Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a common pathological and physiological clinical oculopathy,which can occur in retinal artery and vein occlusion,diabetic retinopathy and acute angle-closure glaucoma.The resulting ischemia can cause cell metabolic dysfunction,serious retinal damage and descending visual function.RIRI is the result of multiple factors.The currently accepted hypotheses mainly include the injury effect of oxygen-derived free radicals,intracellular calcium overload,the action of leucocyte and apoptosis.However the protection and treatment research in the RIRI is limited.The present paper reviews the progression in the drug intervention of RIRI.

Children with plastic bronchitis,characterized by unknown origin,insidious onset,rapid progress,severe symptom and high mortality,is a relatively rare disease.Also,it is difficult to diagnose and treat with plastic bronchitis characterized by marked airway obstruction,via the formation of large gelatinous or rigid airway cast.It is associated with certain diseases including bronchial asthma,cystic fibrosis,accompanied with acute chest syndrome with sickle cell disease,congenital heart disease and bacterial and viral respiratory infection.Clinicians should be aware of this disease,and early bronchoscopy should be intervened.

Fatigue is one of the most common complaints in cancer patients that profoundly affects all aspects of quality of life.However,cancer-related fatigue remains under recognized and poorly treated.This rcview has been conducted with the causes and potential treatments of fatigue in cancer patients.The methods for evaluating fatigue,and possible therapeutic options are also discussed.

Dermatovenereology have developed rapidly in fields including genodermatology, dermatological epidemiology, skin immunology, infectious skin diseases, clinical diagnosis, drug treatment, light therapy, and sexually transmitted diseases in recent years. Meanwhile, many skin diseases and a few venereal diseases still lack effective ways of treatment and control. More efforts should be made in both basic and clinical researches in the related fields.
Dermatology ; trends ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Venereology ; trends

Objective:To investigate the expressions of P27 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) and to determine the relationship between them. Methods: SP immunohistochemistry was used to detect P27 protein and PCNA in 55 cases of OSCC, 5 biopsies of normal oral mucosa and 20 hyperplastic tissues. Results: The expression rate of P27 protein and PCNA in OSCC were 40.0%,80.0%,which were different from normal oral mucosa and hyperplasia tissues(P0.05). They correlated with malignant behaviors, clinical stages and whether there was lymphnode metastasis or not of the neoplasm(P0.05). Conclusion: Decrease of P27 protein expression and increase of PCNA expression may be important indicators which stand for malignant behavior of neoplasm. The results suggest that their inverse correlation between PCNA and P27 in various forms of oral squamous cell carcinomas may be of prognostic and therapy value.

Objective:To study the extraction process of AWei capsule.Methods:Taking the contents of gallic acid and the yield of extracts as assessment index to optimize water extraction process of AWei capsule with orthogonal experimental design.Taking the contents of magnolol,honokiol and the yield of extracts as assessment index to optimize ethanol extraction process of AWei capsule with orthogonal experimental design.Results:The optimal water extraction process of AWei capsule was extracting twice,every time lasted 1.5h,every time added 14 times water.The optimal ethanol extraction process of AWei capsule was using 80%ethanol as solvent,extracting twice,every time lasted 1.5h,every time added 6 times solvent.Conclusion:The optimized extraction process is stable and reasonable.

The concept of hemangioblast was proposed a century ago. The existence of hemangioblasts has been demonstrated recently in vitro by differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cell into em-bryoid bodies(EBs). In the developing embryo, a common progenitor, termed "hemangioblast", generates both hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages. The in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells to hemangioblast is a powerful approach for studying the commitment of the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. This review will summarize recent development in the studies on hemangioblast.

The effects of cytochalasin D (CD), isolated from Engleromyces goetzii found in our country, on cells of established human esophageal cancer line (ECa-109 cell line) were investigated. It was demonstrated that CD was capable of inhibiting the growth of the cells at the concentration of 0.2?g/ml as indicted by growth curve. The action of CD, however, is reversible, and the cells will gradually grow again normally following the withdrawal of CD. The result also indicated that some proportion of the cells became binucleated or multinucleated after CD treatment. And as the duration of exposure time to CD increased. the multinucleated cells increased in number also. At the concentration of 0.5?g/ml of CD, a phenomenon of extrution of nucleus can be seen among the cells. The nucleus is departed from the cell body but still linked by a fine cytoplasm bridge (Fig. 2). The CD-treated cells bacame enucleated when they subjected to centrifugation following CD treatment. The minicells obtained from enucleation appeared to be normal morphologically with nucleoli but retained only a little cytoplasm around the nucleus. Electromicroscopic observation showed that mitochondria and tonofibrils increased after CD treatment, but we failed to find any changes of microfilaments within the cells.

An“agar-island organ culture”technique is described.It consists of both agar substratum and liquid medium in the same culture dish,so that chemicals in different concentrations can be added into the liquid portion of the medium,a convenient method to test their effects on explants.The procedures are as follows: To one gram of agar in a flask,50 ml of aqua distillata is added,and then heated until the agar is completely dissolved.Then add in 50 ml of double-strength 199 solu- tio(?) into the flask.After shaking gently,mixing the media completely,pour it into a dish until it reaches 2/3 of its height.A few minutes later the agar will solidify.Cut off most of the agar substratum and leave enough agar to form“islands”(Eig.A,B).Then add in liguid medium which is composed of 8 vol 199 solution,2 vol calf serum,2 vol extract of 9-day chick embryo diluted into 50% in Hank's solution and a few drops of diluted penicillin and streptomycin.The explants are placed on the agar-islands,the culture dishes covered with glass tops,sealed with paraffin,are put into an incubator.The cul- ture dishes are not sealed they are put into an incubator supplemented with 5%CO_2 Using this technique,we have cultured 80 explanls of 13-day chick embryo meta- tarsal skin for 7～21 days.And the effect of vit.A with different concentrations are tested The results show that the effects of vit,A on the differentiation of the chick embryo metatarsal skin explants are different with the different concentrations.We believe that this technique can be much more convenient as a method to study the eff- ects of chemicals in different concentrations on explants.The other uses of this tech(?)i- que,such as carcinogenesis in culture,the study of embryonic induction,especially the diffuse mechanism of embryo induction are also briefly discussed.

A method described by Harrison has been adopted and modified by us for the separation of intermediate and late erythroblast cells from 15 day embryonic liver of pregnant Wistar rat. The method consisted briefly of preparation of fetal liver cell suspension and the separation of cell types in a 40% and 70% nonlinear Percoll gradient system. Using this method, we can obtain about 96% of hemogenous population of intact and viable intermediate and late erythroblasts. Examination of tho separated cells by Giemsa and benzidine staining and by electron microscopic observation indicated that no granulocytes or other white blood cells could be detected, except for some contamination of about 1% of proerythroblasts and 3% of reticulocytes in the fraction. Trypan blue vital staining demonstrated that there were over 95％ of the cells maintained viable after separation, they could be used directly for the study of cell differentiation as well as biochemical analysis. SO, this is an economical, simple and easy technique to operate which proved to be a useful mean for obtaining enrich population of intermediate and late erythroblasts in research in the field of cell biology.