Esophageal cancer is one of the tumors with high morbidity rates in China, and surgery remains to be the preferred treatment. However, certain complications such as anastomotic fistula, lung infection, respiratory failure, and circulatory failure occur after surgery. Postoperative enteral nutritional support could not only maintain and improve the nutritional status of the body but also re-duce complications and maintain normal immune function. This review focuses on the progress in postoperative enteral nutrition in pa-tients with esophageal cancer.

Objective To explore the risk factors of lung cancer in rural area. Methods A 1∶1 matched case_control study was conducted in 106 individuals in Heilongjiang province. Results The amount of passive smoking (OR:2.48,95%CI:1.51～4.08),history of mental scar (OR:4.63,95%CI:1.51～14.15), smoking from Kang (OR:1.69,95%CI:1.10～2.59), smoking indexes (OR:1.75,95%CI:1.10～2.79) and chronic bronchitis (OR:4.67,95%CI:1.12～19.49) had a closely correlation with lung cancer in rural area.Conclusions Lung cancer might be caused by multiple factors synergetically.The main countermeasures for controlling lung cancer were to give up smoking and to improve the conditions of heatable brick bed and heating method.

Objective To investigate the effect of netropsin on migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells and its mechanisms.Methods To determine if netropsin inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, Transwell migration and invasion assay was performed.Then Western blot was performed to detect expression of E-cadherin and vimentin in gastric cancer cells with or without presence in medium netropsin.Finally, immunofluorescence was performed to detect changes in the cellular localization of β-catenin to validate whether Wnt/β-catenin pathway was suppressed or not.Results Netropsin with the concentration of 25 μmol/L had minimal inhibition effect on cell proliferation and was able to suppress ability of migration and invasion by inhibiting EMT in gastric cancer cells(P<0.05).Meanwhile netropsin was able to down-regulate the expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin and up-regulate the expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin.Finally,immunofluorescence showed that netropsin was able to block translocation of β-catenin from cytoplasm to nuclear.Conclusions Netropsin can inhibit EMT thereby suppressing migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.The mechanism is that netropsin can compete with HMGA2 for transcription factor binding site thereby suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective To assess the changes in blood coagulation induced by intraoperative blood salvage and reinfusion. Methods Thirty-six ASA I - II patients aged 15-63 yr undergoing elective major orthopedic surgery were paired according to their sex and type of surgery. The paired patients were randomly allocated to either autotransfusion group (study group) or homologous blood transfusion group (control group). Patients with malignant tumor were excluded. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and succinylcholine and maintained with isoflurane inhalation supplemented with intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. During operation deliberate hypotension was induced with 0.01% sodium nitroprusside. Systolic blood pressure was maintained at (90?5) mm Hg or reduced by 30% of the baseline systolic blood pressure. During operation lactated Ringer' s solution was infused at a rate of 10 ml?kg-1?h-1 . In both groups, blood loss was replaced by equal volume of gelatine. Hct was maintained above 25% , CVP at 6 - 10 cmH2O and urine output above 50 ml? h-1 . In autotransfusion group, shed blood was collected and heparinized. Red cells were separated and washed for reinfusion. In control group red cell concentrate was infused. Hb, Hct, platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasma fibrinogen concentration, and thrombin time (TT) were determined and thromboelastography (TEG) was performed before operation (T0 ), before blood transfusion (T1 ), 1 h after blood transfusion (T2) and 24 h after operation (T3) .Results The two groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, duration of operation, blood loss [ (1030 ?610) ml vs (989?586) ml] and the amount of crystalloid and colloid infused during operation. In autotransfusion group Hb decreased significantly after hemodilution. There was no significant difference in PT, APTT, FIB concentration and TT between the two groups. TEG showed that reaction time (r) increased significantly after hemodilution in autotransfusion group as compared with the preoperative baseline value (T0) but there was no significant difference in TEG parameters including r time between the two groups. Conclusion Intraoperative blood salvage and reinfusion induce no significant effects on blood coagulation as compared with allogenic blood transfusion.

Objective:To optimize the formula of 5-aminosalicylic acid enema in situ gel. Methods:5-Aminosalicylic acid ene-mas in situ gel was prepared using a cold dissolution method with carbomer as the gel matrix and xanthan gum as the thickener. A 32 full factorial design was used to investigate the effects of the concentrations of carbomer and xanthan gum on the viscosity before and af-ter the gelling, duration of inversion tube and sedimentation rate. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the formula. Re-sults:The quantitative relationships between the two factors and the four evaluation indices were obtained. The optimum formula was as follows:the concentration of carbopol and xanthan gum in the enema was 0. 7% and 0. 15%, respectively. The viscosity before and af-ter the gelling was 500-1 000 mPa·s and 2 200-2 700 mPa·s, respectively. The duration of inversion tube test was 40-80 min and the sedimentation rate was more than 98. 5%. Conclusion:The multi-objective simultaneous optimization of the formula of 5-aminosal-icylic acid enema in situ gel is accomplished by factorial design and response surface methodology.

It is necessary to build a three-dimensional human body model to display the position and track the route of a micro device inside the human body exactly. The key is to construct a three-dimensional human body model according to the patient characteristic. This paper gives a simple way to build the personal geometric model based on the OpenGL programming in the Visual Basic environment. It is proved that the method contributes to the realtime interactive operation to change the model character according to the individual parameter.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of endovascular embolization and microsurgical clipping on cognitive function in patients with intracranial aneurysm.Methods:A total of 80 patients with intracranial aneurysms,who were treated in Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2014 to September 2015,were selected and randomly divided into control group(n=40) and experimental group (n=40).The control group was treated with microsurgical clipping,and the experimental group,with endovascular embolization.The postoperative cognitive function was assessed by the mini mental state examination scale (MMSE),and length of stay,in-hospital mortality rate,mortality rate in 1 year and the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The total score (26.78± 0.85) of MMSE in the experimental group was higher than that (22.25± 0.63) of the control group (P＜0.05).The cognitive dysfunction rate (37.50％) of the experimental group was lower than that (55.00％) of the control group (P＜0.05).The length of stay [(6.7± 3.9) days] of the experimental group was lower than that [(9.6± 4.5) days] of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality rate and mortality rate in 1 year,and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Endovascular interventional therapy can improve the cognitive function of the patients with intracranial aneurysms and shorten the length of hospital stay.

Cerebral apoplexy is one of the main causes of death in the middle-aged and elderly population,which has higher mortality and disability rate.The incidence of the disease is increasing year by year and it is a serious threat to human life and health.Therefore,it is of great significance to find an effective target for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke.Thioredoxin (Trx) is the major thiol reducing agent in the cells,it is involved in many signal transduction pathways in the cells by regulating the redox state of the cell.It has disulphide reductase activity,which can reduce the oxidative stress injury in the rats after the stroke.Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is an endogenous inhibitor of Trx,it can destroy the redox balance and promote the oxidative stress by binding/inhibiting the activity of Trx,while the inhibition or knockdown of TXNIP has obvious neuroprotective effects.Recent studies suggest that Trx/TXNIP may be involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral apoplexy by a variety of pathways.This article analyses the research status of Trx/TXNIP and studies the localization of Trx system in the central nervous system and the progress of Trx system in ischemic cerebral apoplexy.It reviews the mechanism of Trx/TXNIP in cerebral apoplexy and prospectes the signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiological process of Trx/TXNIP to provide new ideas for the treatment of cerebral apoplexy.

Objective To study the effect of PcG member NSPc1 on proliferation of HeLa cells.Methods Using bioinfomatic analysis to design the siRNA sequence to knockdown NSPc1.Detecting the expression level of NSPc1 in HeLa cell line using semi-quantitative RT-PCR,Real-time PCR and Western blot after transfection of the designed siRNA.Transient transfecting pSUPER-NSPc1 into Hela cells and performing BrdU incorporation assay.Establishing NSPc1 stably knockdown cell line,comparing proliferation abilities with the control cells.Results(1)The designed siRNA did efficiently knockdown the expression of NSPc1;(2)Transient knockdown of NSPc1 could repress BrdU incorporation;(3) The established NSPc1-knockdown cell lines had a significantly lower proliferation rate than that of control cells.Conclusion The expression of NSPc1 is necessary for the normal proliferation of HeLa cells.The NSPc1 stably knockdown cell pool is a useful model for further study of pathway related to NSPc1.

OBJECTIVE:To standardize periooperative prophylactic application of antibiotics. METHODS:According to the characteristics of orthopaedic and parenchyma surgery,classifying evaluation table of typeⅠincision infection risk was designed sci-entifically and rationally. The individual application of antibiotics in surgery patients had been achieved through infection risk evalua-tion. High risk typeⅠincision patients used antibiotics rationally and low risk patients seldom used or didn’t use at all. RESULTS:Through using infection risks classifying table,the rate of antibiotics prophylactic application in typeⅠincision drops from 74.10%to 28.68%,and and the per capita duration of antibiotics prophylactic application shortened from 4.23 d to 2.21 d. The postopera-tive infection rate remained the same. CONCLUSIONS:Through infection risk classifying evaluation,individual application of anti-biotics can be achieved in surgery patients,so as to promote rational use of antibiotics for prophylactic use,reduce antibiotics dos-age and antibiotics abuse under the condition of controllable surgery infection.