AIM: To understand the epidemiology and related factors of strabismic amblyopia of students of primary school, and to provide guidances for the prevention and control strategy.
METHODS: A total of 600 cases of primary school students of Leshan City, Jiajiang County were given vision, oblique incidence and ocular and other screening. The prevalence rate of poor eyesight of strabismus, amblyopia prevalence rate of different sexes, ages were compared, and the degree of amblyopia and strabismus of children with different types of amblyopia and whether or not had stereoscopic vision were counted.
RESULTS: The prevalence rate of amblyopia and strabismus prevalence rate were respectively 4. 0% and 2.5%;With the growth of all age, low vision of students was significantly decreased, the difference of comparison of low vision rate of each age had statistical significance (P<0. 05), but different ages, strabismus prevalence of different sexes, amblyopia prevalence were compared, the difference had no significant differences ( P>0. 05 );Ametropic amblyopia was the main type, accounting for 55. 6%, and the degree of amblyopia mainly was light, moderate; ametropic amblyopia, most of ametropic amblyopia and strabismus had stereo vision, but there were no stereopsis of most of the strabismic amblyopia and all esotropia.
CONCLUSION:Ametropic is mainly type of amblyopia, the prevalence of relationship between the incidence of strabismic amblyopia of primary school students and sexes is not obvious, but the oblique amblyopia treatment effect, such as the establishment of stereoscopic vision and the age, eye position has a close relationship, should be early discovered, early treatment.

To investigate the anti-cardiac hypertrophic mechanism of statins, thirty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups. Rats in model group received nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) 15 mg/(kg.d) by peritoneal injection. Rats in simvastatin treatment groups were given simultaneously L-NNA as those in model group and simvastatin 5 or 30 mg/(kg.d) intragastrically respectively. Rats in control group received the same volume of normal sodium. Left ventricular function, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), the content of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in plasma and myocardium, myocardial hydroxyproline and heme oxygenase activity were determined after 6 weeks. The results showed that rats in model group developed significant cardiac hypertrophy associated with reduced left ventricular function compared with the control group. However, compared with the model group, L-NNA-induced cardiac hypertrophy of rats was significantly relieved in simvastatin treatment groups, associated with improved left ventricular function, decreased LVMI, lower BNP levels in plasma and myocardium, lower content of myocardial hydroxyproline, and increased myocardial heme oxygenase (HO) activity. In cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, simvastatin (30 or 100 mumol/L) significantly increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expression, HO activity as well as the production of CO in cardiomyocytes. Cultured with zinc protoporphyrin, a HO inhibitor, or simvastatin alone did not change [(3)H]leucine uptake of cardiomyocytes. However, cocultured with simvastatin significantly inhibited the cardiomyocyte [(3)H]leucine uptake induced by angiotensin II in a concentration-dependent manner. Cotreatment with zinc protoporphyrin significantly abolished the suppressive effect of simvastatin on cardiomyocyte [(3)H]leucine uptake. These data suggest that the activation of HO-1/CO pathway may be one of the important mechanisms by which statins inhibit cardiac hypertrophy caused by hypertension.
Angiotensins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Cardiomegaly ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Cell Enlargement ; drug effects ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Hypertension ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Simvastatin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Objectives:To investigate the clinical efficacy and influencing factors on clinical outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on cardiac arrest patients due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods:The clinical data of 37 cardiac arrest patients post AMI who underwent ECMO combined with emergency PCI therapy strategies from January 2015 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data of the surviving group (17 cases) and the death group (20 cases) were compared and the outcome determinants were investigated. Results:37 patients were successfully treated with emergency PCI with the help of ECMO device, and the successful operation rate was 100%. The survival rate was 45.9% (17/37). There was no significant difference in gender, age and past history between the two groups (P＞0.05). The proportion of right coronary artery lesion was the highest (47.06%) in the surviving group, and the percent of the left anterior descending coronary artery lesion was the highest (60.00%) in the death group. Most patients (70.0%) in the death group had three vessel lesions and around half the patients (52.9%) in the surviving group had two-vessel lesions. The time of traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation ([31.4±5.2] min vs [54.6±25.7] min),the time from cardiac arrest to ECMO ([47.5±19.5] h vs [93.6±60.5] h) were significantly shorter, while CCU time (16.0[8.7, 32.6] d vs 4.0[2.0, 12.0] d) was significantly longer in the surviving group compared to the death group (all P＜0.05). The mean arterial pressure at 24 h and 48 h after ECMO was significantly higher in the surviving group (89.6±21.9,87.9±19.4) than in the death group (71.8±19.3, 63.7±18.6) (both P＜0.05). Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that left anterior descending artery lesion (OR=0.723, 95%CI:0.516~0.947), higher lesion vessel number (OR=1.638,95%CI:1.107~1.729), longer cardiopulmonary resuscitation time (OR=0.712, 95%CI:0.436~0.973), prolonged cardiac arrest to ECMO placement time (OR=0.698, 95%CI:0.411~0.859) were risk factors of death, and the higher MBP at 48 h after ECMO (OR=0.672,95%CI:0.326~0.693) was the protective factor of death (all P＜0.05) in this patient cohort. Conclusions:ECMO combined with emergency PCI is safe and can improve the success rate of rescue in patients with cardiac arrest after acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUNDThe cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2) is important for bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of CB2 selective antagonist (AM630) on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclast differentiation and the underlying signaling pathway using a monocyte-macrophage cell line-RAW264.7.

METHODSRAW264.7 was cultured with RANKL for 6 days and then treated with AM630 for 24 hours. Mature osteoclasts were measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining using a commercial kit. Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done to examine the expression of RANK, cathepsin K (CPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylation of ERK (P-ERK) and NF-κB production were tested by Western blotting. The effect of AM630 on RAW264.7 viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay.

RESULTSAM630 did not affect the viability of RAW264.7. However, this CB2 selective antagonist markedly inhibited osteoclast formation and the inhibition rate was dose-dependent. The dose of ≥ 100 nmol/L could reduce TRAP positive cells to the levels that were significantly lower than the control. AM630 suppressed the expression of genes associated with osteoclast differentiation and activation, such as RANK and CPK. An analysis of a signaling pathway showed that AM630 inhibited the RANKL-induced activation of ERK, but not NF-κB.

CONCLUSIONAM630 could inhibit the osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 induced with RANKL.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; pharmacology ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as the severity of coronary lesions, and its clinical significance.

METHODS42 patients with CHD and 36 patients excluding CHD (control) were studied. Total mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and were cultured in M199 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 50 ng/ml vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). After 14 days cultured, the numbers of colony-forming units of EPCs were counted by phase-contrast microscope. The relationship between the number of colony-forming units of EPCs and the risk factors of CHD (such as age, gender, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, smoking, positive family history of CHD) as well as the severity of coronary lesions were assessed.

RESULTSThe number of risk factors of CHD was significantly correlated with a reduction of EPCs levels (r = -0.436, P = 0.014). Smoking was associated with significantly lower EPCs levels, whereas a minor but nonsignificant reduction of EPCs levels was detected in the presence of gender, hypertension, and a positive family history of CHD. It was observed that low density lipoprotein (LDL) and uric acid were negatively correlated with the number of colony-forming units of circulating EPCs (P < 0.05). A correlation existed between age, high density lipoprotein, apoprotein A and levels of circulating EPCs, however, this relation was not statistically significant. The number of colony-forming units of circulating EPCs in CHD groups was significantly lower than those in control group (12.8 +/- 6.34 versus 37.0 +/- 5.5, P < 0.001); and the circulating EPCs level of coronary artery lesion group (including single, double, triple vessels disease) was significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0. 01).

CONCLUSIONSThe level of circulating EPCs was inversely associated with the risk factor scores of CHD and the severity of coronary artery lesion. These finding imply that endothelial injury in the absence of sufficient circulating EPCs may affect the degree of the heart disorder and the clinical situation.

Aged ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; pathology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Stem Cells ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo summarize the surgical effect and clinical application value of esophagectomy with extended 2-field lymph node dissection for patients with esophageal carcinoma.

METHODSFrom June 1987 to December 2008, 1690 patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy with extended 2-field (thoracic and abdominal) dissection of lymph nodes. Patients with the middle and lower thoracic esophageal cancer underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy, and patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer underwent Akiyama esophagectomy. 2-field (thoracic and abdominal) lymph node metastases information and the 1, 3, 5, 10-year survival rates were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSLymph node metastases were found in 713 patients. The lymph node metastases rate was 42.2% (713/1690).Thoracic lymph node metastasis rate was 39.3% (665/1690), among which in the right pleural apical para-tracheal triangle was 20.7% (349/1690), in the posterior upper mediastinum was 26.3% (444/1690), in the lower mediastinum was 18.2% (307/1690). Abdominal lymph node metastasis rate was 20.1% (339/1690). THE Postoperative complication rate was 16.4% (278/1690), among which the pulmonary complication rate ranking the first, was 43.6% (136/312). The operative mortality rate was 0.2%. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 88.2% (1388/1574), 63.5% (868/1367), 54.8% (705/1287) and 30.8% (232/754), respectively. The 5-year survival rate in patients without lymph node metastasis was 76.2% (448/588), but that in patients with lymph node metastases was 36.8% (257/669).

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study demonstrated that Ivor-Lewis and Akiyama esophagectomy with two-field lymph node dissection exposes the operation fields clearly and make radical lymphadenectomy thoroughly, especially the lymph nodes in the posterior upper mediastinum around the recurrent laryngeal nerve and in the right pleural apical para-tracheal triangle. It is essential that patients with esophageal carcinoma with lymph node metastases should undergo esophagectomy with extended 2-field dissection of lymph nodes. This can elevate the postoperative 5-year survival rate remarkably.

Adenocarcinoma ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; adverse effects ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUNDCurrent randomized trials have demonstrated the effects of short-term rosuvastatin therapy in preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI). However, the consistency of these effects on patients administered different volumes of contrast media is unknown.

METHODSIn the TRACK-D trial, 2998 patients with type 2 diabetes and concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD) who underwent coronary/peripheral arterial angiography with or without percutaneous intervention were randomized to short-term (2 days before and 3 days after procedure) rosuvastatin therapy or standard-of-care. This prespecified analysis compared the effects of rosuvastatin versus standard therapy in patients exposed to (moderate contrast volume [MCV], 200-300 ml, n = 712) or (high contrast volume [HCV], ≥ 300 ml, n = 220). The primary outcome was the incidence of CIAKI. The secondary outcome was a composite of death, dialysis/hemofiltration or worsened heart failure at 30 days.

RESULTSRosuvastatin treatment was associated with a significant reduction in CIAKI compared with the controls (2.1% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.050) in the overall cohort and in patients with MCV (1.7% vs. 4.5%, P = 0.029), whereas no benefit was observed in patients with HCV (3.4% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.834). The incidence of secondary outcomes was significantly lower in the rosuvastatin group compared with control group (2.7% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.049) in the overall cohort, but it was similar between the patients with MCV (2.0% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.081) or HCV (5.1% vs. 8.8%, P = 0.273).

CONCLUSIONSPeriprocedural short-term rosuvastatin treatment is effective in reducing CIAKI and adverse clinical events for patients with diabetes and CKD after their exposure to a moderate volume of contrast medium.

Acute Kidney Injury ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Aged ; Contrast Media ; adverse effects ; Female ; Fluorobenzenes ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; Sulfonamides ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE(99m)Tc-[bis (dimethoxypropylphosphinoethyl)-ethoxyethylamine (PNP5)]-[bis (N-ethoxyethyl)-dithiocarbamate (DBODC)] nitride ([(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+)) is a new myocardial perfusion tracer with high heart uptake and rapid liver clearance. The objectives of this study were to compare the myocardial imaging of [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) with (99m)Tc-MIBI in a canine model of acute myocardial ischemia.

METHODSThe left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded in 12 adult beagle dogs, adenosine was then infused intravenously at a rate of 0.14 mg.kg(-1).min(-1) for 6 min. At the end of 3 min of adenosine infusion, 185 MBq of [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) or (99m)Tc-MIBI was injected intravenously. The occluder was released after 6 min adenosine infusion. Serial myocardial SPECT imaging acquisitions were obtained at 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h after tracer injection, respectively. Rest myocardial SPECT imaging was acquired in the next day.

RESULTSSimilar as (99m)Tc-MIBI, [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) exhibited high heart uptake, minimal lung uptake and minimal redistribution. No significant myocardial washout was observed with both tracers over a period of 2 hours. [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) clearance from the liver was more rapid than that with (99m)Tc-MIBI (heart-liver radio at 60 min, 1.36 +/- 0.43 vs. 0.58 +/- 0.21, P = 0.005). [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) the ability to detect myocardial ischemia was also comparable between the two tracers ([(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) detected 3.60 +/- 1.52 defect segments, (99m)Tc-MIBI detected 4.25 +/- 0.96 defect segments, P = 0.48). The image quality of [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) was better than (99m)Tc-MIBI.

CONCLUSION[(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) is comparable to (99m)Tc-MIBI on detecting myocardial ischemia in this model and liver clearance is more rapid and the image quality is better than (99m)Tc-MIBI.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; diagnostic imaging ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Objective Large sample data of HPV genotyping on anus and anal canal condyloma acuminata (CA) tissue were rarely reported in China.This study is aimed to investigate the clinical value of the distribution of different kinds of genotype of human papillomavirus within regional (mainly in Jiangsu Province)patients of both male and female with anus and anal canal condyloma acuminata(CA).Methods We collected tissue specimens from 326 male and female patients with anus and anal canal condyloma acuminata(CA) from 4 hospitals in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces from August 1985 to July 2017.HPV DNA was extracted and through the combination of gene chip and polymerase chain reaction technology,23 genotypes of HPV were detected.Results Among 179 male cases,136 were found with HPV.The total HPV detection rate was 75.98％(136/179),and of which,single genotype detection rate was 55.31％ (99/179) while multiple genotypes detection rate was 20.67％ (37/179).Meanwhile,in the 147 female cases,108 cases with HPV represented the total HPV detection rate of 73.47％ (108/147),of which single genotype detection rate was 48.79％ (72/147) and multiple genotypes detection rate was 24.49％ (36/147).342 were detected for all the genotype frequency totally and the low-risk HPV genotype was appered for 267 times while 75 times for high-risk HPV in this term.Among all the genotypes,6,11,16,18 took the top 4 respectively.Conclusion Among the regional (mainly in Jiangsu Province) male and female cases with anus and anal canal (CA),HPV 6,11,16,18 were the most common types.HPV was mostly distributed in the population of male younger than 30 years old.

A major impedance to neuronal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury(PNI)is the activation of various programmed cell death mechanisms in the dorsal root ganglion.Ferroptosis is a form of pro-grammed cell death distinguished by imbalance in iron and thiol metabolism,leading to lethal lipid peroxidation.However,the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in the context of PNI and nerve regeneration remain unclear.Ferroportin(Fpn),the only known mammalian nonheme iron export protein,plays a pivotal part in inhibiting ferroptosis by maintaining intracellular iron homeostasis.Here,we explored in vitro and in vivo the involvement of Fpn in neuronal ferroptosis.We first delineated that reactive oxygen species at the injury site induces neuronal ferroptosis by increasing intracellular iron via accelerated UBA52-driven ubiquitination and degradation of Fpn,and stimulation of lipid peroxidation.Early administration of the potent arterial vasodilator,hydralazine(HYD),decreases the ubiquitination of Fpn after PNI by binding to UBA52,leading to suppression of neuronal cell death and significant ac-celeration of axon regeneration and motor function recovery.HYD targeting of ferroptosis is a promising strategy for clinical management of PNI.