Mechanisms of perineural invasion may include the effect of microenvironment, the interaction of cancer cell and nerve, the action of stromal cell and cancer cell, signal transduction between the cancer cell and nerve by the involvement of the neurotrophin and its receptor, chemokines and its receptor.Its impacts on early cervical cancer include surgery, adjuvant therapy, prognosis and so on.

Objective To evaluate the security and biocompatibility of a new kind of absorbable high-strength PDLLA-CPP composite, which is used for internal fracture fixation. Methods According to the national standard of the procedure of appraise in food security and toxicology, micronucleus test of bone marrow cell, spermatic aberration test, chromosomal aberration test, and teratogenic test were measured with IP maximal tolerance dose of maceration extract from PDLLA-CPP composites. Meanwhile, chondrocyte culture with PDLLA-CPP composite was used to evaluate the effect of PDLLA-CPP composite on cartilage cell proliferation. Results Micronucleus test of bone marrow cell, spermatic aberration test, chromosomal aberration test, and teratogenic test were not affected by IP maximal tolerance dose of PDLLA-CPP maceration extract. PDLLA-CPP composite also had no cytotoxicity on cartilage cell proliferation. Conclusion PDLLA-CPP is a new and safe medical material with good biocompatibility and absorbability.

A discussion of the connotation and key issues of the new normal in the healthcare sector,with an introduction to the new normal.The furthering reform is unveiling roadblocks in the healthcare system.For example,human resources available can hardly support development of the sector, and revenue growth of tertiary hospitals in the cities will decline,while county hospitals will be further challenged by debt crisis.In the meantime of steady elevation of medical capabilities in both urban and rural areas,the gap between the two will be maintained for a while.The authors predict that the sector will be faced with restructuring essential medicine system,grading diagnosis and treatment practice,rising risks for health insurance,and growing market shares of commercial health insurance and private capital, as well as fiercer competitions to challenge public hospitals.

Objective To find out the exposure level and distributional characteristics of risk factors for stroke in health checkup population. Methods Target population was selected from two health management centers including Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University in Shandong province. Data were investigated with a questionnaire which included general information, physical examination, laboratory examination and electrocardiography. Exposure rate of risk factors and its distributional characteristics were described. Results A total of 95 909 individuals were enrolled into data analysis, including 59 686 males (age:44.48± 14.43), 36 223 females (age: 44.80 ± 13.90). The major risk factors were lack of exercises (68.02%), overweight (60.54%)and dyslipidemia (58.27%). There were significant differences in age groups and sex. Conclusion Exposure rate of risk factor for stroke was high and there were substantial differences between sex and age in health checkup population. Screening and health management for stroke risks might be a necessary strategy for the preventive intervention.

Adult ; Aortic Rupture ; pathology ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; etiology ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

Child ; China ; Humans ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; physiopathology ; virology

Objective To investigate the possible association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin (ES) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods The level of serum VEGF and ES were measured by ELISA in eighty type 2 diabetic patients including thirty subjects without diabetic nephropathy , twenty with microalbuminuria and thirty with macroalbuminuria, and the correlation was analyzed. Results The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with macroalbuminuria were both significantly higher than that of patients with and without microalbuminuria (P < 0.05). The level of serum VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria were significantly higher than that of patients without diabetic nephropathy (P<0.05). Both VEGF and ES level were positively correlated with the level of microalbuminuria (mAlb) (r=0.226, P<0.01; r=0.491, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=-0.237, P<0.05;r=-0.620, P<0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between VEGF and ES in patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (r1=0.633, P1<0.01; r2=0.532, P2<0.05). However, there was no correlation between VEGF and ES in patients without diabetic nephropathy (r3=0.175, P3>0.05). Conclusion The levels of VEGF and ES in type 2 diabetic nephropathy had varying degree of increasing in different diabetic nephropathy stage , and closely related to mAlb and eGFR. Disequilibrium of VEGF and ES may speed up the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective:Occult breast cancer (OBC) accounts for 0.3%-1.0%of all breast cancers. Because of the rarity of this dis-ease, its treatment and prognosis remain unclear. Our study evaluated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors associated with OBC. Methods:A total of 82 patients diagnosed with OBC based on available criteria were treated at the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, between January 1968 and June 2014. Except for 16 patients who were treated by needle biopsy or excisional biopsy only and were subsequently excluded, all of the cases reported were included in the study. Of the remaining 66 patients, one was male. Patient data, tumor characteristics, and treatment and outcome variables were evaluated. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. A unicentric retrospective review of 66 patients with OBC was performed. Re-sults:The median follow-up was 75.5 months (7.0-328.0). No significant differences in OS and DFS were observed between patients who underwent mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection (Mast+ALND) and those who underwent breast conservation surgery (P>0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that nodal status is a significant prognosis factor of DFS (P=0.031). Conclusion:No significant difference in treatment outcomes between mastectomy+ALND and breast conservation surgery was observed. Nodal status may be an independent predictor of poor outcomes in OBC patients.

The study of gene mutations in leukemia has made great progress during the past decade,which brought innovative changes in understanding of the biological nature and development law of various leukemia.It improves not only the diagnosis,classification and prognosis of leukemia,but also the development of targeted drugs and therapy,which has greatly improved treatment of various types of leukemia.Research on gene mutations is still a hot topic in the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting in 2014.Research progress in this area and related reports in the 56th ASH meeting will be introduced together with the authors' work experience in this article.

Objective To investigate the expressions of GDNF and GFRα1 in childhood nephroblastoma, and therefore its clinical significance. Methods The expression levels of GDNF and GFRα1 were examined by immunohistochemistry of 30 parrafin samples from nephroblastoma section as well as 16 parrafin samples of peritumor renal tissue. Results The pos?itive expression rate of GDNF and GFRα1 in nephroblastoma were higher than those in normal renal tissue(66.7%vs 6.3%;63.3%vs 6.3%). GDNF and GFRα1 were strongly expressed in epithelium and embryo bud, but weakly expressed in lobus intermedius of nephroblastoma. There was no correlation between the expressions of GDNF and GFRα1 with histological types, clinical stage and metastasis of nephroblastoma of patients. Conclusion High expression of GDNF and GFRα1 in childhood nephroblastoma might indicate its role in tumor development.