Antigens, Neoplasm ; immunology ; Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy

Dystonia is common in children with cerebral palsy. It can cause motor dysfunction, and is frequently associated with altered speech articulation, abnormal swallowing, and excessive drooling. Although trihexyphenidyl (Artane) is an anticholinergic agent with a long history of use in the management of dystonia in adults, information is limited regarding the use of trihexyphenidyl in children. This study reviewed the clinical experience of the use of trihexyphenidyl in children with cerebral palsy for dystonia, with special emphasis on benefits and tolerability.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and currently treatment status of intractable ulcerative colitis (IUC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of inflammatory bowel disease patients, who were hospitalized in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, from January 1999 to December 2009. According to the reaction to glucosteroids (GCS) treatment, they were divided into GCS effective group and intractable group. The general data, lesion, clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of these two groups were compared.Further treatments and the results of intractable group were analyzed. Results Totally 234 UC patients were enrolled, of which 37.6％ (88/234) patients received GCS treatment, intractable group and effective group took up 23.9％ (21/88) and 76.1％ (67/88) respectively. There was no significant difference of lesion between two groups (P＞0.05). Compared with effective group, the proportion of intractable group was higher in moderately severe bellyache[38. 1 ％ (8/21) vs 13. 4％ (9/67), P＝0.012, OR＝3.97, 95％CI:1.29～12.23], anemia[61.9％(13/21) vs 32.8％(22/67), P＝0.018,OR＝3.32, 95％CI:1.20～9.20], thrombocytosis[57.1％(12/21) vs 29.9％(20/67), P＝0.023,OR＝3.13, 95％ CI: 1.14 ～8.61]and hypoalbuminemia[38.1 ％ (8/21) vs 11.9％ (8/67), P＝0.007, OR＝4.54, 95％CI: 1.44～ 14.32]. Some patients of intractable group could be remission through extending period of GCS treatment, adding the immunomodulators or biological agents and intestinal segment excision. Conclusion UC patients with moderately severe bellyache, anemia,thrombocytosis, hypoalbuminemia at the onset of disease, which may indicate relatively poor response to GCS treatment. Immunomodulators, biological agents and surgery are the further treatment for IUC patients.

The structure of social network and its information spreading characteristics in 41 users of Sina microb-logs were studied , which showed that the exchange level was quite low in the 41 users of health information in Sina microblogs, usually in small groups.Although the 41 users were found in the core area, their exchange was sporadic even with no exchange in the core nodes or in other nodes, thus effective information sharing could not be achieved and information could not be widely spread .

Recent studies indicate that the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by inhibiting proliferation and adhesion of HCC cells,degradation of extracellular matrix and angiogenesis.Therefore,the mechanisms that PPARγsignaling pathway inhibits the invasion and metastasis of HCC may provide help for the clinical treatment,and is expected to improve the survival rate of HCC patient.

Objective To explore the influence of allergic rhinitis (AR) on patients with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA).Methods The study involved 44 cases with SoJIA from Department of Pediatrics,Renji Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University from July 2008 to November 2013.The Clinical and laboratory data of all patients were recorded respectively.This was a retrospective cohort study.According to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR),children were subdivided into AR group (16 cases) and Non-AR group (28 cases).ACR Pediatric criteria (ACR Pedi) 30/ 50/70 and related indicators of SoJIA between the two groups were compared.In the AR group,the correlation between AR scores and DAS28 was analyzed.When SoJIA of the two groups relapsed,the AR group (the treatment group) received anti-rheumatism for arthritis as well as nasal spray and oral antihistamines for AR.The non-AR group (control group) only received the anti-rheumatism for arthritis.The improvement of SoJIA between the two groups was analyzed.The continuous variables were analyzed by Student's t-test or the MannWhitney U-test as appropriate.Categorical data were compared between different groups by the Chi-square test.Correlations were determined by Pearson or Spearman's ranking.Results ① In the retrospective analysis:the physician's and patients'/parents' general assessment on a 10 cm visual-analogue scale (VAS),number of joints with res-triction of movement,number of swollen joints,ESR,serum ferritin(SF) and childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) score were significantly elevated in the AR group compared with Non-AR group at the disease onset [(6.7±1.0) cm vs (4.8±1.9) cm; (6.5±1.4) cm vs (3.2±1.5) cm; 4.1±2.7 vs 2.7± 1.7; 3.4±2.4 vs 1.4±1.5; (87±35) mm/1 h vs (61±40) mm/1 h; (888±1 043) μg/L vs (311±324) μg/L; 1.6±0.5 vs 0.7±0.3,respectively; all P＜0.05].At the 3 and 6 months follow-up after disease onset,the proportion of patients who reached ACR pedi 50,70 in AR group were lower than the Non-AR group,while the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was higher in the AR group than that of those without AR [at 3 months 38％ vs 71％; 13％ vs 46％; (76±35) mg/kg vs (43±36) mg/kg,respectively; at 6 months 25％ vs 71％; 19％ vs 64％; 127±57 vs 67±58,respectively,all P＜0.05]; In the AR group,at the disease onset,3 and 6 months follow-up after disease onset,the scores of AR was positively correlated with DAS28(r=0.741,0.703,0.680,respectively; all P＜0.05).② In the prospective study:when SoJIA was relapsed,systemic feature score,the physician's and patients' /parents' general assessment on a l0 cm VAS,number of joints with restriction of movement,number of swollen joints,ESR,SF and CHAQ score were significantly elevated in the treatment group compared with the control group [3.8±1.5 vs 2.1±1.1; (5.6±1.5) cm vs (4.5±1.6) cm; (4.6±1.9) cm vs (3.1±1.5)cm; 3.9±1.9 vs 2.5±1.4; 2.4±0.9 vs 1.5±1.2; 92±27 vs 53±37; 565(339,1 192) μg/L vs 171(85,284) μg/L; 13(0.8,1.6) vs 0.7(0.5,1); respectively; P＜0.05].The improvement rate of the physician's and patients'/parents' general assessment on a 10 cm VAS,number of swollen joints,number of joints with restriction of movement,ESR and CHAQ score at the follow-up 3 months were higher in treatment group than the control group [71(55,86)％ vs 46(0,75)％; 67(45,81)％ vs 28(-4,62)％; 92(77,96)％ vs 70(27,88)％; 65(48,81)％ vs 0(-17,67)％; 100(46,100)％ vs 42(0,100)％; 67(49,85)％ vs 37(0,75)％; P＜0.05].At the follow-up 6 months,the improvement rate of ESR,patients'/ parents' general assessment on a 10 cm VAS,number of joints with restriction of movement and CHAQ score were higher than control group [94(85,96)％ vs 73(33,85)％; 89(65,99)％ vs 63(5,85)％; 100(100,100)％ vs 100(0,100)％; 91(69,100)％ vs 72(11,91)％; respectively,P＜0.05].Conclusion AR may exert an adverse influence on SoJIA.SoJIA patients who are treated with combined with AR may have better outcome than those who are only treated for arthritis.

Objective To explore the prenatal ultrasonographic features of fetuses diagnosed as echogenic bowel and chromosomal abnormalities. Methods From September 2009 to June 2013, eighty cases diagnosed as echogenic bowel by prenatal ultrasound screening in our hospitals underwent chromosomal karyotype analysis and were followed up till fetal birth. The prenatal ultrasonographic features were carefully correlated with the postnatal findings. Results Prenatal ultrasoundand chromosomal findings of the 80 cases were:(1) Fifty-eight cases of fetuses with echogenic bowel alone (72.5%, 58/80, without chromosomal karyotype abnormalities). (2) Eleven cases of fetuses with additional ultrasound soft markers (13.8%, 11/80, without chromosomal karyotype abnormalities). The ultrasound examination revealed 8 cases of choroid plexus cysts, 1 case of single umbilical artery, 1 case of shorter nasal bone, and 1 case of echogenic intracardiac focus. (3) Five cases of fetuses with severe functional abnormalities or complex structural malformations and normal chromosomal karyotype. The ultrasound examination revealed 3 cases of structural cardiac malformations, 1 case of heart failure and 2 cases of central nervous system malformations. Of them,one case showed complex malformations (right ventricular dysplasia syndrome, cerebellar dysplasia and single umbilical artery), whereas the remaining 4 cases only involve single malformation. (4)Six cases had chromosomal abnormalities (7.5%, 6/80), including 3 cases of abnormal chromosome microdeletions, and 3 cases of abnormal chromosome numbers (1 21-trisomy syndrome, 1 18-trisomy syndrome, and 1 triploid syndrome). All of them had severe structural malformations and abnormal soft markers. The ultrasound examination revealed 2 cases of severe cardiac malformations, 2 cases of central nervous system malformations, 1 case of pericardial/peritoneal effusion, and 1 case of placental chorionic multiple hemangioma. One case of holoprosencephaly (donor of the twins) ended with intrauterine death. The associated abnormal soft markers include nuchal fold (NF) thickening, choroid plexus cysts, umbilical cord cysts, single umbilical artery, and placental chorionic hemangioma. Conclusions The fetuses with echogenic bowelaloneusualyhaveagoodprognosis.Insomecases,echogenicbowelmaydisappearduringvfolow-up.The fetuses complicated with severe structural malformations and chromosomal abnormalities have poor prognosis. For the fetuses diagnosed of echogenic bowel by prenatal ultrasound screening, systematic ultrasound examination should be carried out and clinical chromosomal karyotype analysis was suggested.

? AlM: To analyze the incidence, characteristics and related risk factors of high intraocular pressure after pars plana vitrectomy ( PPV) .
?METHODS: Totally, 146 patients (146 eyes) undergone PPV in our hospital were selected. Age, gender, eye, course and operation time of patients were compared, in order to understand the incidence rate and characteristics of high intraocular pressure. Primary diseases, intraoperative treatment methods and intraocular tamponade type were compare, in order to analyze the related risk factors of high intraocular pressure.
? RESULTS: Forty - seven patients occurred high intraocular pressure after operation, the incidence rate was 32. 2%. There was no significant difference in age, gender, eye, course and operation time (P>0. 05). The incidence rate in diabetic patients with simple vitreous hemorrhage and with tractional retinal detachment were 21.1% and 57.6%, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence rate in retinal detachment with PVR below grade C2 and above C2 were 19. 0% and 43. 8%, respectively (P<0. 05). The incidence rate in ocular trauma with vitreous hemorrhage and with intraocular foreign bodies were 25. 0% and 70. 0%, respectively (P<0. 05). The incidence rate of patients treated with panretinal photocoagulation was 50. 8%, significantly higher than patients without treated with panretinal photocoagulation (P<0. 05). The incidence rate of patients treated with part panretinal photocoagulation was 29. 5%, higher than patients without treated with panretinal photocoagulation, but there was no statistical difference ( P > 0. 05 ). The incidence rate of using silicone oil, C3 F8 and simple ventilation were 59. 7%, 34. 5% and 14. 5%, respectively (P<0. 05).
? CONCLUSlON: After vitrectomy intraocular hypertension incidence and preoperative, intraoperative treatment of primary disease is closely related to factors such as the way and intraocular tamponade.

AIM: To investigate whether Programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression on peripheral CD4~+CD25~(nt/hi)CD127~(lo) regulatory T cells (Treg) was associated with disease progression in HIV-1-infected patients. METHODS: Peripheral blood from 108 HIV-1-infected patients in distinct disease progression statuses and 27 healthy individuals were collected in the present investigation. PBMCs were isolated by centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque, followed by staining with anti-CD4-PerCP, anti-CD25-FITC, anti-CD127-PE and anti-PD-1-APC. PD-1 expression on Treg was analyzed by four-color staining flow cytometry. CD4~+T cell absolute counts were determined using Multitest CD3/CD4/CD8/CD45 kit and plasma viral loads were detected on NucliSens EasyQ. All data were analyzed using SPSS14.0 software. RESULTS: In peripheral blood of healthy individuals, Treg expressed PD-1 at very low levels (1.72%±0.65%). In contrast, Treg from HIV-1-infected patients showed a significantly increased PD-1 expression (5.33%±2.24%, P<0.01). Moreover, AIDS patients exhibited statistically higher PD-1 expression on Treg (7.87%±2.23%) than newly HIV-1 infected patients (3.22%±1.01%, P<0.05) and patients in progression to AIDS(5.21%±1.72%, P<0.05). PD-1 up-regulation on Treg was closely correlated with reduced CD4~+T cell absolute counts but elevated plasma viral load. CONCLUSION: Overall, we found that PD-1 expression on peripheral Treg was up-regulated and correlated with disease progression in HIV-1-infected patients for the first time. These findings not only extend our understanding of how Treg functions in HIV-1-infected patients but also support the notion that blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interactions may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for HIV-1-infected patients.