Sepsis is a complex systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by invasion of a varie-ty of pathogenic bacteria. The disease spectrum includes sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock and multiple organ failure. Mitochondria are referred to as “power plants”, providing energy for viscera to maintain normal func-tion. Immune disorders,the activation and release of a series of inflammatory factors,anomalies of intracellular signal transmission and oxidative stress in sepsis can induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent research suggests that mitochondrial autophagy also plays a certain role in mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews the mechanism of mitochondrial functional damage during the pathogenesis of sepsis.

Objective To study the factors affecting the functional restoration of the hip joint with femoral intertrochanteric fractures.Method44 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures were treated from Aprail 2004 to June 2006.The function of the hip joint was evaluated with the Harris hip score. Seven factors including age,sex,preoperative ASA class,preoperative time,fracture type,therapeutic measures,time of functional exercise were analyzed statistically with x2 test and logistic multiple regression with a significant difference (P

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on memory impairment in demented mice and possible molecular mechanisms.Methods Thirty Kunming nice were divided into a normal control group,a dementia group and a dementia plus exercise training group (exercise training group),10 mice/group. Dementia models were established by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine.Exercise training was begun 30 min after the injection and lasted for a 6-week period. A water maze test was performed after the exercise training. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and protein kinase (Akt) phosphorylation in the hippocampus were detected by Western blot analysis.Nitric oxide (NO) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the hippocampus were also measured.ResultsDementia models were successfully induced as indicated by prolonged escape latency in the water maze test.After exercise training the escape latency had shortened significantly and hippocanpal BDNF expression and Akt phosphorylation had increased.NO content increased and SOD activity decreased after the injections,but these effects were partially reversed after exercise training.Conclusions Exercise can improve spatial memory significantly after scopolanine-induced dementia in mice.The increased hippocampal BDNF expression and Akt phosphorylation,increased SOD activity and decreased NO content may partially explain the behavior improvement induced by exercise.

[Objective]To explore the mechanism of nucleoplasty combined with oxygen-ozone for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation，and to evaluate its therapeutic effects.[Method]From June 2005 to June 2006，62 patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated by nueleoplasty combined with oxygen-ozone，34 were male and 28 were female，ranging in age from 32 to 76 years，with an average of 53.4 years.The course of this disease ranged from 3 to 56 months，meanly 1.3 years.Thirteen patients had the herniation at L4.5 and L3，4，thirty two patients at L4、5，eight patients at L4、5 and L5S1，and nine patients at L5S1.The curative effect was assessed by using a modified MacNab method.[Result]After 25～35 months'follow-up，there were no servious complications in all 62 cases.According to modified MacNab assessment，50 cases(80.7%)achieved excellent outcomes，8 cases(12.9%)good，2 cases(3.2%)fair and 2 cases(3.2%)poor.The excellent and good rate was 93.5%.[Conclusion]The micro-invasive technique of nueleoplasty combined with oxygen-ozone is effective in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation，and it has maximized the clinical effect and minimized the local damage：it also expanded adaptive cases with lumbar disc herniation and enlarged the applicable scope of minimally invasive technique in treating lumbar disc hemiation.

A retrospective analysis was performed among 8 patients with unilateral intraarticular calcaneal fracture, who were selected from the Department of Orthopaedics in Yangpu District Central Hospital of Shanghai. They were treated with the injectable bone graft MIIG[R] X3 combined with percutaneous reduction by leverage and axial fixation from June 2005 to November 2006. After treatment, the function of affected feet was evaluated according to the ankle-hindfoot score of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (totally 100 points). All the patients were rechecked with X-ray films periodically to observe the reaction between the materials and the host, the healing of fracture, the pain of limbs and joint motion. Eight patients were all followed up, the complication rate reached 12.5% (1/8), the improvement of Bohler angle excelled 18° to 25°, and that of Gissane angle exceeded 30° to 35°. Among the included patients, 6 cases achieved excellent effect and 2 cases good. All developed the bone union. None of all had complications, such as necrosis of skin, hematoma and deep infection.

Objective To study the feasibility and effect of implantation of the biliary stent for treatment of biliary obstruction.Methods A retrospective analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure was done in 131 cases of the inpatients from Apr.2006 to Feb.2007.The 131 patients with biliary obstruction underwent successfully 138 cases/times implantation of biliary stent.The results of recession of jaudince and the rate of complication were evaluated.Results All patients were implanted biliary stent successfully.The serum total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,alkaline phosphatase,?-glutamyl transpeptidase decreased obviously in three days,and the difference was remarkable.The main complication was infection of biliary tract and pancreatitis.Conclusion Implantation of biliary stent is an effective management for biliary obstruction,especially for patients who have lost the chance of operation.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanisms of PLCεin regulating the invasion and migration of human bladder cancer cells in vitro.Methods After cells treated with recombinant adenovirus , the migratory/in-vasive abilities of T24 cells were explored by wound healing and Transwell chamber cell migration and invasion as -say;RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of PLCε;The protein levels of PLCε,PKCα,PKCβ, TBX3 and E-cadherin were determined by Western blot;QRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of TBX3 and E-cad-herin.Results It was confirmed by digesting and sequencing that the recombinant adenovirus had been constructed successfully .The expression of PLCε mRNA and PLCε protein were both decreased after the infection of Ad-shPLCε.Wound healing and Transwell chamber cell migration/invasion assay showed that Ad-shPLCε treatment could inhibit the migratory and invasive activity of bladder cancer cells(P<0.05).The results of Western blot indicated that the expression of PKCα/βin membrane decreased ( P<0.05 ) , and phosphorylation level of PKCαand PKCβwas reduced .QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression level of TBX 3 de-creased , but the expression level of E-cadherin increased .Conclusions PLCε shRNA can inhibit migratory and invasive ability of bladder cancer cells through PKCα/β/TBX3/E-cadherin pathway .

To explore the efficacy and feasibility of interstitial chemotherapy using thermosensitive gel-coated ricin in hepatoma H22-bearing mice.

AIMTo explore the effect of central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on gastric motility in rabbit and to analysis its mechanism.

METHODSIntracerebroventricular (icv) microinjection of drugs were used. The frequency and the amplitude of contractions of gastric motility were recorded.

RESULTS(1) Injection (icv) of 25 microg 5-HT increased the amplitude of contractions and decreased the frequency of gastric motility. (2) The effects of 5-HT were inhibited by injection (icv) of atropine, but intravenous(iv) injection of atropine could only block the increase effect of 5-HT on intragastric pressure. After injection (icv or iv) of phentolamine or propranolol, the effects of 5-HT on gastric motility were not changed markedly. (3) Microinjection (icv) of naloxone or diphenhydramine inhibited the inhibitory effect of 5-HT on the frequency of gastric contractions, and the diphenhydramine reversed the increase effect of 5-HT on intragastric pressure. (4) Vagotomy abolished the effects of 5-HT completely.

CONCLUSIONThere may be different nerve mechanisms in regulation of central 5-HT on the frequency and amplitude of contractions of gastric motility. The increase effect of 5-HT on intragastric pressure is medicated by the cholinergic system in brain, and histamine may be one of the important element on the effect of 5-HT. The cholinergic fibers in vagus nerve transmit the effect. The inhibitory effect of 5-HT on the frequency of contractions is also medicated by activating the cholinergic system in brain, enkephalin and histamine are also involved, and it is transmitted via noncholinergic and nonadrenergic fibers in vagus nerve.