Altitude ; Animals ; Arvicolinae ; Gene Expression ; Hypoxia ; Rats ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

The mesencephalic auditory nuclei,the nuc leus mesencephalicus lateralis,pars dorsalis (MLd) and nucleus intercollicularis (ICo),were investigated in the adult songbird (Lonchura striata) for met -e nkaphalin (ENK) immunoreactivity and neuronal connectivity. It was found that th e ENK labeled fibers and neurons were distributed in the MLd margin and ICo, but were nearly absent in the central MLd. After a neural tracer biotionylated dext ran amine (BDA) was injected into the MLd margin, the labeled fibers and neurons were found in the brain nuclei or areas from telencephalon to medulla. There we re five nuclei or areas project to MLd margin:the cup of n. robustus archistriat alis (RA) of telencephalon, the n. preopticus anterior (POA) of hypothalamus, th e n. parabrachialis ventrolateralis (PBv1) of pons ,the n. rostral ventrolatera l medulla (RVL) and the n.infraolivaris superior (IOS) of medulla. The MLd margi n projected to two diencephalic areas, the shell of n. ovoidalis (Ov shell) and the lateral hypothalamus (LHy). The projections from MLd margin to PBv1 and hypo thalamus suggest that the MLd margin in the songbird may play an important role in the integration of anditory-vocalization, endocrine and other physiological activities.

Dextrocardia is a rare anomaly where the heart is located on the right side of the chest instead of the normal left side. Ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) with such an inverted anatomy may be challenging for the manipulation of the catheters. Here we report a case of dextrocardia who underwent ablation for persistent AF guided by image integration system.
Atrial Fibrillation ; therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Dextrocardia ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Dextrocardia is a rare anomaly where the heart is located on the right side of the chest instead of the normal left side.Ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) with such an inverted anatomy may be challenging for the manipulation of the catheters.Here we report a case of dextrocardia who underwent ablation for persistent AF guided by image integration system.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the status of complementary feeding frequency (CFF) for infants and young children in southwestern China.

METHODSA total of 3644 infants and young children aged 6 - 24 months from urban and rural areas of Chengdu, Kunming and Guiyang were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from March to June in 2011. Data of CFF in the recent one month were collected through the questionnaires, and assessed quantitatively by a new comprehensive evaluation system. Level and distribution characteristics of CFF for infants and young children among different month groups in urban and rural areas were analyzed.

RESULTSAverage CFF score was 8.1 ± 3.1, and the score for all was 54.1% of total score (15 points). The average score of urban and rural groups was 8.9 ± 3.0 (59.3% of total score) and 7.4 ± 3.0 (49.1% of total score) respectively (t = 15.60, P < 0.05). Ratio of ≥ 80.0% of total CFF score was 12.2% (443/3644) for all. The rate of urban and rural group was 18.0% (324/1796) and 6.4% (119/1848) respectively (χ(2) = 136.64, P < 0.05). Average CFF score in 6 - 8, 9 - 11 and 12 - 24 months groups was 7.0 ± 2.9 (46.4% of total score), 8.1 ± 3.0 (54.1% of total score) and 9.0 ± 3.0 (60.1% of total score) respectively (F = 148.27, P < 0.05). The CFF score increased with months growing.

CONCLUSIONStatus of CFF for infants and young children in southwestern China is generally inadequate, with differences between urban and rural groups. This problem is more serious in early month infants and rural areas and should be emphasized and improved.

China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; statistics & numerical data ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutrition Surveys ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

Acetaldehyde ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the loss of heterozygosity(LOH) at 14 microsatellites in esophageal cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

METHODSHPV-16,18 DNA was examined in 112 tumor specimens using fluorescence quantitative PCR. 112 tumor specimens and their matched blood DNAs were analyzed for LOH at 14 microsatellites by PCR and fluorescence-based DNA sequencing technology. The frequencies of LOH at 14 microsatellites were compared between HPV positive and negative specimens.

RESULTSHigh frequency of LOH was observed among chromosome arms 3p, 9p, 13q, 17p and 17q. The frequency of LOH was significantly higher at loci D13S260 and D6S497 in HPV positive specimens, comparing with HPV negative ones.

CONCLUSIONThe findings regarding loci with allele loss indicated that widespread chromosome instability might have existed in esophageal cancer. HPV positive specimens with higher frequency of LOH than negative ones at locus D13S260 and D6S497 suggesting that the target of HPV in esophageal cancer might serve as candidate genes at these two loci. In addition,this result also indicated that HPV might be a high-risk factor for esophageal cancer in Sichuan area with a high incidence of this cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Chromosomal Instability ; genetics ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; genetics ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; physiopathology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Phone ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; radiation effects ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

This study aims to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of HIV-1 strains prevailing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China. The pol gene fragments from 250 newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected MSM individuals during 2006-2010 in Beijing were amplified by RT-nested PCR, sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. HIV-1 pol gene from 189 individuals were amplified and analyzed; 81 (42. 9%), 3 (1. 6%), 2 (1.0%), 88 (46. 6%), and 15 (7.9%) individuals were infected with HIV-1 subtypes B, B', C, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC, respectively. The subtypes B and CRF01_AE could both be grouped into two clusters, and CRFO7_BC strains shared high homology and were presumed to originate from a common ancestor. The HIV-1 circulating in MSM in Beijing had a lower genetic diversity than in heterosexuals. The HIV-1 epidemic (2006-2010) in MSM in Beijing was actually a rapid spread of HIV-1 CRF01 AE and B, or rather native strains of the two viruses.
Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Genetic Variation ; HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Homosexuality, Male ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Young Adult

Novel dosage forms emerges more and more in recent years. One of them is liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules, which adopt gelatin or the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as capsule shell. The liquid-filled hard gelatin capsule is increasingly getting attention because of its new-concept dosage form design, which deliver liquid drugs by solid form. The paper mainly introduces application, pharmaceutical manufacturing, quality assessment, prospect of liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules, and focuses on the application and pharmaceutical manufacturing (preparation) of liquid-filled capsule. It is suggested that the capsule is suitable for various liquid or semi-solid natural plant extract and achieve different release profiles. The preparation adopted liquid-filled hard capsules technology. The influence factors concluded property of shell and device of filling. The quality was often evaluated by moisture content of capsule shell, dissolution rate etc. At the same time, it was pointed out that the new dosage form has remarkable marketing prospect and bring profits for enterprises.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Gelatin ; chemistry