin;(4) follow-up situations.The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect patients' survival and tumor metastasis and recurrence up to July 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Results (1) Surgical situations:all the 65 patients underwent successful 3D laparoscopic radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer and D2 lymph node dissection,without the occurrence of conversion to open surgery,intraoperative complications and perioperative death.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and number of lymph node dissected were (200± 55) minutes,(110± 80) mL and 32±7,respectively.(2) Postoperative recovery situations:time to anal exsufflation,time for semiliquid diet intake,duration of hospital stay and treatment expenses were (3.1 ± 1.0) days,(5.3 ± 1.6) days,(9.4± 3.0) days and (8.1 ± 1.3) × 104 yuan,respectively.Of 65 patients,5 had postoperative complications.One patient with anastomotic leakage underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and abdominal drainage again and then was cured.One patient with peritoneal effusion and infection was cured after catheter drainage under CT guided.One patient with delayed gastric emptying was cured after symptomatic treatment.One patient with chylous fistula was cured after short-term fast and total parenteral nutrition treatment.One patient with pulmonary infection was cured after antibiotic therapy.(3) Postoperative pathological situations:① Pathological classification of gastric cancer:high-and moderate-differentiated adenocarcinoma was detected in 30 patients,poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma in 20 patients,signet ring cell carcinoma in 11 patients,mucinous adenocarcinoma in 3 patients and papillary adenocarcinoma in 1 patient.② T stage:27,15 and 23 patients were in T1,T2 and T3 stages.③ Twenty-five patients had lymph node metastases and 40 had no lymph node metastasis.④ TNM stage:19,17,15,12 and 2 patients were in Ⅰ A,Ⅰ B,Ⅱ,Ⅲ A and Ⅲ B,respectively.R0 resection was performed to all the 65 patients,with negative surgical margin under the microscope.(4) Follow-up situations:of 65 patients,61 were followed up for 3-18 months,with a median time of 9 months.During the follow-up,there was no occurrence of surgeryrelated complications,tumor metastasis and recurrence and death.Conclusion The 3D laparoscopic radical gastrectomy of gastric cancer is safe and feasible,with a good short-term outcome.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 83 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer at the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2014 to November 2015 were collected.Forty-two patients undergoing 2D laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer between March 2014 and December 2014 were allocated into the 2D group and 41 patients undergoing 3D laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer between January 2015 and November 2015 were allocated into the 3D group.All the patients in the 2 groups underwent 2D or 3D laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer based on the principles of lymph node dissection and tumor-free survival.Observation indicators included:(1) surgical situations:operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissected,(2) postoperative recovery:recovery time of gastrointestinal function,postoperative complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay,hospital expenses,(3) postoperative pathological situations:length of colorectal specimens,distance from tumor to distal incision margin,(4) follow-up.All the patients were followed up to detect postoperative survival,tumor metastasis and recurrence using outpatient examination and telephone interview up to March 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x-± s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Count data were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Results (1) Surgical situations:all the patients underwent successful laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer,without conversion to open surgery and perioperative death.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and number of lymph node dissected were (171 ±18) minutes,(112±18)mL,14.0 ± 1.4 in the 2D group and (125 ± 13) minutes,(101 ± 16)mL,14.6 ± 0.9 in the 3D group,respectively,with statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (t =-13.091,-2.962,-3.623,P ＜0.05).(2) Postoperative recovery:recovery time of gastrointestinal function was (3.0 ± 0.6) days in the 2D group and (3.0 ± 0.6) days in the 3D group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (t =3.423,P ＞ 0.05).Incidence of postoperative complications in the 2D and 3D groups was 7.1％ (3/42) and 4.9％ (2/41),respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＞0.05).One,1,1 patients in the 2D group were respectively complicated with anastomotic fistula,intra-abdominal hemorrhage and intra-abdominal infection,1 and 1 patients in the 3D group were respectively complicated with anastomotic fistula and intestinal paralysis,and they were improved by symptomatic treatment.Duration of postoperative hospital stay and hospital expenses was (10.0 ±0.8)days,(7.0 ± 1.4) × 104 yuan in the 2D group and (10.0 ±0.6)days,(7.3 ± 1.5) x 104 yuan in the 3D group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (t =15.716,0.941,P ＞ 0.05).(3)Postoperative pathological situations:length of colorectal specimens and distance from tumor to distal incision margin were (18 ± 7) cm,(4.7 ± 0.6) cm in the 2D group and (20 ± 8) cm,(4.9 ± 0.7)cm in the 3D group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (t =0.742,1.401,P ＞0.05).(4)Follow-up:of 83 patients,82 were followed up for 5-24 months with a median time of 12 months.During the follow-up,there was no occurrence of tumor-related death and recurrence and metastasis of sites of puncture.Intra-abdominal tumor recurrence,recurrence of anastomotic tumor and tumor distant metastasis were detected in 3,2,1 patients in the 2D group and 2,1,1 patients in the 3D group,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with 2D laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer,3D laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer is safe and feasible,and it can also reduce intraoperative blood loss and increase the rate of lymph node dissected,with a good short-term outcome.

Objective To observe the anesthesia and recovery results of sevoflrane and remifentanil combined anesthesia in open or laparoscopic surgeries. Methods 60 cases of ordinary surgeries from the department of gynecology and general surgeries were included in this study with 30 cases in each group. (1)recording total sevoflurane inhalation time, muscular relaxant amount, end tidal sevoflurane concentration;(2)recording BP,HR at 10 min after induction,operation staring and ending,ventilation recovery, opening eye and extubation period;also sevoflurane concentration 5 min after stopping medicine and ventilation recovery;recording time period between surgery ending and autonomous respiration recovery , eye opening and extubation. Results No any adverse events happen in each patient.the sevoflurane inhalation time in open surgery group was (157.20 ± 47.28) min, longer than that of laparoscopic surgeries group (73.50 ± 11.23)min(P<0.05), we had seen no statistical significance in all other index observed (P>0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane combined remifentanil anesthesia can achieve stable intra-operative maintenance and rapid postoperative recovery quality , we suggest the widespread usage of it in clinic.

BACKGROUND: Properties of cancellous bone is significant for metabolic diseases, fracture and joint retrograde diseases.OBJECTIVE: To study the biomechanical properties of cancellous bone.DESIGN: Experimental observation based on femur specimens as the single sample.SETTING: Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics Ninth Affiliated Hospital Shanghai Second Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: The study was completed in the Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from May to July in 2001,totally 19 male cadaveric femoral heads were selected.METHODS: Totally 19 cadeveric cancellouce bone specimens(about 30years old) from the bearing area of fresh femur head were tested by compression test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Yield load limiting stress, limiting strain, energy value and elastic modulus of specimens.RESULTS: The compressive data of cancellous bone were measured, the average value of yield load was (410.64 ± 190.29) N , limiting stress was (8.69 ± 3.75) MPa, limiting strain was (10. 84 ±6.58)%, energy value was (2.54 ± 1.89)J, modulus of elasticity was (40.77 ± 32. 12)MPa, At the early time of loading, the cancellous bone showed elastic deformation, then CONCLUSION: The trial indicates that biomechanical properties lighten the pressure of external compression.

A miniaturized potentiometric label-free immunosensor based on the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconduction transistor(CMOS) process and micro fabrication technique was developed to monitoring diabetes, which could detect the concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and hemoglobin. This immunosensor includes a micro field-effect transistor based sensor chip integrated with signal readout circuit and a disposable probe electrode. The micro sensor chip was designed by our lab and fabricated by Chartered Semiconductor, Singapore. The disposable probe electrode, which was integrated with sensitive electrodes array and micro reaction pool, was deposited on polyester plastic based on micro fabrication techniques. Antibody of HbA1c and hemoglobin were immobilized on the electrode based on self assemble monolayer and gold nanoparticles. The characteristics of the electrode during modification were studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance technique. The response characteristic of the immunosensor was detected. HbA1c from 4 to 24 mg/L and hemoglobin from 60 to 180 mg/L can be detected by this immunosensor.

Objective To explore the in vivo killing effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields on mouse breast cancer in tumor bearing BALB/c mice. Methods Twenty four BALB/c mice models with subcutaneous EMT-6 breast cancer were prepared and divided into experimental group and control group (n=12). In experimental group, the mice were treated by the pulsed electric fields with peak voltage of 700 V/cm, rise times of 57 ns, durations of 70μs and duty ratio of 50%on the tumor tissue with two parallel electrodes under anaesthesia. One hundred pulses were given and the energy was just 9.75 J with effective action period of 7 ms. Tumor volume, animal weight and histopathologic changes after 1, 3, 5 and 7 d were observed after irreversible electroporation. Results The tumor volume in experimental group increased more slowly than that in control group, especially at the 1-3 d after treatment with a standstill. Histopathological examination results showed that the tumor tissue had obvious coagulation necrosis and tissue edema after electrical stimulation treatment, and mass vacuole like structure appeared in tumor tissue from the third day after treatment and vascular injury occurred at the early stage. Conclusions In the given field conditions, steep pulsed electric field has inhibitory effect on tumor growth. In order to achieve more ideal tumor therapy effect, further studies on steep pulse dose are needed.

Objective To investigate the reasons of tracheobronchial tuberculosis misdiagnosis and its clinical charac?teristics as well as the diagnostic value of bronchoscope. Methods Clinical data of 92 cases of misdiagnosis of tracheobron?chial tuberculosis by electronic bronchoscopy in our department from January 2006 to January 2012 were analyzed retrospec?tively. Bronchoscopy, endoscopic biopsy, brushing, lavage and radiological images were all compared. Results Clinical symptoms and laboratory tests showed no specificity in diagnostic value;Chest X-ray was not typical. Bronchial stenosis was seen in 45 cases(48.9%)and bronchial obstruction was seen in 6 cases(6.5%)as shown in chest CT while no abnormality in the bronchus was seen in 41 cases(44.6%). Bronchoscopy revealed 28 cases (30.4%) of inflammatory infiltration, 14 cas?es (15.2%) of necrotizing ulceration, 35 cases (38.0%) of granulation hyperplasia and 15 cases (16.3%) of Scar stricture. En?doscopic biopsy confirmed 56 cases (60.9%), while bronchoscopic brushing and examination of acid-fast bacillus approved 32 cases (34.8%). Then, bronchoscopic lavage of acid-fast bacillus verified 39 cases (42.4%). Lastly, tuberculosis bacterium culture ascertained 75 cases (81.5%). Conclusion Bronchoscopy of local lesion with brush, lavage and biopsy is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic method to diagnose tracheobronchial tuberculosis. It has great clinical value in preventing tracheobronchial tuberculosis misdiagnosis.

AIM:To study the effects of adiponectin on H 2 O2-induced cell injury and tau hyperphosphorylation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.METHODS:Cell viability was determined by MTT assay .H2 O2-induced cell in-jury and morphological changes in the SH-SY5Y cells with or without adiponectin treatment were observed .The level of tau phosphorylation as well as the activities of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and of glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β) were examined by Western blotting . RESULTS: Adiponectin significantly attenuated H 2 O2-induced cell injury (P<0.01).Adiponectin upregulated the activity of PP2A and decreased phosphorylation levels of tau under the stimula-tion with H2O2(P<0.01).Okadaic acid, a specific inhibitor of PP2A, blocked the protective effects of adiponectin (P<0.01).Adiponectin increased the phosphorylation level of GSK-3βat Ser9 site under H2O2stimulation (P<0.01).CON-CLUSION:Adiponectin protects SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced cell injury and decreases tau hyperphosphorylation by activating PP2A and inactivating GSK-3β.

Objective To analyze clinical features and sum up experience for the treatment of ischemic bowel disease. Methods Clinical data of 73 patients with the diagnosis of ischemic bowel disease were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsTwenty-eight patients were male and 45 patients were female. The median of age was 65 years (range of 38 to 89 years). Forty-eight patients were associated with hypertension, 23%(17/73) patients had a history of coronary disease and 15% (11/73) had diabetes. Seventy patients presented symptom of abdominal pain and 93% (68/73) had hematochezia. Symptoms relieved by conservative treatment in 96% (63/66) patients. Nine patients underwent a surgery. One patient died of sepsis postoperatively. One suffered from colostomy necrosis and leakage of the rectum segment. Conclusion 1. Elder patients presenting symptoms of abdominal pain and hematochezia, especially with a history of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and diabetes should be considered for the possibility of ischemic bowel disease. 2. Most patients with ischemic bowel disease could be successfully treated by conservative therapy. 3. Surgery for patients with chronic relapsing and nonresponsible symptoms was difficult and patients often suffer from high postoperative complications.