Objective To study whether the inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase can inhibit the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells and to investigate which isoforms of NOX, one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase, are expressed in human lens epithelial cells at mRNA level. Design Experimental study. Participants Human lens epithelial cells (SRA 01/04). Methods The cells were divided into four groups: EGF group was added with EGF in SRA 01/04, DPI group was added with the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase-diphenylene iodonium (DPI), DPI +EGF group was added with EGF after DPI and control group was added with nothing. Using Microplate reader and Cell Counting Kit-8 to determine OD450 value of SRA 01/04 of each group. The ex- pression of NOX family, including NOX1, NOX2 or gp91phox, NOX3, NOX4 and NOX5, was detected with RT-PCR. The RT-PCR products were sequenced to confirm their identities by NCBI BLAST. Main Outcome Measures OD450 of SRA 01/04, expression of NOX and their sequence alignments with other human tissues. Results After added with CCK-8 for 3.5 h, the OD450 value of EGF group increased 12.0% compared with control group (P=0.000). The OD450 value of DPI group decreased 25.5% compared with control group (P=0.000). The OD450 value of DPI+EGF group decreased 26.1% compared with EGF group (P=0.000). RT-PCR using primers specific for mRNAs of the five isoforms of the NOX proteins documented that mRNA encoding NOX1 through NOX5 were constitutively present in SRA 01/04 cells. The similarity of sequences of NOX1-NOX5 in human lens epithelial cells with other human tissues was 100%, 100%, 99.7%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions NADPH oxidase complex could promote cell proliferation in human lens epithelial cells. SRA 01/04 cells constitutively produced mRNA encoding five isoforms of NOX proteins, NOX1 was much weaker than the other four NOXs.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the mid-term clinical results of direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (DIPS) in treating patients with portal hypertension. Methods DIPS were created in 23 patients with portal hypertension. Both preoperative and postoperative portal systemic pressure gradient (PPG), liver function and clinical symptoms were recorded and compared. Shunt patency was checked by color Doppler ultrasonography and the data were statistically analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results DIPS creation was successfully accomplished in all 23 patients. No serious complications occurred after DIPS except for hemorrhagic ascites (n = 1) and mild hepatic encephalopathy (n = 3). Mean PPG significantly decreased from preoperative (32.6 ? 5.3) mmHg with a range of (23 - 43) mmHg to postoperative (10.1 ? 2.7) mmHg with a range of (5-14) mmHg (P

Objective To report the preliminary results of placing metallic stent and 125I seed strand combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with inferior vena cava(IVC) obstruction.Methods From March 2009 to June 2009,implantation of radioactive 125I seed strand and metallic stent combined with TACE treatment was performed in 8 cases of HCC with malignant IVC obstruction.All patients were males with a mean age of(60.6 ? 9.6) years.125I seed strand and Z-type self-expandable metallic stent were placed in the obstructive segment of IVC,which was followed by TACE.Before and after the treatment,the diameter of the obstructive segment of IVC,the pressure gradient between right atrium and distal end of obstructive segment of IVC,and the symptoms related to the obstruction were estimated and recorded,the results were compared individually.Clinical follow-up was conducted in all patients.Results A total of 8 stents and 10 125I seed strands were placed in the obstructive segment of IVC.Altogether 138 125I seeds were implanted in 8 patients.Obvious clinical improvements were obtained after therapy.No complications occurred in all patients except one patient who experienced acute renal dysfunction at the second day after therapy.During a mean of(2.1 ? 0.6) months follow-up,occlusion of IVC stent was detected in 1 patient.The remaining stents remained patent.Conclusion Our initial results indicate that placement of 125I seed strand and metallic stent combined with TACE is a safe and feasible therapeutic option for advanced HCC with malignant IVC obstruction.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) is an effective therapeutic option for obstructive jaundice.With various novel puncture instruments being created,the manipulating technique being improved and medical idea being updated,PTBD has been widely employed in clinical practice for alleviating the biliary tract obstruction.In order to standardize this technique this paper aims to make some suggestions for the PTBD guidelines concerning the indications,contraindications,operative skill,postoperative management,complications and their preventions,points for attention,etc.

Objective To evaluate the hemocompatibility of domestic silicone-covered stent in the iliac arteries of canine model. Methods Eighteen domestic stents were placed in ililac arteries of 9 adult dogs after larger ballon PTA, which included 10 silicone-covered stents and 8 bare stents for control. DSA was performed at 1,4,12 weeks after stent implantation in the iliac arteries of two groups to observe the outcomes of patency or restenosis. Animals were then euthanized isolating and stainning the stented arteries with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. Finally, the acute thrombosis, reendothelialization and the neointimal proliferation of both covered and bare stents were quantified on histological cross-section. Results All bare stents were patent in 12 weeks, but two silicone-covered stents were occluded at 4,12 week respectively (patent rate was 80%). Stented vascular stenosis rate was averaging 72.3% at 12 week in covered stents and 36.7% in bare stents. Conclusions The hemocompatibility of silicone-covered stents is not better than that of bare stents. Silicone appear to be inert in this experimental application.

Objective To determine the effect of combination of chest physiotherapy (CPT) and intermittent non-invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with respiratory failure. Methods Ninety COPD patients with intermittent bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation were randomly divided into 2 groups : control group (n=45) received BiPAP treatment after conventional anti-infection, phlegm treatment and support treatment; CPT group (n=45) received CPT before BiPAP treatment. Clinical symptoms, chest signs, chest X-ray, time of BiPAP therapy, PaO2, and PaCO2 after the treatment were evaluated. Results Compared with with the control group, patients in the CPT group significantly improved in clinical symptoms, chest signs, chest X-ray absorption as well as shorter BiPAP therapy time, PaO2 increase and PaCO2 decrease(P<0.05). Conclusion For COPD patients who need intermittent non-invasive BiPAP ventilation, receiving CPT can effectively improve the therapeutic effect. CPT and intermittent non in-vasive BiPAP ventilation cooperate in the treatment of COPD patients with respirstory failure.

Objective To report the preliminary results of placing metallic stent and ~(125)Ⅰ seed strand combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction. Methods From March 2009 to June 2009, implantation of radioactive ~(125)Ⅰ seed strand and metallic stent combined with TACE treatment was performed in 8 cases of HCC with malignant IVC obstruction. All patients were males with a mean age of (60.6 ± 9.6) years, ~(125)Ⅰ seed strand and Z-type soft-expandable metallic stent were placed in the obstructive segment of IVC, which was followed by TACE. Before and after the treatment, the diameter of the obstructive segment of IVC, the pressure gradient between right atrium and distal end of obstructive segment of IVC, and the symptoms related to the obstruction were estimated and recorded, the results were compared individually. Clinical follow-up was conducted in all patients. Results A total of 8 stents and 10 ~(125)Ⅰ seed strands were placed in the obstructive segment of IVC. Altogether 138 ~(125)Ⅰ seeds were implanted in 8 patients. Obvious clinical improvements were obtained after therapy. No complications occurred in all patients except one patient who experienced acute renal dysfunction at the second day after therapy. During a mean of (2.1 ± 0.6) months follow-up, occlusion of IVC stent was detected in 1 patient. The remaining stents remained patent. Conclusion Our initial results indicate that placement of ~(125)Ⅰ seed strand and metallic stent combined with TACE is a safe and feasible therapeutic option for advanced HCC with malignant IVC obstruction.

ObjectiveTo establish an animal model of implanted inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVCTT)and examine its growth with MDCT and 3D-MPR. MethodsTumor cell line VX2 was inoculated subcutaneously into rabbit to develop the primary tumor, which was then cut into small strips. Purse-string suture was performed on the anterior wall of IVC after the laparotomy in eighteen New Zealand white rabbits.The tumor strip was injected into IVC through the purse and suspensory fixed on the inner wall of IVC. The general conditions,body weight,and the survival time were monitored after operations.MDCT examinations were performed with plain scan,arterial phase,portal phase and venous phase enhancement every week for all animals and 3D-MPR were acquired.The volumes of IVCTT were calculated.IVC,IVCTT and metastasis were examined with gross and histological pathology. ResultsThe IVCTT was confirmed by MDCT and 3D-MPR images.Collateral varicose veins caused by IVC obstruction and metastasis were also shown in images.IVCTT and metastasis were confirmed by pathological method. The success rate of IVCTT was 100 ％. The mean survival time of operated animals was(49.5±4.4)days. ConclusionsInjecting and suspensory fixing VX2 tumor strip into IVC is a reliable method to establish the IVCTT animal model. MDCT and 3D-MPR are valuable methods to monitor the growth and metastasis of IVCTT in animal models. The model of implanted IVCTT of rabbits provides a useful tool for the research of treatment of IVCTT.

Objective · To detect the vitamin D2 and D3 levels in the patients with moderate and severe depression. Methods · Eighty-five patientswho met the criteria for major depressive disorder were recruited (53 patients with moderate depression, 32 patients with severe depression). Fifty agematchedhealthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Serum 25 (OH) D2, 25 (OH) D3 and total 25 (OH) D2/D3 levels were detected by using liquidchromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The risk factors which might influence the severity of depression were screened by Logisticregression analysis. Results · The serum 25 (OH) D2, 25 (OH) D3 and total 25 (OH) D2/D3 levels in the case group was lower than those in the controlgroup (P=0.012, P=0.000, P=0.000). The patients with moderate depression presented significantly lower serum 25 (OH) D3 and total 25 (OH) D2/D3 levelsthan the controls did (P=0.000), although no significant difference in serum 25 (OH) D2 levels was found between these two groups. As well, the serum 25 (OH) D2, 25 (OH) D3 and total 25 (OH) D2/D3 levels in patients with severe depression were significantly lower than those in patients with moderate depression and controls (P<0.05). The body mass index of severe depression group was much higher than that of moderate depression group and control group (P=0.002). Both overweight/obesity and the concentration of vitamin D may be the major influencing factors of depression severity (P=0.034, P=0.011). Conclusion · Vitamin D2 and D3 deficiency in depressive patients, particularly in those patients with severe depression, was shown in the present study. In addition, overweight/obesity as well as the concentration of vitamin D may exert the significant influence on the severity of depression. Vitamin D supplementation and weight control may be needed to be considered in making therapeutic strategies of major depressive disorder.

Objective To establish a stable animal model of implanted main portal vein tumor thrombus (MPVTT) in rabbits and to evaluate its usefulness in research so as to provide the basis for clinical treatment. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into group A (control group,n=10) and group B (study group,n=14). For the rabbits of the study group, a sac-like pouch was sewed up in the anterior wall of the main portal vein, and then the tumor slice was injected into the portal vein through the pouch and it was hung and fixed on the inner wall of the main portal vein with the help of the reserved suture. For the rabbits of the control group, only a sac-like pouch was sewed up in the anterior wall of the main portal vein after opening the abdomen. After the treatment, the animals were kept under observation on the general condition, body weight and survival time. Postoperative multi-slice spiral CT scan was performed once a week to check the growth of portal vein tumor thrombus and the metastasis. The experimental rabbits were separately sacrificed for pathologic examination, the volume of MPVTT was determined and the metastasis was evaluated. The survival time of the remaining rabbits were analyzed. Results The tumor formation rate of the study group was 100%. The mean body weight of the rabbits of the study group (No.9-No.14 rabbits) and the control group at 35 days after the procedure was (1.48±0.19) kg and (2.08 ±0.17) kg respectively. The mean survival time of the study group (No.9-No.14 rabbits) was (41.7 ±4.72) days. Multi-slice spiral CT scan revealed MPVTT, metastasis and collateral circulation due to portal vein obstruction. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of thrombus in the portal vein and metastasis . Conclusion Stable MPVTT in animal models that can be used for imaging evaluation are successfully established. This study proves that multi-slice spiral CT scan is of great value in diagnosing and monitoring the growth of MPVTT and metastasis, which provides useful basis for clinical research and treatment of MPVTT.