Aged ; Female ; Fluorobenzenes ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; Sulfonamides ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo identify suitable hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) for co-evaluation of internal exposure level of PAHs by simultaneous determination of a variety of OH-PAHs in urine.

METHODSThe 24-h individual particulate matter and morning urine samples of 112 subjects were collected during June 2011. PAHs carried by individual particulate matter samples and OH-PAHs in urine samples were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

RESULTSSeven OH-PAHs were detected in urine samples, among which 1-hydroxy-naphthalene (1-OHNap) concentration was the highest [(20.54 ± 28.94) µmol/mol Cr], while 1-hydroxy-pyrene (1-OHP) concentration was the lowest [(0.73 ± 0.63) µmol/mol Cr]. The concentrations of these seven OH-PAHs decreased in the following order: 1-hydroxy-naphthalene (1-OHNap) > 9-hydroxy-fluorene (9-OHFlu) > 2-hydroxy-naphthalene (2-OHNap) > 3-hydroxy-fluorene (3-OHFlu) > 2-hydroxy-fluorene (2-OHFlu) > 6-hydroxy-chrysene (6-OHChr) > 1-hydroxy-pyrene (1-OHP). The effects of gender and smoking upon the contents of OH-PAHs in urine samples were not significant. There was a good correlation between total hydroxy-naphthalene (ΣOHNap) and 1-OHNap (r = 0.948), and a good correlation was also showed between total hydroxy-fluorene (ΣOHFlu) and 9-OHFlu (r = 0.975). Naphthalene carried by atmospheric particulate matters demonstrated better correlation with 1-OHNap than 2-OHNap, while fluorene carried by atmospheric particulate matters showed better correlation with 9-OHFlu than 3-OHFlu and 2-OHFlu. The correlation coefficients of ΣOHNap, ΣOHFlu and 6-OHChr with 1-OHP were 0.427, 0.543 and 0.655, respectively, and the correlations were not strong.

CONCLUSIONIt cannot reflect internal exposure level of PAHs to use 1-OHP as the only biomarker, while 1-OHNap and 9-OHFlu can be well predictive of the exposure levels of corresponding total OH-PAHs, suggesting that simultaneous determination of 1-OHNap, 9-OHFlu and 1-OHP can be more accurate and comprehensive in evaluating the internal exposure level of PAHs.

Aged ; Air Pollutants ; analysis ; urine ; China ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyl Radical ; analysis ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; analysis ; urine

OBJECTIVETo report the results of clinical characteristics, enzyme activity determination and mutation analysis of GLB1 gene in a Chinese patient with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IVB (Morquio B disease).

METHODA 14-year-old Chinese boy with MPS type IVB was firstly diagnosed by blood leucocytes galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) and β-galactosidase (GLB1) determination, who was characterized by short stature, multiplex skeletal abnormalities, difficulty in walking. PCR-sequencing analysis was applied to detect the mutations in GLB1 of the patient.

RESULTThe patient was characterized by dwarfism, pectus carinatum, kyphosis, normal intelligence, and no neurologic damage of spasms, linguistic capacity and so on. The patient had normal GALNS enzyme activity and very low GLB1 enzyme activity [5.03 nmol/(h·mg) vs. normal value 118 - 413 nmol/(h·mg) ] in leukocytes. A compound heterozygous missense mutations c.442C > T(p.R148C)/c.1454A > G(p.Y485C) in GLB1 gene were detected in this patient. The mutation p.Y485C is a novel variant. With the method of gene analysis of new variant, the mutation p.Y485C was considered to be a pathogenic mutation.

CONCLUSIONThe MPS IVB patient showed severe multiple skeletal deformities, normal intelligence, no neurologic damage and very low GLB1 enzyme activity, who carries compound heterozygous mutations p.R148C/p.Y485C. The mutation p.Y485C in GLB1 gene may be a novel pathologic mutation of MPS type IVB.

Adolescent ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Chondroitinsulfatases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Joints ; pathology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mucopolysaccharidosis IV ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Radiography ; Spine ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; beta-Galactosidase ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the detection rate,epidemiology and resistance mechanism of methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)in a hospital in recent 5 years.Methods A total of 762 strains of non repetitive Staphylococcus aureus detected from 2016 to 2020 in a hospital were collected retrospectively.Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA)was 392 strains(MSSA group)and 370 strains caused by MRSA(MRSA group),and 95 strains of MRSA isolated in 2020 were further used for resistance mechanism.Staphylococcus aureus was identified and tested for drug sensitivity by Vitek 2 automatic microbial system.Molecular epidemiological typing was determined by multilocus sequence typing.The biofilm formation was performed by crystal violet staining.PCR amplification was used to detect drug resistance genes,virulence genes and biofilm related genes,and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors of its occurrence.Results The detection rate of MRSA in past five years was 48.56％,mainly was from pus samples and secretion samples(38.38％,33.51％respectively).MRSA was found in the general sur-gery(18.65％)and otorhinolaryngology(12.70％).ST88 was the most common multilocus sequence typing(37.89％),and followed by ST951(24.21％).Moderate biofilm formation was the most common,accounting for 74.73％.Multivariate regression analysis showed that compared with MSSA group,hypoproteinemia,en-docrine system diseases,wound infection and history of antibiotic use within six months were the independent risk factors for infection in MRSA group.Compared with the control group,hospital transfer,wound infection and tumor were independent risk factors for infection in MRSA group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of MRSA in a hospital is high,and the carrying rate of various drug-resistant genes is high.The hospital should pay attention to the prevalence of MRSA and related risk factors,so as to prevent it early.

AIM: To explore the effects of prolonged sevoflurane exposure on prefrontal cortical metabolites in aged mice using a metabolomics approach. METHODS: Ten 18-month-old male C57BL/J6 mice were divided into a sevoflurane group (Sev group) and a control group (Con group) by the random number table method, with five mice in each group. Mice in the sevoflurane group were anesthetized with 3% sevoflurane and 60% oxygen for 6 h. Mice in the control group were given 60% oxygen under the same conditions for 6 h. All mice were executed immediately after the end of anesthesia or oxygenation, and fresh prefrontal cortex was taken for LC-MS/MS analysis. The data obtained were processed and analyzed using OSV2.1 software (AB SCIEX). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the content of glutathione, arginine, coenzyme A, 1-methyl-histi-dine, L-arginino-succinate and 2-isopropylmalic acid was reduced in the prefrontal cortex of aged mice in the sevoflurane group, while the content of mesaconic acid was increased. A total of 29 metabolic pathways were involved in the differential metabolites, with significant enrichment in nine pathways including arginine biosynthesis. CONCLUSION: Significant changes in metabolites such as glutathione, arginine, and coenzyme A occurred in the prefrontal cortex of aged mice exposed to prolonged sevoflurane. The changes in these products may affect the amino acid metabolic pathway and the gluconeogenic pathway.

OBJECTIVETo compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of evodiamine hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and free evodiamine suspension in rats, and investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of evodiamine inclusion complex.

METHODSBoth water solubility and cumulative release percentage of EHD were tested with evodiamine as the control. Blood samples were collected from the venous plexus of SD rats after intravenous administration with evodiamine inclusion complex and free evodiamine at 100 mg/kg (equivalent evodiamine dose). Plasma concentrations of evodiamine were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.1.1.

RESULTSThe evodiamine inclusion complex showed a better water solubility (18.46±0.36 µg/mL) and a higher cumulative release percentage [(76.8±4.9)%] than free evodiamine. The pharmacokinetic parameters of evodiamine inclusion complex and free evodiamine in rats were as follows: Cmax, 252.5±12.43 vs 161.3±3.45 µg/L; T(max), 4.00±0 vs 4.07±0 h; MRT(0-∞), 8.46±0.91 vs 4.43±0.74 h; AUC(0-t), 2266.40±28.64 vs 911.92±8.53 µg·L(-1)·h(-1); AUC(0-∞), 2359.76±31.58 vs 919.16±9.73 µg·L(-1)·h(-1). The relative bioavailability of evodiamine inclusion complex was 256.73%.

CONCLUSIONCompared with free evodiamine, evodiamine inclusion complex has a higher bioavailability.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Quinazolines ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solubility ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; pharmacokinetics

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEThere are various biological activities of cucurbitacin E (CuE), including antitumor effect, anti-chemical carcino-genesis, liver protection, and enhancement of the immunity, and so on. This study was to investigate the effect of CuE on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of ovarian cancer ES-2 cells, and to explore the mechanism.

METHODSES-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of CuE for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay. The morphologic changes and apoptosis were observed under inverted microscope and fluorescent microscope. Cell cycle distribution was evaluated with flow cytometry. The expression of p-STAT3 was determined by Western blot.

RESULTSThe number of ES-2 significantly decreased as the concentration of CuE increased or the time prolonged. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the ratio of ES-2 cells treated 1 micromol/L CuE for 24 h increased both in S phase [from (10.55+/-0.91)% to ( 16.31 +/- 4.61) % ] and in G(2)/M phase [from (18.53+/-1.43)% to (58.34 +/- 5.77)%], while decreased in G(1) phase [from (73.13 +/-4.70)% to (23.12 +/- 5.45)%] (P<0.05). The marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis were clearly observed in ES-2 cells treated with CuE. CuE inhibited the STAT3 phosphorylation in ES-2 cell in a dose- dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONCuE can inhibit ES-2 proliferation and induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which may be related to the decreased expression of the intracellular STAT3 phosphorylation.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphorylation ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; Triterpenes ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the morphological change of prominence through CT three-dimensional reconstruction before and after manipulative treatment and in order to investigate biomechanical effect of manipulation in treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH).

METHODSFrom December 2009 to May 2010, 24 patients with LIDH (32 herniated discs) with the unilateral typing,which were treated with manipulation (on alternate day one time and every time about 20 min, 3 weeks as a course of treatment). There were 10 males and 14 females, ranging in age from 25 to 54 years with an average of 36.2 years, in course of disease from 2 days to 10 years with an average of 6.9 years. Protrusible 12 discs were in L4,5 and 20 discs were in L5S1. According to typing of distance between prominence and zygapophysial joint or vertebral plate (ligamentum flavum), 5 cases were type I, 13 cases were type II and 6 cases were type III. After a course of treatment,the morphological changes of prominences were analyzed in the same level of CT three-dimensional reconstruction, including contour map of nerve root sheath side distance (TD), the distance between prominence and zygapophysial joint or vertebral plate (ligamentum flavum), the deviated angle of prominence (AN value) and the sagittal index (SI value).

RESULTSFrom the contour map of TD, 19 patients (79.2% of the total) can be identified morphological changes after the treatment; from the distance between prominence and zygapophysial joint or vertebral plate (ligamentum flavum), 7 cases with type II turned into type I and 2 cases with type III turned into type II after treatment; AN value increased after treatment (P<0.05),it showed prominence occurred morphological change toward deviated direction of intervertebral foramina; there was no significant difference in SI value between before and after treatment (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONStandard manipulation can make prominence change, the prominence and nerve roots release, and mutual position improve,which can provide imaging evidence for the study in biomechanical effects.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Manipulation, Spinal ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by drug-drug interactions have posed a serious threat to patients′health and caused immense economic losses. With the increase in the number of combined drugs, the occurrence rate of side effects has surged. Since traditional methods for discovering drug interactions are infficient and costly, the biomedical informatics based methods are able to acquire valuable information about ADR by analyzing and mining from biomedical big data at a low cost and with high throughput. Methods of discovering potential drug interactions through literature mining, data mining and physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are systematically reviewed in this paper. Also, the prospect of potential research fields of drug conbination is outlined.

Adult ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Headache ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Migraine Disorders ; pathology ; physiopathology