Objective: To observe the protective effect of Silybin Capsules (SC) on mice hepatic toxic injury induced by isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and rifampin (RFP) when used in combination Methods: The serum level of ALT, liver index, contents of glutathion (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of microsomal cytochrome P450 and its isoform P4502E1 in liver were measured. Results: SC obviously inhibited the rising of liver index, serum ALT, liver MDA and the activity of microsomal cytochrom P450 and its isoform P4502E1, and increased the liver GSH. Histopathological examination showed that Silibinin Capsules evidently alleviated the condition of the degeneration of hepatic cells and that of necrosis. Conclusion: The protective effect of SC on mice hepatic injury induced by both IIVit and RFP may be related to stabilizing the liver membrane, inhibiting the the lipid peroxidation, scavenging the free radical and decreasing the activity drug metabolizing enzyme.

Objective To explore the status of critical thinking ability and self-directed learning competence and its relationship among nursing students,so as to provide reference for nursing education reformation in military medical university.Methods A total of 161 nursing students were investigated with Selfdirected Learning Competence Scale and Chinese Version of the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI-CV).Then,analysed the relationship between them.Results The average score of self-directed learning competence of nursing students was (168.77 ± 17.78),and critical thinking ability average score was (305.85 ±32.01 ),and every dimension score was more than 40.Nursing students' self-directed learning competence was positively correlated with critical thinking ability (r=0.611,P＜0.01 ).Conclusions The students who have higher self-dirceted learning competence always get stronger critical thinking ability.To improve nursing students' self-directed learning competence may help enhancing their critical thinking.

Objective To investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast sclerosing adenosis (SA).Methods Preoperative sonography in 32 SA,99 invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC),51 ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) and 64 fibroadenoma(FA) confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average age of SA group was younger than IDC and DCIS groups',but older than FA group's (P ＜0.05).The focal maximum diameter of SA group was the smallest among all(P ＜0.05).All the SA sonograms showed solid hypoechoic lesions,with spiculate margin was less than IDC group and larger than DCIS and FA groups (P ＜0.05).Similar ultrasonic characteristics,such as irregular shape,unclear border,acoustic halos were seen in SA and DCIS groups (P ＞0.05),while IDC group showed the highest rate and FA group had the least(P ＜0.05).SA masses' uneven internal echo,calcification,posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than FA group(P ＜0.05),but less than IDC and DCIS groups(P ＞0.05).Meanwhile,A/T ratios(≥0.7) were higher than DCIS and FA groups,but less than IDC group(P ＞0.05).In addition,SA group had a similar detection rate of the internal blood flow with FA group(P ＞0.05),but less than the IDC and DCIS groups(P ＜0.05).Conelusions Ultrasonography has a significant clinical value in diagnosis and differential breast sclerosing adenosis.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasonic diagnosis on cervical lymph nodes metastasis regions and characteristics in thyroid carcinoma.Methods Ultrasound image of 290 patients with thyroid carcinoma were analyzed restrospectively.The cervical lymph node metastasis regions diagnosed by ultrasonography were compared with histopathologic results,and the ultrasound characteristics of metastasis lymph nodes were assessed.Results Among 290 patients,167 cases with cervical lymph node metastasis were comfirmed by pathology (57.6％),and 185 cases were detected by pre-operative ultrasound (63.8％).The region of thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastasis comfirmed by histopathology was most commonly the central region (54.1％),followed by the lateral neck (20.7％).The diagnostic rate of central region lymph node metastatic by pre-operative ultrasound was only 31.7％,which was sharply lower than that of lateral region (57.6％,P ＜0.05).However,the diagnostic specificity (72.8 ％) was apparently higher than lateral region (35.9％,P ＜0.05).The ultrasonic characteristics of metastatic cervical lymph nodes included rounded shape,absence of echogenic hilus,presence of calcitication,hyperechogenicity and cystic change.Conclusions The cervical central region is the predominant region for thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastasis,and ultrasound diagnosis on central region lymph node metastasis possesses positive specificity but negative sensitivity.Improving ultrasound diagnostic accuracy on central lymph nodes metastasis would be of important clinical significance.

Objective To investigate the results of the language rehabilitation through the evaluation of the language comprehension of 75 cases of severe to profound pre -lingually deaf adolescents with cochlear implants . Methods Using evaluation criteria and methods on hearing and speech ability in deafened childrenas a test mate-rial ,and analyzed the outcome of the language comprehension test .Results The comprehension ability of entire pa-tients increased significantly as time went by .The entire comprehension ability was 0 .75y ,1 .45y ,2 .23y ,3 .08y before operations ,and 3 ,6 ,12 months after operations .The younger ,the more significant the improvements .There was no significant difference in rehabilitation outcomes in genders and wearing no hearing aids .Conclusion Cochlear implants can improve the comprehension ability of pre -lingual deaf adolescents ,and the longer they use implants , the better the results .If being implanted at younger age ,the improvement will be more significant .Patients who were beyond the best age were advised to get implant as soon as possible .

OBJECTIVE:To screen formulation of Insulin cream and to investigate the effects of insulin cream on wound healing in rabbits.METHODS:The best formulation of insulin cream was selected from 8 kinds of formulations with appearance and stability as index.Rabbit trauma model were induced and divided into matrix group,blank group,Insulin cream groups(high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose).Wound healing rate and healing time were compared among those groups.RESULTS:The fifth formulation possessed good appearance and stability,which included albolene,cetanol,glycerin monostearate,glycerol,etc.Compared with matrix group,the wound healing rates were obviously increased at different time points in Insulin cream groups(P

This study tested the effects of the gastrointestinal pulse train electrical stimulation with different parameters and at different locations on the neuronal activities of the lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) in obese rats in order to find the optimal stimulation parameter and location. Eight gastric electrical stimulations (GES) with different parameters were performed and the neuronal activities of gastric-distension responsive (GD-R) neurons in LHA were observed. The effects of stimulations with 8 parameters were compared to find the optimal parameter. Then the optimal parameter was used to perform electrical stimulation at duodenum and ileum, and the effects of the duodenal and ileac stimulation on the GD-R neurons in LHA were compared with the gastric stimulation of optimal parameter. The results showed that GES with the lowest energy parameter (0.3 ms, 3 mA, 20 Hz, 2 s on, 3 s off) activated the least neurons. The effects of GES with other parameters whose pulse width was 0.3 ms were not significantly different from those of the lowest energy parameter. Most gastric stimulations whose pulse width was 3 ms activated more LHA neurons than the smallest energy parameter stimulation, and the effects of those 3 ms gastric stimulations were similar. Accordingly, the lowest energy parameter was recognized as the optimal parameter. The effects of stimulations with the optimal parameter at stomach, duodenum and ileum on the LHA neuronal activities were not different. Collectively, gastrointestinal electrical stimulation (GIES) with relatively large pulse width might have stronger effects to the neuronal activities of GD-R neurons in LHA of obese rats. The effects of the GIES at different locations (stomach, duodenum and ileum) on those neurons are similar, and GES is preferential because of its easy clinical performance and safety.

BACKGROUNDPodocyte has inflammatory role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), an anti-inflammatory agent, can suppress macrophage infiltration and reduce renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), another renal protecting agent, can decrease podocyte loss in DN. In this study, we detected the expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and nephrin to evaluate podocyte's role in inflammatory reaction in DN, observe and compare the effect of MMF alone and in combination with valsartan, on preventing podocyte loss in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

METHODSDiabetic model was constructed in uninephrectomized male Wistar rats by single peritoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg). The successfully induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups: diabetes without treatment group (DM), valsartan treated group (DMV), MMF treated group (DMM), and combined therapy group (DMVM). Normal rats of the same sibling were chosen as control (NC). At the end of the 8th week, serum biochemistry, 24-hour urinary protein (UP) and the ratio of kidney weight/body weight (RWK/B) were measured. The rats were sacrificed for the observation of renal histomorphology through light and electron microscope. Nephrin, desmin and MCP-1 levels were detected by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical assays. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of nephrin and MCP-1.

RESULTSCompared with group NC, serum glucose level, 24-hour UP and RWK/B in group DM were significantly higher (P < 0.01), and the nephrin mRNA level in DM group was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The nephrin mRNA expression levels in group DMV, DMM and DMVM were all higher than that of DM group (P < 0.05) and no significant differences were found among the three treatment groups (P > 0.05). Treatment with MMF, valsartan or their combination could significantly decrease the 24-hour UP and RWK/B, and suppress glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrotic lesions in diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, the high expressions of desmin and MCP-1 in kidney were suppressed by valsartan, MMF or their combination.

CONCLUSIONSPodocytes are involved in the inflammatory reaction of diabetic rats. MMF could suppress MCP-1 and desmin expression, enhance nephrin expression, and attenuate proteinuria in diabetic rats. The combined therapy of valsartan and MMF did not show any superiority over monotherapies on renal protection. MMF may have renoprotective effect in early stages of diabetic nephropathy through preventing podocytes loss and anti-inflammatory activity.

Animals ; Chemokine CCL2 ; analysis ; Desmin ; analysis ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; analysis ; Mycophenolic Acid ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Podocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tetrazoles ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Valine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Valsartan

In order to prove the feasibility of preparation of the drug-incorporated stent by immersing stent wires in the monoclonal antibody (mAb) solution, fluorescence stain and image analysis were used to evaluate the L-PLA-coated stent. Absorption was measured using a radioisotope technique after preparing the mAb-incorporated stent, and the absorption curve was determined from the absorption data. In an in vitro perfusion circuit, the antibody was eluted from the stent matrices, and the related influence factors were evaluated based on the release data.
Absorption ; Alloys ; chemistry ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; chemistry ; immunology ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Graft Occlusion, Vascular ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; chemistry ; immunology ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ; immunology ; Polymers ; analysis ; chemistry ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the curative effect of surgical treatment of drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis.

METHODSFrom March 2005 and April 2009, the clinical data of 60 patients with drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed. Including 36 males and 24 females; aged from 5 to 79 years with an average of 47.3 years. Thirty-four patients had neurological deficits, among them, 2 cases were grade A, 5 cases were grade B, 13 cases were grade C, 14 cases were grade D according to ASIA standard. According to the severity and location of the infection, the patients underwent anterior, posterolateral costotransversectomy or posterior debridement and bone grafting and internal fixation. The antituberculous chemotherapy for a total of 12 to 18 months was guided by conventional and genotypic drug susceptibility testing. Tubercular relapse, neurological function, spinal fusion were observed by ASIA grade, X-ray and CT scan.

RESULTSAll cases were followed up from 1 to 5 years with an average of 3.1 years. Recurrence was found in 2 cases who were cured after second operation. 34 cases with neurological deficits recovered totally or partially. X-ray or CT films showed spinal fusion in 57 patients.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of individuall operative options is good in treating drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis after antituberculous chemotherapy based on conventional and genotypic drug susceptibility testing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium ; drug effects ; genetics ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; surgery ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; surgery ; Young Adult