Recently,the detection of circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in peripheral blood is used in clinical practice as a form of‘ liquid biopsy’. The self-seeding mechanism of CTCs provides a novel approach to explore the growing mechanism of malignant tumor and developing corresponding targeting therapies. A decade ago,the CellSearch system, which can capture and enumerate CTCs,has been validated by Food and Drug Administration( FDA)as an aid for monitoring the relapse of tumor after radical operation in patients with breast,prostate and colorectal cancer. In recent years,although the separation and detection technique of CTCs has been promoted significantly,the clinical significance of CTCs in tumors of digestive system is still under investigation. This article reviewed the research progress of peripheral blood CTCs in digestive system tumors.

Objective To study the difference of in vitro drug susceptibility test of biomembrane-producing Klebsiella pneumoni-ae to provide accurate drug reference for clinical treatment.Methods The drug susceptibility test was carried out in clinically isola-ted and screened16 strains of biomembrane-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae by K-B paper diffusion method ,and the results at 24 , 48 ,72 h were recorded.Then the strains were reproduced for several generations until not producing biofilm.Then the above opera-tions were taken again.Finally ,the results of twice drug susceptibility tests were performed the contrastive analysis.Results The mm number of inhibition zone of biomembrane-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae at 24 h had statistical difference compared with that at 48 ,72 h(P<0.05).Conclusion When the in vitro drug susceptibility test of biomembrane-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is conducted by K-B paper diffusion method ,it is suitable to report the results after 48 h ,this has a certain reference value for pre-venting this bacterium.

Bone morphogenetic protein is a key regulation factor in osteoplast cell differentiation and bone formation.It takes a role of differentiation inducting and orientating by modulating the transcription factor and through some unknown signal transduction pathway,and its expression and function can be adjusted by signal transducting system and specific acceptor inhibiter.This article reviews the research progresses on the aspects.

In recent years, monoclonal antibody comes to be a new and promising kind of treatment mode for malignant lymphoma, because of its advantages, such as target property, minimal residual of tumor cell in vivo and little side effect. The main methods include single agent therapy, combination with chemothera-py, combination with immunotoxin, radioimmunotherapy and etc.

Objective Inaccurate dosing is an important cause of medical malpractice, how to adjust the medication dose to overcome the excessive deviation will be discussed in this paper. Methods Gold zone method was proposed on the basis of the probability theory and mathematical statistics for handling inaccurate dosing problems. Investigation and study in large sample size was carried out on adverse reactions of Cefamandole Nafate for Injection by adopting the method. Results The conclusions from the super large sample size test indicate that there is highly significant difference of total adverse reaction rates between taking values within and outside golden zone of dosage, and the adverse reaction rate of taking values within golden zone is significantly lower than that of outside golden zone. It is noteworthy that when dosage was lower than golden zone,the adverse reaction rate was significantly increased,which is more than 4 times of that within golden zone. Conclusion It is effective measures and simply and easy to apply that taking values within golden zone of dosage reduce adverse drug reactions,probability within golden zone less than 1/4 range of experience that contains the actual demand of the body up to 70%.

Acupuncture Therapy ; trends ; China ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; trends

Education, Dental ; Oral Medicine ; education ; manpower

Objective: To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract from Taraxaci Herba (AETH) on postprandial blood glucose (PBG) in diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) and to explore the mechanism. Methods: The PBG within 120 min was measured after 7 d ig administration of AETH (400, 200, and 100 mg/kg) in normal rats and diabetic model rats induced by STZ, and ELISA was performed to detect the serum insulin of rats in each group. The euglycemic clamp assay was performed to investigate the effect of AETH (400 mg/kg) on the insulin sensitivity in normal rats, and the glucose infusion rate (GIR) was detected. The 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) against α-glucosidase was measured in vitro, using pNPG as substrate. Caco-2 cells were preincubated for 72 h with AETH (200 and 100 mg/L), and then the capacities of Caco-2 monolayer on maltose hydrolysis and glucose absorption were measured. Results: The 7 d ig administration of AETH decreased the PBG significantly in diabetic rats induced by STZ, but had no effect on serum insulin level and GIR. AETH inhibited α-glucosidase in vitro, and the IC50 was higher than that of acarbose. AETH (200 mg/L) inhibited the capacities of Caco-2 monolayer on both maltose hydrolysis and glucose absorption. Conclusion: AETH has the hypoglycemic effect on PBG in diabetic rats, and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of maltose hydrolysis and glucose absorption in small bowel.

Objective: To investigate the changes of alpha adrenergic receptors (α-AR) mRNA expression in heart and mesenteric artery in autonomic dysreflexia (AD) rats after spinal cord transection, so as to explore the possible mechanism of AD. Methods: The spinal cord of rats was exposed and the fourth thoracic spinal cord was transected; 4 weeks later, rats' rectum was stimulated by self-made catheter and those with a mean arterial blood pressure increased by more than 15 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) were chosen as AD group (n=16). Heart and mesenteric arteries along with their branches were harvested. mRNA expression of α1A-, α1B-, α1D-, α2A-, α2B- and α2C-AR was quantified by real time PCR and the result was compared with that in sham-operated group (the fourth thoracic spinal cord was exposed but not transected). Results: Compared with sham-opera ted group, rats in AD group had a lower expression of α1A-AR mRNA (P<0.05) and α1B-AR mRNA (P<0.01) in their heart, but the expression of α1D-AR mRNA had no obvious change. Also, rats in AD group had a higer expression of α1A-, α1D-, α2B-AR mRNA (all P<0.01) and α2C-AR mRNA (P<0.05) in their mesentric artery, but α1B- and α2A-AR mRNA expression had no obvious change. Conclusion: AD may occur in the chronic stage of spinal cord transection in rats. The abnormal expression of α1A- and α1B-AR mRNA in the heart and α1A-, α1D-, α2B- and α2C-AR mRNA in the mesenteric artery may be related to AD.

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