OBJECTIVETo assess the pharmacodynamical actions of Danqi capsule which was reported to promote blood circulation by removing blood stasis, regulation Danqi and relieving pain so as to be used to treat thoracic obstruction, headache, menstrual pain in clinic.

METHODTo compare the pharmacologic effects of Danqi capsule Danqi tablet in the rats with acute myocardial ischemia and the mice with the increased oxygen-consumption induced by isoproterenol injected subcutaneously. The pain models were prepared by injection of acetic acid and uterospasm model in the female mouse was induced by diethylstilbestrol and pitocin. A hyperlipidemia model was also made in the rats.

RESULTDanqi capsule could significantly improve ECG in myocardial ischemia of rats induced by isoproterenol and prolong the mice survival time under hypoxic situation. In the experiment to observe the pain response with body twist as a index induced by acetic acid and uterospasm induced by diethylstilbestrol and pitocin, Danqi capsule could significantly shorten the latency and the time course of body twist. The contents of triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) were decreased, while the level of high-density liporotein-cholesterol(HDL-c) was increased after treatment of Danqi capsule in in the rats with hyperlipidemia. Hemorheological data showed that the blood viscosity, blood reductive viscosity, erythrocyte rigidity index and electrophoresis time were significantly decreased by Danqi capsule in the animal model mentioned above as compared with control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, the dose of Danqi capsule is less than that of Danqi tablet for producing equivalent effect.

CONCLUSIONDanqi capsule plays a good role in improving myocardial ischemia, increasing the tolerant ability against oxygen-deficiency, alleviating pain and descending the levels of blood fat and blood viscosity.

Animals ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Capsules ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Electrocardiography ; drug effects ; Erythrocyte Aggregation ; drug effects ; Female ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Myocardial Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; blood

Objective To evaluate the relationship between Alzheimer′s disease(AD)and its partial vascular risk factors,and investigate the effect of tanshinone ⅡA(Tan ⅡA)on experimental models of AD combined with chronic cerebral ischemia and its potential mechanism.Methods Eight hundred and forty-nine patients with dementia(549 having diagnosis of AD and 300 without AD),admitted to our hospital from 1975 to 2009,were collected in our study; univariate analysis was performed on the relation between AD and vascular risk factors.Besides that,Tg+ mice were employed in our study and randomly divided into 5 groups,namely,sham-operated group,vehicle group,low Tan ⅡA treatment group,medium Tan ⅡA treatment group and high Tan ⅡA treatment group; or these mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group,vehicle group,Tan ⅡA treatment group(treated with 10 mg/kg daily).Mouse models of AD and chronic cerebral ischemia were established,and Tan ⅡA treatment was given to the Tan ⅡA treatment group.The relationship between AD and vascular factors was assessed by means of analyzing the clinicopathological data of AD cohort.The changes of learning and memory abilities in the mouse models were detected by Morris water maze test.Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to detect the level of VEGF; the protein expressions of betaA4-amyloid precursor protein (APP),VEGF and VEGFR-1 were determined by Western blotting,and the mRNA expressions of APP,VEGF and VEGFR-1 were observed by quantitative RT PCR.The effect of Tan ⅡA on canaliculization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)was also investigated fiom cellular level.Results AD was significantly positively correlated with such vascular risk factors as hypertension,diabetes mellitus,coronary disease,cerebrovascular disease and hyperlipemia(P＜0.05),while no correlation was noted between AD and pneumonia.The mice of the medium Tan ⅡA treatment group and high Tan ⅡA treatment group had obviously shortened times of searching the platform and swimming distance,prolonged latency of avoiding darkness,decreased frequency of wrong behaviors,and decreased level of VEGF as compared with the vehicle group(P＜0.05).The life span in mice of the Tan ⅡA treatment group (treated with 10 mg/kg daily)was prolonged for approximately 24 d as compared with that in the vehicle group; the expressions of APP and VEGF were down-regulated and that of VEGFR-1 in mice of the Tan ⅡA treatment group(treated with 10 mg/kg daily)was up-regulated as compared with those in the vehicle group(P＜0.05).The canaliculization of HUVECs was enhanced after incubation with Tan ⅡA for 48 h,followed by increase of VEGFR-1 expression.Conclusion AD is significantly correlated with its vascular factors.Tan ⅡA could improve the learning and memory abilities of dementia mouse through up-regnlation of VEGFR-1 expression and promotion of vascular integrity,indicating the crucial role of vascular factors in treatment of AD.

OBJECTIVETo observe the mechanism of the optimized traditional acupuncture prescription for accouchement on cervical ripening based on the molecular biology by observing related indices of cervical ripening in late-stage pregnant rats.

METHODSTwenty initial pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture (EA) group (n = 10) and a model group (n = 10), and other 10 non-pregnancy female rats with same lot were selected as a blank control group. EA group was treated with the optimized traditional acupuncture prescription for accouchement on the 20th day of pregnant, which performed EA at bilateral "Hegu" (LI 4) for 20 min and then at bilateral "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) for 5 min with 2 Hz/50 Hz sparse-dense wave, while the other groups without acupuncture intervention. The contents of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) in cervix tissue were detected by ELISA method.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, the contents of MMP-9 and IL-8 in the model group were increased significantly (both P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the contents of MMP-9 and IL-8 in the EA group were increased significantly (P < or = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOptimized traditional acupuncture prescription for accouchement can increase the contents of MMP-9 and IL-8 in cervix tissue of late-stage pregnant rats so as to promote cervical ripening, and the mechanism of EA in promoting cervical ripening is explained from the perspective of molecular biology.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Cervical Ripening ; metabolism ; Cervix Uteri ; enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Models, Animal ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo establish HPLC fingerprint of Prunella vulgarise for quality control of the herbal medicine.

METHODA sunfire C18 analytical column was used. The mobile phase A was 1% acetic acid, and mobile phase B was methanol. The elution was in gradient mode and detection wavelength was set at 290 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature at 30 degrees C. The analysis time was 60 min.

RESULTThe similarity of 10 batches of P. vulgaris was not lower than 0.810. The fingerprints of the herbal medicine were classified P. vulgaris on the results of cluster analysis.

CONCLUSIONThis method is available for quality evaluation and control the quality of P. vulgaris.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Prunella ; chemistry

The objective of this work was to develop a valuable adsorbent for recovery of platinum by studying the properties of Pt4+ -adsorption with immobilized Citrobacter freudii XP05 biomass. Five methods for immobilization of Citrobacter freudii XP05 biomass were compared. The method with gelatin-alginate sodium as entrapment matrix was considered to be the optimal. Spherical and uniform beads were produced and the SEM micrograph indicated that the cell of strain XP08 were uniformly dispersed within the matrix. The adsorption of Pt4+ by immobilized XP05 biomass was affected with adsorptive time, pH value of the solution, immobilized biomass concentration, Pt4+ initial concentration The adsorption was a rapid process. The optimal pH value for Pt4+ adsorption was 1.5, and its adsorptive capacity increased linearly with increasing Pt4+ initial concentrations in the range of 50 - 250 mg/L. The experimental data could be fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models of adsorption isotherm. The adsorptive capacity reached 35.2 mg/g under the conditions of 250 Pt4+ mg/L, 2.0 g/L immobilized biomass, pH 1.5 and 30 degrees C for 60 min. 98.7% of Pt4+ adsorbed on immobilized biomass could be desorbed with 0.5 mol HC1/L. The characteristics of dynamic adsorption and desorption of immobilized XP05 biomass in packed-bed reactor were investigated. The saturation uptake was 24.66 mg Pt4+ /g under the conditions of flow rate 1.2 mL/min, pH 1.5, 50 mg Pt4+/L and 1.85 g biomass(dry weight) . Adsorptive efficiency of Pt4 + by the immobilized XP05 biomass was above 78% for 4 cycles of adsorption and desorption. The recovery of platinum from waste platinum catalyst was studied. The adsorptive capacity was 20.94 mg Pt4+/g immobilized biomass under the conditions of 4.0 g/L immobilized XP05 biomass, 117.76 mg Pt4+/L and pH 1.5 for 60 min. The immobilized XP05 biomass is potentially applicable to the recovery of platinum from waste and wastewater containing platinum.
Biomass ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Citrobacter ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microspheres ; Platinum ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; isolation & purification ; metabolism

This study is to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on carotid baroreceptor activity (CBA). The functional curve of carotid baroreceptor (FCCB) was constructed and the functional parameters of carotid baroreceptor were measured by recording sinus nerve afferent discharge in anesthetized male rats with perfused isolated carotid sinus. Resveratrol (30, 60 and 120 micromol x L(-1)) inhibited CBA, which shifted FCCB to the right and downward. There was a marked decrease in peak slope (PS) and peak integral value (PIV) of carotid sinus nerve charge in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 micromol x L(-1)), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), eliminated the inhibitory effect of resveratrol. Pretreatment with Bay K8644 (an agonist of L-type calcium channel, 500 nmol x L(-1)) abolished the effect of resveratrol on CBA. A potent inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase (sodium orthovanadate, 1 mmol x L(-1)) did not influence the effect of resveratrol on CBA. Resveratrol inhibits carotid baroreceptor activity, which may be mediated by the locally released NO and decreased calcium influx. Several studies have showed a cardioprotective effect of resveratrol, with the penetrating study of resveratrol, it may show a potential value in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular disease as an alternative medicine.
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester ; pharmacology ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Carotid Sinus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; pharmacology ; Pressoreceptors ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; Vanadates ; pharmacology

AIMTo detect the residual clenbuterol in pork meat and liver using HPLC with Coulometric electrode array system.

METHODSHomogenized meat or liver sample was treated with 1 mol x L(-1) hydrochloric acid and centrifuged, the fat existing in meat or liver tissue was removed by diethyl ether. The pH of the remaining aqueous layer was adjusted to 10.8 +/- 0.2 or 11.6 +/- 0.2 for meat or liver and liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether was followed. The ether extract was evaporated to dryness, the residue was dissolved in the mobile phase. The mobile phase A consisted of 50 mmol x L(-1) phosphoric acid-30 mmol x L(-1) triethylamine and was adjusted to pH 4.0 with 2 mol x L(-1) sodium hydroxide solution. The mobile phase B consisted of methanol-acetonitrile (30:45). A mixture of mobile phase A and B (80:20) was used in the method. A four electrode array module was selected for quantitation, the electrode potentials were set at 450, 600, 650 and 680 mV respectively.

RESULTSThe two calibration curves for meat and liver showed good linearity between 1.88 - 60.16 ng x g(-1), the detection limit of clenbuterol was 1.2 ng x g(-1).

CONCLUSIONThis method using HPLC-electrochemical detection is reproducible, and the sensitivity is good enough for the determination of clenbuterol in meat and liver.

Animal Feed ; analysis ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Clenbuterol ; analysis ; Drug Residues ; analysis ; Electrochemistry ; methods ; Electrodes ; Liver ; chemistry ; Meat ; analysis ; Swine

OBJECTIVEThis paper presents a statistical method of familial correlation on family data from case-control studies.

METHODSMarginal mean models of the probands and the relatives conditional on the proband's disease status, as well as the marginal association model of the relatives were modeled integrately. Conditional odds-ratio and marginal odds-ratio were used to measure the familial correlation.

RESULTSThe parameter's interpretation in the model was in accordance with sample characteristics. This method is more efficient due to making fully use of information of the probands and relatives. In addition, the method has all advantages of GEE2.

CONCLUSIONThe method in this paper efficiently and conveniently analyzes the family data from case-control studies to estimate the familial correlation on disease.

Bias ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Risk Factors

This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG) combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) and to analyse the efficacy-related factors in children with aplastic anemia (AA). Twenty five AA children treated with r-ATG [3.5 mg/(kg·d)×5 days] combined with CsA were analyzed retrospectively. The lymphocyte subgroups, CD4(+)/CD8 ratio and expression of CD55, CD59 on surface of neutrophils and erythrocytes in peripheral blood were detected by direct immunofluorescence method and flow cytometry; the responsive time, effective rate, adverse effects and infections after immunosuppressive therapy (IST) were analyzed; the distribution of T-lymphocyte subgroups in IST-effective and IST-uneffective groups was compared, and therapeutic efficacy-related factors were evaluated. The results showed that the response to treatments was found in 21 out of 25 cases, the total responsive rate was 84.0%; the response time was 3 - 6 months, average of 4 months; the effective rates in month 3, 6, 9, 12 after treatment were 56.0%, 72.0%, 80.0% and 84.0% respectively. The AA children with age ≥ 5 years old, course of disease < 6 months and absolute neutrophil value ≥ 1.5 ×10(9)/L on 30 days after IST had good curative effect; the effective rate in AA children with age ≥ 5 years old, course of disease < 6 months, high or reverse ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) and absolute neutrophil value ≥ 1.5×10(9)/L after IST was higher than that in AA children with age < 5 years old, course of disease ≥ 6 months, normal ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) and absolute neutrophil value after IST < 1.5×10(9)/L (94.4% vs 57.1%, 90.4% vs 50.0%, 94.1% vs 62.5%, 94.1% vs 62.5%) (P < 0.05). The high effective rate was observed in AA children with decrease of CD55 and CD59 expression, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) as compared with normal expression of CD55, CD59. It is concluded that the treatment using r-ATG (3.5 mg/kg·d × 5 d) combined with CsA is a safe and effective for children with AA. Age, course of disease and absolute neutrophil value on 30 days after IST are the main factors affecting curative affect.
Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; drug therapy ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cyclosporine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND:Autologous platelet rich plasma and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have certain effects on bone repair,but there are rare reports on the clinical treatment of long shaft fracture bone nonunion using autologous platelet rich plasma combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of autologous platelet rich plasma combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on long shaft fracture bone nonunion.METHODS:Forty-seven patients with long shaft fracture bone nonunion were randomly divided into two groups:monotherapy group (n=22) and combination group (n=25).In the monotherapy group,autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation was performed in the bone nonunion site.In the combination group,autologous platelet rich plasma combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation was implemented in the bone nonunion site.Callus score,clinical healing time,local complications and limb function grade were recorded and compared between the two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The healing properties and limb function in the combination group were significantly superior to those in the monotherapy group [healing time:(4.2±1.5) vs.(5.6±1.1) months,P ＜ 0.05;healing rate:92％ vs.86％,P ＜ 0.05;callus score:2.74±0.36 vs.2.32±0.53,P ＜ 0.05;limb function recovery rate:77％ vs.84％,P ＜ 0.05].Complications like local skin redness or infection were not found in the two groups.In conclusion,both of the two methods can promote bone healing,but autologous platelet rich plasma combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has a better clinical effect on bone healing.