Human milk plays an irreplaceable role in nutrition, immune promotion and psychological development of infants.And it can also decrease the risk of infectious disease, overweight/obesity, diabetes and other diseases.Therefore, the guidelines of various countries advocate that human milk is the optimal choice for infants.However, cases of food allergy in infants fed with human milk are common in clinical practice.Some studies have found that there are some active food antigens in human milk, which can stimulate immune responses and cause allergic symptoms in infants.At present, the mechanism of food allergy in infants fed with human milk is not clear, and this paper is to review the progress in this field in recent years.

Though parched Chinese herbal medicines contain less effective or index components, their pharmacological actions do not reduce or even become improved to some extent. However, the current studies related to material basis could not explain the changes in property, flavour and efficacy of parched Chinese herbal medicines. Meanwhile, due to the lack of objective and specific evaluation indexes, the quality evaluation could not reflect features of parched Chinese herbal pieces. Therefore, how to break the bottleneck for the studies on parched Chinese herbal pieces, make further innovation and conduct in-depth studies on the material basis of parched Chinese herbal medicines are common problems that medical scholars are facing. According to the findings in the previous studies, the author proposed to explain the material basis of parched Chinese herbal medicines by studying Maillard reaction and establish specific quality evaluation indexes according to the features of parched Chinese herbal pieces, and conducted relevant studies.
Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Maillard Reaction ; Quality Control

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Gravity Suits ; Heart Function Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Young Adult

Animals ; Benzodiazepines ; pharmacology ; Ducks ; physiology ; Growth Hormone ; blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Serum ; metabolism ; Weight Gain ; drug effects

Cervical Ripening ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Pregnancy

AIM: To observe the changes of blood glucose level, plasma insulin level and liver glycogen content and regulatory effects of rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides (ROS) on glucose metabolism in thymectomized rats. METHODS: 1) Plasma glucose level, liver glycogen content and plasma insulin level of thymectomized rats were determined three, four, eight and fifteen month after thymectomy operation; 2) Effects of ROS (250 mg·kg-1, po, × 60 d) on spleencyte proliferation, blood glucose level, liver glycogen content, plasma insulin level and plasma corticosterone level in thymectomized rats were investigated seven month after thymectomy. RESULTS: From 8 months after thymectomy liver glycogen content and plasma insulin level increased in thymectomized rats, though no obvious changes in blood glucose level were found during the experiment; 2) Changes of glucose metabolism in thymectomized rats were largely reversed and normalized with ROS: Increased liver glycogen content turned to be normal, increased plasma insulin level, decreased corticosterone level and decreased splenocyte proliferation in thymectomized rats became normal. CONCLUSION: Some changes in glucose metabolism are induced by thymectomy in rats, which can be largely reversed by ROS.

Objective:To compare the accuracy and timeliness of 3-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and pulse oximetry (POX) in neonatal heart rate (HR) monitoring after birth.Methods:This prospective study recruited 42 high-risk newborns with gestational age ≥37 weeks and birth weight >1 500 g who were born through cesarean section without resuscitation requirement in Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) from October 2019 to August 2020. 3-lead ECG electrodes and POX sensors were attached to the neonates immediately after drying to continuously monitor the HR within 10 min after birth. All procedure was recorded by video camera, and data were independently analyzed by a clinician after the procedure was completed. Differences in time required to connect the devices, time to obtain a reliable HR and the interval between them, the time needed for obtaining a reliable HR after birth, the proportion of neonates with reliable HR obtained within 5 min after birth and the consistency in the reliable HR readings between the two devices were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, McNemar test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient or Bland-Altman bias analysis.Results:The median time required to connect POX and 3-lead ECG and to acquire a reliable HR were 13.0 s (10.0-17.0 s) vs 23.0 s (18.0-28.3 s) ( Z=-5.050, P<0.001), and 79.5 s (56.2-128.0 s) vs 11.0 s (10.0-13.3 s) ( Z=-5.646, P<0.001), respectively. The total time from the beginning of connecting the devices and birth to acquiring a reliable HR were both longer for POX than those for 3-lead ECG [92.0 s (71.3-139.0 s) vs 35.0 s (30.0-39.5 s), Z=-5.579, P<0.001; 110.5 s (85.8-153.5 s) vs 52.0 s (45.0-66.3 s), Z=-5.579, P<0.001]. Reliable HRs were obtained in 69.1% (29/42) and 2.4% (1/42) of the infants by 3-lead ECG and POX within 1 min after birth, respectively. The percentage of infants for obtaining a reliable HR detected by 3-lead ECG within 5 min after birth were more than those by POX, but with statistically significant differences only at the first 60 s, 90 s, 120 s and 150 s (all P<0.001). The median HRs obtained by 3-lead ECG and POX within 10 min after birth were 161 beats/min (147-175 beats/min) and 160 beats/min (146-176 beats/min), respectively ( r=0.966, P<0.001). The mean difference of HR detected by the two devices was 0.56 beats/min (95% CI:-4.3 to 5.4 beats/min). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.961, showing good internal consistency. Conclusions:Neonatal HR can be assessed accurately by 3-lead ECG within 1 min after birth, which is far earlier than that by POX. Therefore, 3-lead ECG can be an option for continuously HR monitor in neonatal resuscitation.

The influence of medium variety、thermal treatment of the soil samples and inhibitor to the isolation effect of actinomycetes was studied by plate paint isolation methods.The results showed that: ①The isolation results of gauze No.1(GA) and straw decay substance agar(SDSA) might reflect basic station of soil actinomycetes. ②Thermal treatment (120℃?1.0h)in soils might promote actinomycetes spore sprouting and increase the quantity and variety of actinomycetes. The quantity and varieties of actinomycetes in the Soils that were treated with 120℃?1.0h were increased by 5.5%～54.9% and 12.5%～100% than the check of none-thermal treatment respectively. But thermal treatment had no effect on reduce the quantity of bacteria. ③The quantity of bacteria had significant reduction by adding 75?g/mL K 2Cr 2O 7 and 1～3?g/mL penicillin at same time to the isolation medium, and had little effect on the quantity and varieties of actinomycetes. Actinomycetes quantity (?10 6cfu/g) and variety of the treating of 75?g/mL K 2Cr 2O 7 and 1～3?g/mL penicillin in No.1 soil on SDSA medium had reductions by 0～58.8% and 0～18.2% compared with treating of 75?g/mL K 2Cr 2O 7, respectively. ④streptomycin might not been used for bacterteria inhabitor in the isolation of actinomycetes.

OBJECTIVETo summarize clinical features of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) in children.

METHODSThe clinical data of 35 children with PID from September 2005 to December 2008 were studied retrospectively, including illness history, birth history, family history, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, diagnosis, treatment and outcome.

RESULTSOf the 35 cases of PID, 6 cases were confirmed with combined T- and B-cell immunodeficiency, 4 cases with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, 22 cases with selective IgG subclass deficiency, 1 case with common variable immunodeficiency and 2 cases with chronic granulomatous disease. All cases had fever and recurrent infections. Respiratory and digestive tract infections were the most common clinical manifestation. Some of the PID cases lagged behind the normal children of the same age in growth and development. Human gamma-globulin transfusion and anti-infection therapy were administered. Two patients discontinued the therapy, one was transferred to the other hospital and the other 32 patients were discharged following improvement in clinical symptoms.

CONCLUSIONSPID should be considered in children who suffer from recurrent infections and autoimmune diseases or do not respond to long-term use of antibiotics. Immunologic tests should be done as early as possible for the children.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

FANCD2 is involved in DNA damage repair and maintenance of chromosome stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of FANCD2 in sporadic breast cancer tissues and its association with clinicopathological features. A total of 162 Chinese women with invasive breast carcinoma who had no family history in first-degree relatives and 12 normal breast tissues were examined. The expression of FANCD2 was detected by immunohistochemical staining based on a tissue microarray technique. SAS system was used to analyze the data. Twenty-one out of the 162 invasive breast cancers (13%) were negative for FANCD2. The mean percentage of FANCD2 positive cells was significantly lower in breast cancers than in controls (P<0.05). FANCD2 expression was significantly inversely associated with histological grade and TNM stage (P<0.05), but not with axillary lymph node status or other conventional prognostic markers such as ER, PR, Her-2 and PCNA (P>0.05). It was suggested that FANCD2 may play a critical role in breast carcinogenesis. It may become a valuable and independent marker for identifying women with sporadic breast cancer and evaluating the prognosis.