To investigate the effects of clonidine on controlled hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside,twenty-four patients (male 17,femai 7,aged 20 to 58 years,ASA Ⅰ to Ⅱ)scheduled for elective craniotomy,were randomly assigned to two groups:control group (Ⅰ,n=12),clonidine group (Ⅱ,n=12) with premedication of clonidine 5?g/kg P. O.. The MAP of both groups decreased by 40% with the infusion of 0.01% sodium nitroprusside solution (SNP). The results showed that the blood pressure was more easily reduced and maitained in group Ⅱ,and the MAP after discontinuing of SNP in group Ⅱ was lower than in group Ⅰ(P

Objective To compare the gas and heat exchange performance of membrane oxygenator DDMO-100S and membrane oxygenator Terumo SX-10 in cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)in children.Methods 39 children aged 3-12 yrs who suffered from congenital heart disease were selected,and the repair of ventricle septal defect or/and atrial septal defect was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass.The 39 children were randomly divided into Group DD(n =21)and Group SX(n = 18).Membrane oxygenator DDMO-100S(Made by Xi'an Daidai,China)was used in Group DD and Membrane oxygenator Terumo SX-10(Made by Terumo,Japan)in Group SX,respectively.The hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with high perfusion flow and the cool crystalloid cardioplegia were applied in all children.The artery blood samples were taken for measuring PO2 and PCO2 and the oxygenating index(OI)was calculated by the formulae(OI = PaO2/FiO2).The temperature at nasal pharynx was monitored and the rewarming time was recorded.Results The total priming volume in Group DD was bigger than in Group SX [(742.5 ± 107.3)ml vs(531.3 ± 84.3)ml,P ＜ 0.05].The PO2,OI and PCO2 at 15 min after CPB or at 5 min before cease of CPB had no differences in both group(P ＞0.05).The rewarming time had no difference in both group [(31.5 ± 10.2)min vs(30.61 ± 8.2)min,P ＞0.05].Conclusions Under our observation condition,the gas and heat exchange performance of membrane oxygenator DDMO-100S were the same as membrane oxygenator Terumo SX-10,when it was used in cardiopulmonary bypass in children,but it had a little bit more priming volume.

DICOM is a standard for data format and transmission of digital medical image. DICOM Data Set is a binary data stream using DICOM encoding rule. DICOM Nesting Data Set is a kind of complex Data Set with a tree structure, and is widely used in DICOM services and encoding of DICOM files for its special structure. In this article, the functions and encoding rule of Data Set and Nesting Data Set in DICOM format are presented, and the way of parsing and organizing of them is put forward. The realization method and practical application are also discussed.

Objective To observe the expression and the clinical significance of P 170 and CD 34 in primary acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)patients.Methods The expression of P 170 and CD 34 was determined by flow cytometry in 30 AML patients.Results The P 170 positive rate was 36.67%,the patients with the P 170 positive expression had higher resistant rate to chemotherapy as compared with P 170 negative group(P

Objective:To prepare PLGA nanoparticles modified with folic acid conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide containing pa-clitaxel (F-CS-PLGA-NPs) and study the inhibitory effect on SKOV-3. Methods:F-CS-PLGA-NPs were prepared by an interface dep-osition method, 30% ethanol was used as the release medium for the in vitro release profiles of nanoparticles, and MTT was adopted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel with different formulations and concentrations on SKOV-3. Results:The particle size and zeta potential of F-CS-PLGA-NPs was (321 ± 0. 76) nm and (22. 6 ± 0. 26) mV, respectively, the drug loading was (5. 1 ± 0. 25)%, and the encapsulation efficiency was (41. 96 ± 1. 96)%. F-CS-PLGA-NPs had a similar in vitro release profiles with the ordinary nanoparti-cles ( PLGA-NPs) . About 35% of paclitaxel was released from the nanoparticles in the initial 24 h, and then a near zero order release at a relative slow rate was shown, and the cumulative release rate in 144 h was about 75%. The results of cell experiments suggested that at the same paclitaxel concentration, the inhibition effect of F-CS-PLGA-NPs group was stronger than that of the PLGA-NPs group and the solution group. The inhibition effect of F-CS-PLGA-NPs could be reduced by free folic acid. Conclusion:PLGA nanoparticles modified with folic acid conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide can increase the targeting efficiency in SKOVS-3 tumor cells.

Objective To study the expression and enzyme activity of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) in liver and peripheral blood of human and rats exposed to airborne arsenic through coal-burning as well as its role in liver injury of coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning.Methods This study was divided into 2 parts.Part 1 was a population study:133 local residents exposed to airborne arsenic through coal-burning were selected as arsenic exposure groups including a non-patient group (25 cases),no obvious hepatopathy group (38 cases),mild (43 cases) and moderate to severe hepatopathy groups (27 cases) from areas affected by endemic arsenism in Guizhou Province.Thirty-four healthy residents from arsenic not affected areas were selected as controls.Peripheral blood samples were collected from all these people.The expression of TrxR1 mRNA was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR),and enzyme activity of TrxR was tested by visible spectrophotometry.Part 2 was an animal experiment study:Thirty Wistar rats,weighing about 80-100 g,were divided into control group,drinking-waterborne arsenic poisoning group and coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning group (including low,medium and high arsenic contaminated grain groups) by means of a table of random number according to body mass,6 rats in each group.The control group was fed with normal diet for 3 months; drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning group and coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning group were fed with 10 mg/kg As2O3 solution and different concentrations(25,50,100 mg/kg) of arsenic-containing feed,respectively,for 3 months.The expression of TrxR1 mRNA was determined by qPCR; protein expression level of TrxR1 in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry,and enzyme activity of TrxR in serum and liver tissue was tested by visible spectrophotometry.Results The mRNA expressions of TrxR1 in peripheral blood were 1.599 8 (1.128 9-2.156 8),1.469 3 (1.146 1-1.976 3),1.203 6 (0.463 1-1.816 2) and 0.912 3(0.631 8-1.535 0),respectively,among non-patient group,no obvious hepatopathy group,mild and moderate to severe hepatopathy groups.Compared to the control group[1.649 7(1.161 1-2.380 2)],the differences were significant statistically in mild and moderate to severe hepatopathy groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The enzyme activity of TrxR in peripheral blood was (3.12 ± 0.76),(2.81 ± 0.84),(2.52 ± 0.73),(2.42 ± 0.76)U/ml,respectively,in those corresponding groups.Compared to the control group [(3.02 ± 0.70)U/ml],the differences were significant statistically in mild and moderate to severe hepatopathy groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expressions of TrxR1 in peripheral blood were 1.05 ± 0.14,1.18 ± 0.18,1.04 ± 0.10 and 0.97 ± 0.13,respectively,among drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning group,low,medium and high arsenic contaminated grain groups; all of which were lower than that in the control group (1.23 ± 0.15,all P ＜ 0.05) except that of the low arsenic contaminated grain group.The mRNA expressions of TrxR1 in liver tissue were 0.78± 0.10,0.83 ± 0.10,0.79 ± 0.09 and 0.77 ± 0.11,respectively; all of which were lower than that in the control group (0.94 ± 0.12,all P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression of TrxR1 in liver tissue was 310.33 ± 38.81,312.50 ± 23.36,305.67 ± 20.57 and 298.17 ± 23.52,respectively,among the arsenic poisoning groups; all of which were lower than that in the control group (348.50 ± 32.35,all P ＜ 0.05).The enzyme activity of TrxR in serum was (4.22 ± 0.73),(4.86 ± 0.63),(4.04 ± 0.57),(3.73 ± 0.64)U/ml,respectively; all of which were lower than that in the control group [(9.52 ± 1.08)U/ml,all P ＜ 0.05].The enzyme activity of TrxR in liver tissue was (14.82 ± 1.67),(18.76 ± 2.76),(14.90 ± 2.17),(11.55 ± 1.74) U/mg,respectively; all of which were lower than that in the control group [(23.71 ± 3.05)U/mg,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Arsenic aggravates liver injury of coal-burning arsenic poisoning through down-regulating the expressions of TrxR1 mRNA and protein and reducing its enzyme activity as well.

BACKGROUND:Zinc can improve bone reaction to titanium implants through regulation of osteoblast activity under the condition of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To study the zinc ions effect on improving the stability of titanium implants under the condition of osteoporosis. METHODS:After removal of the ovary, 28 female Sprague-Dawley rats presented with osteoporosis symptoms for 12 weeks and then, they were randomly divided into two groups. Two kinds of titanium implants with (experimental group) or without zinc (control group) were inserted into the bilateral femoral metaphysis longitudinal y in the ovariectomized rats, separately. Three rats were selected from each group for double fluorescence labeling examination. Mineral apposition rate was calculated at postoperatively 6 weeks. Another four rats were selected from each group for histomorphometry analysis at postoperatively 12 weeks. Biomechanical test was in the remaining rats in the two groups to calculate the maximum push-out force and maximum shear force at 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The double fluorescence labeling examination revealed that the mineral apposition rate was improved in the experimental group as compared with the control group (P<0.05). New bone formation occurred in the two groups. However, larger new bone amount, higher bone area ratio and bone-to-implant contact were detected in the experimental group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The maximum push-out force and maximum shear force were also superior in the experimental group to the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These findings indicate that zinc ions are capable of promoting bone formation and improving implant fixation in ovariectomized rats.

Objective To evaluate the chnical value of intervention therapy combined with the foot plastic surgery in the treatment of diabetic foot.Methods 67 patients who accepted the intervention therapy combined with the plastic surgery for occlusive lesion of lower limbs arteries were selected.The clinical symptom,ankle brachial pressure index and hemodynamics were observed before and after treatment.All clinical indicators were compared between the therapeutic group and the control group.Results Among 67 patients,63 cases were successful in clinical treatment (the success rate:94.0％).One month,three months,six months after operation,the skin temperature,anklebrachial index,limp distance,clinical symptom,ankle brachial pressure index and hemodynamics were increased.Compared with preoperation,all above-mentioned indicators were improved obviously (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Intervention therapy for diabetic foot has the merits of less trauma,higher effectiveness of treating diabetic foot ulcers,defect repair,maximally reserved limbs and better shapes of limbs,which made both doctors and patients satisfied.It is a new direction for minimally invasive therapy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of proximal percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with distal open osteotomy for sagittal plane imbalance of adult spinal deformity.Methods From January 2011 to June 2015,23 patients with diagnosis of adult spinal deformity were treated with proximal percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with distal open osteotomy,there were 8 males and 15 females,aged from 52 to 67 years old (average,62.1 years old).The operation time,blood loss,drainage and perioperative complications were recorded;standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the whole spine were taken and the following parameters were measured:sagittal vertical axis (SVA),lumbar lordosis(LL),pelvic tilt (PT),sacral slope (SS),pelvic incidence/lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL),the above parameters were compared between preoperation and postoperation.Oswestry disability index (ODI) was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results The mean operation time was 253.9±52.1 min,the mean blood loss and drainage was 1 258.5±272.2 ml and 725.1 ± 135.2 ml.No patient got infected,died or had deep vein thrombosis.All patients were followed up for an average of 21.2 months (range,13-52 m).The SVA was restored from 12.6±1.4 cm to 3.5±0.7 cm.In addition,LL,SS,PT,and PL-LL were improved from 13.5°±2.3°,13.9°±2.3°,29.7°±9.6°,29.5°±13.7° to 38.8°±9.6°,25.5°±5.8°,18.9°±8.2°,7.1°±3.6°.The ODI score decreased from 40.3％±12.5％ to 13.6％±2.57％ at the time of the last follow-up compared with preoperation.Conclusion Proximal percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with distal open osteotomy for sagittal plane imbalance of adult spinal deformity could restore the sagittal balance and improve the quality of life.

Objective The aim of this study was designed to investigate the changes of macrophages and activated microglias in white matter damage (WMD) in premature infants and effects of allopurinol. Methods An animal model for WMD was established by bilateral carotid artery occulation (BCAO). Forty-two newborn SD rats (1 day old) were divided randomly into 3 groups: sham surgery group (Sham), BCAO group (BCAO) and allopurinol treated group (ALLO). Pathological changes were studied 7 days and 14 days after BCAO, respectively. Macrophages and activated microglias were detected by immunohistochemistry 7 days and 14 days after BCAO, respectively. Results In BCAO group, Ten cases had mild or severe rarefaction in the corpus callosum area, especially at the cingulum. Pathological changes of white matter were found in 4 cases in internal capsule. Eight cases had subcortex white matter rarefaction. The extent of white matter rarefaction in ALLO group was reduced significantly. Enlargement of bilateral ventricles was found in 6 of 8 cases in BCAO group. Compared to BCAD group [(3.27±0.73)%] the average ventricle size was reduced significantly in ALLO group [(2.44±0.71)%] (P<0.05). ED1 positive cells were found in corpus callosum,hippocampus, and internal capsule in all groups. BCAO group had more ED1 positive cells than the other two groups, and the staining extent in BCAO group was stronger than that in the other two groups. Conclusions BCAO could be used in newborn rats (1 day old) to establish a premature WMD animal model. Macrophages and microglias may play an important role in premature WMD. ALLO may have a potential protective effect on premature SD rat with ischemic WMD.