Venetoclax is an important breakthrough in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in recent years. A chemo-free treatment of inducing apoptosis drugs combined with hypomethylating agents is used in the management of AML, which brings hope of long-term survival for the elderly patients or patients who cannot tolerate intensive chemotherapy. However, there are still some patients who are resistant to venetoclax-based regimens. This article introduces the new progress of venetoclax in the treatment of AML in combination with reports at the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting.

BACKGROUND:3D bioprinting has been used to print a variety of tissues including skin,vascular tissues,liver,cartilage,cardiac tissues,ear,and adipose tissues.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of 3D bioprinting technology in printing tissues or organs and its research progress in oral medicine.METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of PubMed and CNKI was performed to search articles concerning the application of 3D bioprinting technology in printing tissues,organs and stomatology which were published from 2006 to 2016,using the keywords of 3D bioprinting,3D pinting,organs,tissues,tissue engineering,stomatology,oral,cranio-maxillofacial in English and Chinese,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Direct cell-bioprinting is still in its early stage,even though 3D bioprinting has been applied to print various tissues such as skin,vascular tissues,liver,cartilage and cardiac tissues,etc.Although additive manufacturing technology has been widely used for printing different scaffolds of tissues and organs nowadays,there are no successful bioprinted tissues with biological functions in clinical practice.Even in oral medicine,most of the studies still remain in the stage of printing biological scaffolds.It is a long way to solve the problems such as source of cells,materials of biological scaffolds and types of extracellular matrix in the future,due to the complexity of human organism structure and the function expression of various tissues and organs.

Functional dyspepsia is a common functional gastrointestinal disease , however , the cause of functional dyspepsia has not been fully elucidated .Ghrelin is braingut petide , secreted by major endocrine cells of the stomach ( x/A like cells ) .Its recep-tor is widely distributed in the body .It has many kinds of biological effects , such as regulating growth hormone secretion , feeding and energy balance , affecting neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal function and so on .A growing number of studies have shown that Ghrelin in FD has a positive role in increasing the improvement of food intake and generating hunger , promoting gastric emptying .Ghrelin is a new hot spot in the research of FD .

Objective To investigate the quality of current domestic HIV antibody detecting kits and to assure the credibility of experimental results.Methods The sensitivity and specificity of three kinds of domestic HIV antibody detection ELISA kits made in three different years were evaluated and compared by testing the serum panel from National AIDS Reference Laboratory.Results The sensitivity of kits produced by three domestic manufacturers in 2001 is significantly better than the kits produced in 1998 and 1999.The false negative rates were apparently decreasing.Conclusions The quality of domestic HIV antibody detecting kits has been improving steadily.The sensitivity of double antigen sandwich ELISA assay is apparently better than the indirect ELISA assay.

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC)extracted from the croton oil, it is one of the most powerful inducers of differentiation as well as a powerful tumor promoter. It is used by the study of induction and differentiation generally, because of it can induce the differentiation of tumor cell and promote the lymphocyte transformation and secrete of lymphokine, meanwhile,it is able to induce many kinds of cell of leukemic cell strain like HL-60, HEL and so on, Some literature reported that TPA had the function of differentiation of primary leukemic cell. The article mainly explains the induction and differentiation of leukemic cell by phorbol ester as well as its mechanisms, which to provide the theory evidence for prevention and cure of leukemia.

Objective To observe the effect of porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide (PYP) on cerebrum tissue of diabetic rats and apoptosis. Methods 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetic model group, and treated groups respectively with PYP (0.25 g/kg × d), PYP (0.5 g/kg × d), and PYP (1 g/kg × d). The cerebrum pathologic changes were observed by HE staining method, and the number of apoptotic cells was observed by electrophoresis and the mRNA expression of p53 and bcl-2 was confirmed by RT-PCR. Results PYP improved the cerebrum pathologic changes of diabetic rats. With comparison to the diabetic model group, the cerebrum pathologic change in the treated groups also improved. And the number of apoptotic cells, the expression of p53 in cerebrum tissue decreased and expressions of bcl-2 rose. Conclusion PYP can decrease the expression of p53 in cerebrum tissue and rise expressions of bcl-2 so as to protect brain tissues from cerebral ischemia.

A highly sensitive immuno-PCR assay based on sandwich ELISA and PCR was developed to detect the circulating antigen in trichinellosis. Antigens were purified from the muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis, and the myeloma cells were fused with spenocytes immunized with T. spiralis antigens to product the specific monoclonal antibodies. Indirect ELISA was used to select the antibody-secreting hybrodoma cells. By this method of procedure, monoclonal antibody F4C6 against the T. spiralis ES antigen was obtained, which was used as the indicator antibody, while the rabbit polyclonal antibodies against T. spiralis were to be used as capturing antibodies. The plasmid Bluecript Ⅱ KS was amplified by PCR with biotin-labeled primer M13-20, and thus the biotin-labeled DNA was obtained. Both the second antibody and DNA labeled with biotin were to be linked with 100 ng/ml avidin. The whole procedures of assay consisted of two steps, in which the circulating antigens were captured by monoclonal antibody through sandwich ELISA in the first step, and the DNA linked by monoclonal antibody was amplified by PCR in the second step. The sensitivity of this method was compared with that of the ELISA assay. It was found that the measuring ranges to detect the circulating antigens in trichinellosis were 50 pg/L to 0.005 pg/L for the immuno-PCR assay, and 5 μg/L to 0.05 μg/L for ELISA assay, the former was quite higher than that of the latter. It is evident that this method is highly sensitive for the detection of circulating antigens in trichinellosis.

BACKGROUND:Zinc can improve bone reaction to titanium implants through regulation of osteoblast activity under the condition of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To study the zinc ions effect on improving the stability of titanium implants under the condition of osteoporosis. METHODS:After removal of the ovary, 28 female Sprague-Dawley rats presented with osteoporosis symptoms for 12 weeks and then, they were randomly divided into two groups. Two kinds of titanium implants with (experimental group) or without zinc (control group) were inserted into the bilateral femoral metaphysis longitudinal y in the ovariectomized rats, separately. Three rats were selected from each group for double fluorescence labeling examination. Mineral apposition rate was calculated at postoperatively 6 weeks. Another four rats were selected from each group for histomorphometry analysis at postoperatively 12 weeks. Biomechanical test was in the remaining rats in the two groups to calculate the maximum push-out force and maximum shear force at 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The double fluorescence labeling examination revealed that the mineral apposition rate was improved in the experimental group as compared with the control group (P<0.05). New bone formation occurred in the two groups. However, larger new bone amount, higher bone area ratio and bone-to-implant contact were detected in the experimental group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The maximum push-out force and maximum shear force were also superior in the experimental group to the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These findings indicate that zinc ions are capable of promoting bone formation and improving implant fixation in ovariectomized rats.

Objective Using rapamycin protecting neurons' mitochondrial within injury model of neurodegenerative disease thus to reduce neuronal damage.Methods Parkinson's disease (PD) injury model of cells and animals were established,then rapamycin was added,and induced autophagy,the polarity changes of mitochondrial membrane potential,intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and the contents of NF-κB inside the nucleus after dyeing were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Results Rapamycin can induce autophagy and maintain morphology of mitochondria in cells damaged by MPP+.Mitochondrial membrane potential,level of ROS and contents of NF-κB inside the nuclear can be detected obviously reduced in these cells with rapamycin' s function.Furthermore,rapamycin also protects neurons well within PD models of zebrafish and mouse which are damaged by MPTP.Conclusions Rapamycin induces autophagy and protects mitochondria from damage within neurodegenerative disease,and strengthening this kind of protection of mitochondria is a novel way to deal with neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective To determine whether platelet activation is associated with active ulcerative colius(UC).Methods Platelet aggregability was assessed by means of SH-93 intelligent blood aggregation and coatgulation tester;P-selectin and thromboxane B_2(TXB_2) were detected by means of ELISA method in patients with UC as well as in controls,including healthy volunteers and patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Colonoscopy and biopsy were performed in 45 patients with UC.Results Increased circulating platelet aggregability was detected in active colitis ulcerative colitis compared with IBS and healthy controls(P