Micromonospora distributes extensively in environment. But most of them have not been known because the limitation of isolation and taxonomic approach. The phenotypic information such as morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics have been applied widely in the taxonomy of Micromonospora. The functions of molecular methods become more and more important in the taxonomy of Micromonospra accompanying with the development of the polyphasic taxonomy. Micromonospora is one of the most important sources in finding new bioactive compounds, some of them can yield antibiotics, such as gentamicins, rafomicins and newmicins, some of them can degrade natural rubber and fibrin. It indicated in recent years’ study that some bioactive compounds with particular chemical construction could be found from Micromonospora. These compounds can identify cancer cells and kill them effectively.

Objective To evaluate the effect of TBL (team-based learning) method in pharmacology teaching for the foreign students of clinical medicine. Methods In the course of pharmacology teaching of the foreign students of clinical medicine, TBL method was performed in the 2012-year students and tradi-tional teaching method was performed in the 2011-year students. After the teaching, students' grades in the ordinary performance, their final exam scores and their evaluation of the two teaching methods were com-pared. Graph pad 5 was used to analyze the data and the t test was performed. Results The average ordi-nary performance of the students with TBL was significantly higher than that with the traditional teaching [(84.94 ±12.66) vs. (72.30 ±4.90), P=0.000] and the final examination scores were significantly im-proved [(74.00±6.76) vs. (69.00±6.20), P=0.023]. The survey showed students were more satisfied with the TBL teaching mode than traditional teaching mode [(8.40±0.71) vs. (7.12±1.07), P=0.000]. Conclusion TBL teach-ing mode can effectively improve the pharmacology teaching effect of foreign students.

Objective To study the roles of Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)in the progress of pulmo-nary infection with candida glabrata in experimental mice .Methods The mice were divided into three groups ,the control group (group A) ,mice infected with candida glabrata(group B)and immunosuppressive mice infected with candida glabrata(group C) .6 mice in each group were killed at 1st and 3rd day after the success in pulmonary infection with candida glabrata .The lung tissues from each group were collected for pathological analysis and PT-PCR to detect the expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 .Protein TNF alpha(TNF-α)level was measured by ELISA method .Results The pathological analysis showed the structure was normal and there was no inflammatory reaction in lungs in group A .The infiltration of inflammatory cells ,weak injuries but no conidia or hyphae in lungs were found in group B .Most of the alveolar collapse and severe damage ,part of the expansion ,a large number of in-flammatory cells infiltration ,accompanying with conidia and hyphae accumulation were observed in group C .The expression levels of TLR2 mRNA and TNF-αprotein in mice lungs at the 1st day and the 3rd day in group C were significantly higher than in group A and B(P<0 .05) ,while group B was higher than group A(P<0 .05);The expression levels of TLR2 ,TLR4 mRNA and TNF-αprotein in group C at the 3rd day was higher than the 1st day(P<0 .01) ,meanwhile ,the expression of TLR4 was higher than in group A(P<0 .05) .Conclusion TNF-αand TLR2 expression maybe involve in the infection and process of candida glabrata ,and TLR4 may play a synergistic effect .

Objective To investigate the differentiated thyroid carcinoma diagnosis and treatment options. Methods From Feb. 2002 to Jan. 2008,78 patients received different surgical resection regarding the type of tumor size,number of tumor,ages and jugular lymphatic metastasis. Patients with unilateral differentiated thyroid carcinoma underwent the resection of ipsilateral isthmus of thyroid lobe or plus partial contralateral gland,and those with bilateral-lobe underwent total thyroidectomy or near-total thyroidectomy. High-risk patients (age >45 years,tumor size >4 cm,tumor size ≤4 cm,but surpass the envelop of thyroid) were performed by functional neck dissection or lymph node dissection of central region (Ⅵ area) besides postoperative endocrine therapy. Results Eleven cases underwent the resection of ipsilateral lobe with isthmus, 19 cases underwent surgical removal of ipsilateral lobe with isthmus plus partial contralateral gland,26 cases underwent near-total thyroidectomy and 22 total thyroidectomy. 25 cases underwent functional neck dissection, 23 cases underwent neck dissection of central region. There were 68 papillary thyroid carcinoma (87. 18%), 10 follicular thyroid carcinoma (12. 82%). There were 26 cases with lymphatic metastasis of Ⅵ area. Postoperative complications included 12 cases (15.38%) with deadlimb caused by hypocalcemia, 8 cases (10.26%) with transient recurrent nerve paralysis,2 cases (2.56%) with permanent injury of recurrent laryngeal nerves, 3 cases (3. 58%) with chylous fistula. Seventy-four(94. 87%) cases were followed up postoperatively for a period from 6 months to 6 years,which showed that no death occurred,but 6 relapsed with jugular lymphatic metastasis,after reoperation no distant metastasis occurred. Survival rate was 97. 30% (72/74). Conclusion Treatment of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma should be based on the size of tumor,number of tumor,age and jugular lymphatic metastasis. Lymph node dissection of central region was necessary for high-risk patients of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To compare the clinical value of three-dimensional dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D DCE MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases in suspected case of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).Methods Radiological findings of 91 suspected BCS cases obtained from 3D DCE MRA and DSA in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.DSA test was considered as golden standard,which assess the capacity of 3D DCE MRA in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases,including sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.Kappa test was utilized to compare the coincidence ratio of 3D DCE MRA and DSA in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases.Results Among 91 suspected BCS cases with 3D DCE MRA,a total of 17 cases without inferior vena cava diseases were misdiagnosed as inferior vena cava stenosis,two patients with inferior vena caval obstruction was misdiagnosed as falsely negative.Seventy-two patients with 3D DCE MRA were confirmed via DSA in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases,sensitivity was up to 97.7％ (58/60),false positivity 54.8％ (17/31),specificity 45.2％ (14/31),respectively.Fair coincidence ratio of 3D DCE MRA and DSA in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases (Kappa =0.474,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There could be clinical value of 3D DCE MRA for its high sensitivity and low specificity in diagnosing inferior vena cava diseases,and favorable coincidence ratio was discovered between 3D DCE MRA and DSA.Comprehensive consideration is needed for suspected cases of inferior vena cava stenosis detected by 3D DCE MRA,and further analysis may figure out potential causes of misdiagnosis and decline false positive events.

Objective To investigate the apoptosis induced by adenovirus mediated PML growth suppressor in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. Methods Human full-length PML cDNA was cloned into shuttle plasmid pSGCMV, the constructed plasmid containing PML gene was co-transfected into 293 cells together with backbone plasmid pPE3 to obtain recombinant adenovirus Ad-pml. Ad-pml was used to infect SGC-7901 cells. The expression of p53 and bcl-2 in SGC-7901 cells and qualitative, quantitative index of cell apoptosis were detected with MTT, flow cytometry and immunohistochemical method. Results The growth of SGC-7901 cells was inhibited and the apoptosis rate was increased by adenovirus mediated PML in a MOI- dependent manner. The expression of p53 protein was increased and that of bcl-2 protein was unchanged in SGC-7901 cells after treated with adenovirus mediated PML. Conclusions Adenovirus mediated PML exerts its cytotoxic effect on SGC-7901 cells by inducing apoptosis. The increase of p53 protein expression is the mechanism inducing gastric cancer cell apoptosis.

The NF-kappaB pathway regulates the expression of over 150 target genes, e.g., cytokines, chemokines, leukocyte adhesion molecules and inducible effector enzymes. Consequently, it plays a crucial role in innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammatory response, stress responses, apoptosis and so on. IkappaB kinase (IKK) is the key of this pathway, and it owns a special structure which consists of catalytic subunit and regulatory subunit. Naturally, the activation of IKK needs the interaction of the two subunits and phosphorylation by its upstream kinases. Actually, there are two methods of activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, and both of the methods need the IKK complex. Given to the crucial role of IKK, researchers have isolated and synthesized amounts of IKK inhibitors, and these provide a great convenience to develop novel anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor drugs.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of naringenin on isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity and the role of CYP 3A4.Methods Isoniazid and rifampicin were added to culture media for QSG-7701 cells and cultured for 48 hours. Narringenin, 1,5 and 25 mg·L~(-1) in final concentration,was added concomitant with isoniazid and rifampicin. The culture media and cells were collected and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase were detected with chromatometry. The ratio of extra/intracellular lactate dehydrogenase was calculated as the release rate of lactate dehydrogenase. Cells were incubated with midazolam for 2 hours after treatment with durgs and the concentration of midazolam in the incubation media was determined with HPLC-MS.Results Compared with control group, isoniazid and rifampicin treatment increased lactate dehydrogenase release and CYP 3A4 activity significantly. Naringenin attenuated the effect of isoniazid and rifampicin on lactate dehydrogenase and CYP 3A4 activity.Conclusion Naringenin can attenuate the hepatotoxicity of isoniazid and rifampicin through inhibiting the activity of CYP 3A4 in cultured hepatocytes.

Adult ; Ear Neoplasms ; Ear, External ; pathology ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin