Pupillary exudative membrane could occur after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Tissue plasminogen activator (10?g) was injected into the anterior chamber for treatment of the membrane, and its effect and toxicity were investigated. The membrane was dissolved completely in 5 of 7 eases in a mean time of 1.3 hours (0.5-3 hours), and dissolved partially in 2 cases. After the injection, on the second day the membrane recurred in 2eases, and headache and periorbital pain occurred on the involved side in 2 cases. No corneal endothelial toxic reaction was seen.

Recently more and more ophthalmologists selected a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) for their cataract patient in order to get good unaided reading vision. Although the design of IOL have made a great progress, we are still dissatisfied compared with our natural crystal lens. Understanding the design theory and improving our surgery technique are basic for better utilization the multifocal IOL. Does the multifocal IOL reduce contrast sensitivity? Should we implant the multifocal IOL in pediatric cataract surgery? How can we deal with the residual refractive error after multifocal IOL implantation? In this editorial, we try to clarify these problems to make us select and use multifocal IOL better.

Cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) often present concurrently in aged persons. There has been a longstanding controversy among clinicians as to whether cataract surgery is contraindicated in eyes with AMD. Most of previous researches indicated that cataract surgery could accelerate the progression of AMD. However recently studies suggested that cataract surgery improved visual function of the patients and didn't accelerate the progression of AMD. These are related to the development of cataract surgery and the using of phacoemulsification technique.

Thrombolysis is still an important treatment modality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a hospital without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) facility. However, the optimal treatment after thrombolysis is still unclear. Conservative treatment after thrombolysis was recommended in the past. "Guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention (2009)" also suggested that the condition of STEMI patients should be evaluated to determine whether the patient should be transferred to a hospital with PCI facility. But this suggestion lacksed evidence-based support. In recent years, several clinical trials suggested that immediate transfer to the nearest interventional centre for PCI was plausible regardless of success or failure in thrombolysis in local hospital, and this might reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with STEMI.

Aspheric intraocular lenses(IOLs)have been shown to provide better quality of vision than spherical IOLs.However,these lenses are not ideal for all patients.Surgeons may have different strategies for compensating for the patients's cornea spherical aberration,targeting a postoperative spherical aberration of zero or +0.10 ?m.But we must know that the negative spherical aberration aspheric IOLs require very good centration with respect to the visual axis of the eye.

Objective To explore the temporal expressions of interleukin-10(IL-10)and interleukin-4(IL-4)and their relationship with the wound age during skin incised wound healing in mice.Methods Immunohistochemical and image-analysis techniques were employed in vital skin wounds 0.5h～168h after incision and postmortem incision 0.5h～6h after death.Results Weak expression of IL-10 was detected at 0.5h after incision,which increased subsequently,and peaked at 3h post-injury.Then decreased to the pre-incision level at 24h,but peaked again at 72h after injury.Immunostaining revealed that epidermal cells and infiltrating mononuclear cells were the major source of IL-10.IL-4-positive cells were observed in the dermis at 24h,and reached the maximum level at 96h,which maintained until 168h post-injury.IL-4 was mainly expressed in the fibroblast-like cells of the granulation tissue and dermis.In addition,faint IL-10-positive cells were merely identified in the epidermal cells in the postmortem incision skin within 1～3h after incision.No IL-4-postitive cells were found in the postmortem incision skin.Conclusion The time-dependent expressions of IL-10 and IL-4 during cutaneous wound healing may be used for the estimation of wound age.

Objective To observe the alteration of Bcl-2 and Fas-L at various intervals after traumatic brain injury and study the relationship between the alteration and the post-injury interval. Method The rat brain contusion was incurred by falling impact injury, paraffin section was cut after the test group rats were killed after various survival interval and stained with antibody of Bcl-2 and Fas-L, the hemotoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was carried out meanwhile. The staining results were measured quantitatively with computer imaging analysis system. Results Positive staining nerve celis were observed around the contusion area. At 30min after injury, a few Bcl-2 could be found around the wound, the intensity and the quantity of Bcl-2 positive celis increased significantly as post-injury interval extended. At 4h, the intensity came to a peak. Then the staining decreased. Although some Fas-L positive staining celis could be found around the wound at 30min after injury, the staining increased insignificantly from Ih to 4h after the injury. After 4h, the Fas-L positive staining cell increased significantly both in intensity and in quantity as post-injury interval extended. Conclusion There is a rule that the expression of Bcl-2 and Fas-L alters along with post-injury interval extension, which will be of value in time estimation of brain injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of transurthral electrovaporization of the prostate(TUVP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia( BPH) at high risk.Methods Forty-eight patients with BPH at high risk were treated with transurthral electrovaporization of the prostate(TUVP).The clinical data and therapeutic results were measured.Results All patients went through the perioperiative period safely and had been followed up for 3 to 14 months.Postvoid residual ( PVR) , the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) before operations were (97.5 ± 16.9) ml, ( 28.4 ± 2.3 ) score and (5.5 ±0.6) score respectively.Three months after operation ,PVR ,IPSS and QOL were( 30.2 ± 12.3 ) ml, (8.2 ± 1.3 ) score and( 1.9 ±0.5) score respectively,there was significant difference between them(t =22.31,53.16,31.94,all P<0.05).Conclusion TUVP is an effective and safe method in treating BPH patients at high risk.

Objective To study whether the inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase can inhibit the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells and to investigate which isoforms of NOX, one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase, are expressed in human lens epithelial cells at mRNA level. Design Experimental study. Participants Human lens epithelial cells (SRA 01/04). Methods The cells were divided into four groups: EGF group was added with EGF in SRA 01/04, DPI group was added with the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase-diphenylene iodonium (DPI), DPI +EGF group was added with EGF after DPI and control group was added with nothing. Using Microplate reader and Cell Counting Kit-8 to determine OD450 value of SRA 01/04 of each group. The ex- pression of NOX family, including NOX1, NOX2 or gp91phox, NOX3, NOX4 and NOX5, was detected with RT-PCR. The RT-PCR products were sequenced to confirm their identities by NCBI BLAST. Main Outcome Measures OD450 of SRA 01/04, expression of NOX and their sequence alignments with other human tissues. Results After added with CCK-8 for 3.5 h, the OD450 value of EGF group increased 12.0% compared with control group (P=0.000). The OD450 value of DPI group decreased 25.5% compared with control group (P=0.000). The OD450 value of DPI+EGF group decreased 26.1% compared with EGF group (P=0.000). RT-PCR using primers specific for mRNAs of the five isoforms of the NOX proteins documented that mRNA encoding NOX1 through NOX5 were constitutively present in SRA 01/04 cells. The similarity of sequences of NOX1-NOX5 in human lens epithelial cells with other human tissues was 100%, 100%, 99.7%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions NADPH oxidase complex could promote cell proliferation in human lens epithelial cells. SRA 01/04 cells constitutively produced mRNA encoding five isoforms of NOX proteins, NOX1 was much weaker than the other four NOXs.

Objective To evaluate the effect on the corneal endothelial cell after phacoemulsification using the microburst mode with high vacuum. Design Prospective,observational case series. Participants 98 age-related cataract patients (120 eyes). Metheds All patients having phacoemulsification with the Alcon Legacy 20000 Everest software were assigned to 1 of 3 groups (the burst mode group,the pulse mode group and the continuous mode group). Main Outcome Measures Actual power,effect phaco time,visual acuity,corneal edema,and corneal endothelial cell loss. Results The mean actual power of the burst group was statistically lower than those of the other two groups,the effect phaco time of the burst group was statistically shorter than those of the other two groups. The corneal edema and the endothelial cell loss of the burst group were less than those of the other two groups. Conclusion The microburst mode with high vacuum increased efficiency of ultrasound power and decreased the loss of endothelial cell. (Ophthalmol CHN,2006,15: 201-205)