OBJECTIVETo study the anti-endotoxin of different concentration baicalin.

METHODS6.250 microg/mL, 3.125 microLg/mL, 1.562 microg/mL and 0.781 microg/mL baicalin solutions were mixed with I EU/mL endotoxin, respectively. The mixtures were put into water of (37+/-1) degrees C for 15 min, 30 min and 60 min. The degrading effects were determined by using limulus amebocyte lysate test (LAL test).

RESULTS1) The degrading effect of 6.250 microg/mL, 3.125 microg/mL and 1.562 microg/mL baicalin solution on I EU/mL endotoxin was degraded completely in 15 min, 30 min and 60 min, respectively. 2)The degrading effect of 3.125 microg/mL, 1.562 microg/mL and 0.781 microg/mL baicalin solution on 1 EU/mL endotoxin after these mixtures had been incubated for 15 min. Endotoxin values were (0.155 5 +/- 0.002 8) EU/mL, (0.212 1+/-0.004 9) EU/mL, (0.355 9+/-0.013 9) EU/mL, respectively. These differences among them were statistically significant (P<0.01). 3) The degrading effect of 1.562 microg/mL and 0.781 microg/mL baicalin solution on 1 EU/mL endotoxin after these mixtures had been incubated for 30 min. Endotoxin values were (0.1640+/-0.0025) EU/mL and (0.2094+/-0.004 4) EU/mL, respectively. These differences between them were statistically significant (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe action of anti-endotoxin of baicalin is dose-dependent and time-dependent. The results show that baicalin has the stronger anti-endotoxin effect.

Endotoxins ; Flavonoids ; Limulus Test

0.2 g/L)with normal diets. Conclusions Living donor liver transplantation for hepatic complications of Wilson's disease can cure and correct the underlying metabolic defect. It is a lifesaving therapy in children with fulminant Wilsonian hepatitis and has many unsurpassed advantages.

This study was aimed to explore the clinical significance of monitoring level of minimal residual disease (MRD) at different time point in B-lineage childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Two hundred and six children with B-ALL were enrolled in this study from Augest 2008 to September 2011 in our hospital. MRD levels were detected by flow cytometry at day 15, 33 and week 12 after initial chemotherapy. The event-free survival (EFS) for patients based on MRD levels measured at different stages of chemotherapy were compared by Kaplan Meier analyses. The results showed that out of 206 cases 196 cases achieved complete remission (CR) after induction therapy (CR rate 95.1%), the 1- and 3-year EFS rate were (92.7 ± 1.8)% and (78.7 ± 3.7)%, respectively, and the 3-year EFS rate was (85.6 ± 4.9)% in standard risk group, (82.1 ± 5.8)% in intermediate risk group and (58.1 ± 9.2)% in high risk group, there was significant statistical difference between above mentioned 3 groups (P < 0.001). The MRD analysis at different time points showed that the higher the MRD level, the lower the 3-year EFS rate of children with ALL, in which the 3-year EFS rate of MRD ≥ 10(-2) at day 15, MRD ≥ 10(-3) at day 33 and MRD ≥ 10(-3) at week 12 were significantly lower. The MRD ≥ 10(-3) at week 12 was proven to be an independent predictor by multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model. The 3-year EFS rate for patients with MRD < 10(-3) and MRD ≥ 10(-3) at week 12 were (86.3 ± 4.1)% vs (55.8 ± 9.1)% (P < 0.05); 8 relapsed among 98 cases with negative MRD (MRD < 10(-4)) at day 33, 19 relapsed among 108 cases with positive MRD at day 33 between the two groups for recurrence rate has significant difference (P < 0.05). It is concluded that dynamically monitoring MRD by multi-parameter flow cytometry can precisely evaluate treatment response, judge treatment outcome and predict relapse in childhood B-ALL. The MRD 10(-2) at day 15, MRD 10(-3) at day 33 and MRD 10(-3) at week 12 should be considered as the best cut-off. MRD ≥ 10(-3) at week 12 was proven to be an independent factor of poor prognosis.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

The development of cancer biomarkers has brought the treatment of cancer from the tumor type-based to molecular target-based,and the latter marks the introduction of personalized cancer medicine (PCM). However,each individual tumor has unique molecular information,and the real PCM should be focused on single individuals and their specific molecular identities.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Precision Medicine

AIMTo investigate the abilities of recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (rAAV2) transfecting neurospheres.

METHODSThe rAAV2 conjugated with FITC (rAAV2-FITC) was added into the culture medium of neurospheres and 30 minutes later the neurospheres were detected with a fluorescence microscopy to determine if the AAV can combine with neurospheres. The rAAV2 containing GFP reporter gene (rAAV2-GFP) was incubated with the neurospheres for a month and then detected the ability of transfecting neurospheres. The neurospheres transfected with rAAV2-containing GFP were transplanted to the brain of rats. A month later the rats were sacrificed and the brains were removed to detect if there are expressions of the reporter gene. The neurospheres were transfected with rAAV2 containing hypoxia responds elements (HRE) and vascular endothelium growth factor(VEGF) gene and reporter gene GFP (rAAV2-HRE-VEGF-GFP) and then cultured in low oxygen density environments. Seventy-two hours later the neurospheres were detected through a fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTSThe neurospheres incubated with rAAV2-FITC present bright green fluorescence. GFP, the reporter gene, can be seen clearly 1 month after being transfected with rAAV2-GFP. The same green fluorescence protein can be observed ex vivo as well. The fluorescence can be seen in neurospheres transfected by rAAV2-HREVEGF-GFP only in low oxygen density.

CONCLUSIONThe rAAV2 can transfect neurospheres specifically and efficiently. Reporter gene can be expressed in the neurospheres in vivo and ex vivo. Expression of reporter gene can be adjusted by HRE.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dependovirus ; genetics ; Female ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Vectors ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transfection

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of Chinese generic imatinib with branded imatinib as frontline therapy in adults with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) (Frontline group) , and to explore the efficacy and safety of Chinese generic imatinib in CML-CP patients switching from branded imatinib (Switching group) . Methods: Frontline group: Data of adults with newly diagnosed CML-CP receiving Chinese generic imatinib (Xinwei(®)) or branded imatinib (Glivec(®)) between October 2013 and August 2018 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Switching group: Data of adults diagnosed with CML-CP who received branded imatinib and then switched to Chinese generic imatinib after achieving at least complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: Frontline group: In total, 409 adult patients receiving Chinese generic imatinib (n=201) or Glivec (n=208) were included in this study. Median age was 42 years (range, 18-83 years) . Comparison of baseline showed significant difference on demographic characteristics among two cohorts: lower education level (P<0.001) , and divorced or widowed status (P=0.004) and rural household registration (P<0.001) were more common in the generic imatinib cohort than those in the Glivec cohort. There was no significant difference on age, gender, Sokal risk score, WBC and HGB between the 2 cohorts. With a median follow-up of 25 months (range, 3-62 months) , there was no significant difference on the 3-year cumulative incidence of achieving CCyR (97.5% vs 94.5%, P=0.592) , major molecular response (MMR) (84.3% vs 93.1%, P=0.208) , molecular response(4.0) (MR(4.0)) (42.7% vs 41.7%, P=0.277) , molecular response(4.5) (MR(4.5)) (25.4% vs 33.0%, P=0.306) as well as the 3-year probabilities of failure free survival (FFS) (76.7% vs 81.0%, P=0.448) , progression free survival (PFS) (91.8% vs 96.3%, P=0.325) and overall survival (OS) (95.8% vs 98.5%, P=0.167) between the generic and branded imatinib cohorts. Multivariate analysis showed the type of imatinib was not associated with treatment responses and outcomes. The incidences of adverse effects were comparable in the 2 cohorts. Switching group: In total, 39 patients switching from branded imatinib to Chinese generic imatinib after achieving at least CCyR were included in this study. Median age was 42 years (range, 23-80 years) . With a median follow-up of 39 months (range, 6-63 months) , molecular responses were maintained in 23 (58.9%) patients and improved in 12 (39.8%) patients. Adverse effects were tolerable. Conclusion: Demographic characteristics might influence the choice of the type of TKI used in CML-CP patients. There was a comparable efficacy and safety between the Chinese generic imatinib and the branded imatinib in adults with newly diagnosed CML-CP under standard management and closely monitoring. Patients could safely switch from the branded imatinib to the Chinese generic imatinib.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Demography ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use* ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDDrug-eluting stents (DES) have revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology by dramatically improving clinical and angiographic outcomes. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Available information on the efficacy and safety of DES and bare metal stent (BMS) in diabetic patients remains scarce.

METHODSFrom April 2004 to October 2006, 1565 patients with diabetes, who successfully underwent elective stenting at Fu Wai Hospital in Beijing, China, were enrolled in this study. All enrolled patients were assigned to a drug eluting stent group and a bare metal stent group. We obtained follow-up data: death, myocardial infarction (MI), thrombus, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 30 days and 12 and 24 months, as defined by the Academic Research Consortium (ARC). We calculated and compared all the unadjusted cumulative frequencies of the various adverse events in the two groups. Cox's proportional-hazards models adjusted with the propensity score were used to assess the relative risks of all the outcome measures at 24 months.

RESULTSAt 24 months, all ARC defined stent thrombosis in the two groups were similar; at 30 days, a more definite thrombosis was found in the BES group (0.08% vs 0.81%, P = 0.016). Patients treated with DES showed a significant lower risk of TLR (3.88% vs 10.89%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.159 (95% CI: 0.151-0.444), P < 0.001), TVR (5.48% vs 11.69%; HR 0.383 (95% CI: 0.232-0.633), P < 0.001), and any revascularization (12.47% vs 18.55%; HR 0.555 (95% CI: 0.370-0.831), P = 0.0004) at 24 months. No significant difference was apparent in terms of all-cause mortality, MI, and all-cause mortality/MI.

CONCLUSIONSIn contemporary society's large, diabetic population, the use of DES is associated with long-term significant reductions in the risks of TLR, TVR, and any revascularization. There is no significant difference in all-cause mortality, MI, and thrombosis between DES and BMS in the patients with diabetes at 24-month follow-up.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; methods ; Coronary Disease ; therapy ; Diabetes Complications ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDRecent studies have shown that drug eluting stent (DES) implantation improved clinical outcome concerning efficacy compared with bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation, and sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) seemed superior to paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) in improving the outcomes. Firebird SES is the most widely used SES in China. Long-term comparison of safety and efficacy between Firebird SES and Taxus PES in Chinese population is still not available. The aim of this research was to compare the safety and efficacy at 24 months after the successful implantation of Firebird SES and TAXUS PES in Chinese population.

METHODSFrom April 2004 to October 2006, 3110 consecutive patients who underwent successful DES (Firebird SES 2274; Taxus PES 836) implantation were prospectively enrolled into this study. All enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on stent type. By outpatient clinic visit and telephone interview, we obtained 24-month clinical outcome including death, myocardial infarction (MI), thrombosis, target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE, the composite of death, MI, and TVR). We used Cox's proportional-hazards models to assess relative risks of all the outcome measures before and after propensity match.

RESULTSUnadjusted clinical outcomes indicated that the patients treated with Firebird SES were associated with lower risk of TLR (HR 0.38, 95%CI 0.26 - 0.54), TVR (HR 0.51, 95%CI 0.38 - 0.68) and MACE (HR 0.53, 95%CI 0.41 - 0.68). The results after propensity match were consistent with that before matching, lower risk of TLR (HR 0.33, 95%CI 0.19 - 0.58), TVR (HR 0.41, 95%CI 0.26 - 0.64), MACE (HR 0.48, 95%CI 0.33 - 0.68) in Firebird group.

CONCLUSIONCompared with Taxus PES, the use of domestic Firebird SES may decrease the risk of TLR, TVR and MACE in daily practice.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paclitaxel ; therapeutic use ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDRecent data have shown that sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) reduced not only the incidences of restenosis but also of target vessel revascularization (TVR). CYPHER and FIREBIRD stents are both widely used SES in China. However, comparative data concerning differences in long-term safety and efficacy regarding CYPHER and FIREBIRD stents in the Chinese population are still not available.

METHODSFrom April 2004 to October 2006, 3979 consecutive patients who underwent successful SES (FIREBIRD 2274; CYPHER 1705) implantation were prospectively enrolled into this study. All enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on stent type. Follow-up data, including death, myocardial infarction (MI), thrombosis, target lesion revascularization (TLR), TVR, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE, the composite of death, MI, and TVR) were obtained at 24 months. Cox's proportional-hazards models were used to assess relative risks of all the outcome measures between the two groups before and after propensity match.

RESULTSUnadjusted clinical outcomes demonstrated higher TVR (hazard ratio (HR) 1.78, 95%CI 1.26 - 2.50) and MACE (HR 1.40, 95%CI 1.08 - 1.82) for patients treated with FIREBIRD SES. After propensity match, the results showed a non-significant trend towards superiority of the CYPHER stent in all the analyzed parameters, however, no significant differences were found for all events at 24 months between FIREBIRD and CYPHER groups, and all thrombosis rates by Academic Research Consortium (ARC) definition were comparable between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSIn this large, real-world population, the use of domestic FIREBIRD SES in China was associated with nearly the same safety and efficacy versus the imported CYPHER SES. FIREBIRD SES can be taken as an alternative for CYPHER SES in daily practice.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; China ; Coronary Restenosis ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Sirolimus ; Treatment Outcome

.Aim To establish the evaluation methods of the med¬icine nature of ginsenosides by eorrelation analysis between med¬icine nature and ginsenoside contents in five Panax herbs with different medicine nature and the measurement of their effects on Na + /K + -ATPase activities.Methods 'Hie contents of ginsen¬osides in Sanqi, red ginseng , ginseng , American ginseng and ginseng leaves in the existing literature were eolleeted.and the medicinal nature was assigned by vector methods.rI1ie medicine nature of ginsenosides and the contribution of ginsenoside to the medicine nature were evaluated through bivariate correlation a- nalysis and grey eorrelation degree respectively.'Hie effects of ginsenosides on the Na+ /K +-ATPase activities of L02 eells and in pig eerebral cortex were measured to evaluate the medicine na¬ture of ginsenosides.Results Correlation results indicated that the order of correlation coefficients of ginsenosides to the warm and hot medicine nature was Rf > R1 > Rg3 > Rg2 > Rbl > Ro, while the order of correlation coefficients of ginsenosides to the eool and eold medicine nature was Rb2 > Re > Rd > Fll.Grey eorrelation degree analysis showed that the contribution of ginsen¬oside to the medicine nature was F11 > Re > Kg2 > Rd > Rb2 >Rbl > Rgl > Rc > Rg3 > R1 > Rf > Ro.The effects of ginsen- osides on Na +/K +-ATPase activities showed that the substance basis of the warm medicine nature was ginsenoside Rbl, Rb3, Rc, Rf, Rg2, Rgl, Rhl, Rg3, R1 and Ro, which increased the activity of Na + /K + -ATPase.While the cold and cool medi- cine nature were ginsenoside Rh2, Rd, Rh2, Re and oleanolic acid, which inhibited the activity of Na+/K ^-ATPase.Conclu¬sion It is feasible to evaluate the medicine nature of ginsen¬oside according to NaVK + -ATPase activities and correlation a- nalysis between medicine natures and ginsenosides contents.