OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of drug release and the factors affecting the in vitro dissolubility of diclofenac potassium double-layer tablets(DPD).METHODS:UV-spectrophotometry and rotating basket method in the pha-rmacopeia of China 2000 edition were used to determine the in vitro dissolubility of DPD and Higuchi equation was adopeted to simulate the in vitro drug release.The main parameters of dissolution were stastistically analysed.RESULTS:Dissolution parameters of DPD were as follows:T0.3=0.10h,Td=3.30h,T0.9=9.19h.Hardness of tablets did not affect the dissolution rate significantly;pH of dissolution media significantly influenced on the rate.Rotation speed had a significant effect on dissolution action only at the beginning of test.CONCLUSION:DPD has good properties of fast and sustained release.Proper media is the key of in vitro drug release test,however,the ultimate results should be based on in vivo trial.

Olfaction is one of the ancient sensing capabilities and plays an important role in monitoring environment. Although olfactory loss is common, it's obviously underappretiated by medical community generally. In order to help patients with those problems, the author gives an brief review about the characters of common etiologies, treatment and prognosis of Olfactory Dysfunction. It's concluded that most usual causes resulting in dysos- mia are upper-respiratory-tract infections, trauma, and chronic rhinosinusitis; and our understanding of the olfaction mechanism grows, but frustratingly, aside from the possible therapeutic potential of systemic steroids, no method has been proved to have solid evidence for curing olfactory loss; so we need more new basic and clinic research to develop effective therapeutic intervention.
Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; etiology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sinusitis ; Smell

Objective To evaluate the effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( PEG) on the nutritional status and complication rate in patients with enteral nutrition support.Methods Sixty five patients receiving PEG from January 2008 to December 2014 were enrolled in the study.The nutritional status was examined and the incidence of complications was documented before and after PEG.Results The serum albumin, body mass index (BMI) and arm muscle circumference were (29.2 ±3.2)g/L, (18.0 ± 1.0)kg/m2, (21.1 ±1.9)cm and (32.9 ±3.0)g/L, (18.8 ±1.6)kg/m2, (23.0 ±3.0)cm before and 1 month after PEG, respectively (t=-6.798, -3.202 and -3.957, all P<0.05).Compared to those before PEG, the serum albumin, BMI and arm muscle circumference at 3 and 6 months after PEG were increased to ( 35.4 ±4.9 ) g/L, ( 19.7 ±1.4 ) kg/m2 , ( 24.9 ±2.2 ) cm ( t =-7.845, -7.202,-10.432, all P<0.05) and (37.9 ±3.7)g/L, (20.7 ±1.6)kg/m2, (26.9 ±3.7)cm (t=-14.046,-10.686, -9.827, all P<0.05), respectively.Compared to those with nasal feeding, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was decreased from 62% ( 40/65 ) to 18% ( 10/57 ) and the incidence of reflux esophagitis was decreased from 51% (33/65) to 19% (11/57) 6 months after PEG, respectively (χ2 =24.3 and 13.5, all P<0.01).Conclusion PEG can improve nutritional status and reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and reflux esophagitis for patients with enteral nutrition support.

Identification and classification of white blood cells are important for clinical diagnosis.Many researchers have been seeking the effective methods for white blood cells' automatic classification based on morphological characters.After cell segmentation,leukocytes' feature acquirement and selection,this paper accomplishes white blood cells' automatic classification using Sugeno-model fuzzy neural network and compares the result with that from classifier of BP network.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,endoscopic characteristics and methods for diagnosis and treatment of ischemic colitis.Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with ischemic colitis were retrospectively analyzed.Results Ischemic colitis occurred more often in elderly patients.Male and female ratio was 1 ∶1.8.The patients often had concomitant basic diseases,such as diabetes mellitus (53.6％,30/56),hypertension (39.3％,22/56),coronary heart disease (32.1％,18/56).The main manifestations of ischemic colitis were abdominal pain (100.0％,56/56) and bloody stools (89.3％,50/56).The lesions revealed by colonoscopy were mainly located in the left colon and distributed in a segmental pattern,and the pathological changes included mucosal edema,congestion,erosion and ulceration.The prognosis was good in most cases.Conclusions Ischemic colitis should be suspected in elderly patients with acute abdominal pain and bloody stools.Early colonoscopy is helpful for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ischemic colitis.

Objective:To observe the effect of Pihui Sachet on influenza A and B virus.Methods:The Pihui Sachet and mice were put in the same sealed container,four days later,the mice were infected with influenza A and B virus,the survival rate and lung index of the mice were compared.Results:The Pihui Sachet could alleviate the pulmonary disease,decrease the lung index,reduce the death rate,prolong survival days of the mice infected with influenza A and B virus.Conclusion:The Pihui Sachet had antiviral effect on the influenza A and B virus.

Aim To observe the changes of diaphragm contractility and cytoskeletal proteins titin,nebulin and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase gene expressions in adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity in rats.Methods The animal models of diaphragm damage were duplicated by injecting adriamycin into abdominal cavity one time.Forty male sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=10):Three groups received adriamycin in low,middle and high dosage(10,20 and 40 mg·kg~(-1))respectively.Meanwhile,the normal saline was given to rats in control groups.Three days later,these rats were killed,and the diaphragm was removed by thoracotomy.The diaphragm contractility was assessed in isolated diaphragm strips perfusion by these paramemters including peak twitch tension(Pt),maximum tetanic tension(Po),time to peak contraction(CT),half relaxaion time(1/2RT),maximal rates of contraction(+dt/dt_(max))and maximal rates of relaxation(-dt/dt_(max)).The expressions of titin,nebulin and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase(SERCA)at mRNA level were detected by RT-PCR analysis.Results In contrast to those in control group,Po,Pt,±dt/dt_(max) in the adriamycin group were lower(P<0.01);CT,1/2RT in the adriamycin group increased significantly(P<0.01).The levels of titin,nebulin and SERCA gene expressions in middle-dose group were lower than those in control group(P<0.01).Conclusions The mRNA levels of titin,nebulin and SERCA of diaphragm are down-regulated in adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity in rats.It may be associated with the decline of diaphragm contractility.

Objective:To study the feasibility of using sevoflurane induction in infants' removing stitches after cleft lip surgery. Methods:60 infants after cleft lip surgery were randomly divided into three groups:group K (ketamine group,n=20),group S (sevoflurane group,n=20) and group SN (sevoflurane and nitrous oxide group,n=20). Group K were given intramuscular ketamine 5 mg/kg,midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and atropine 0.01 mg/kg. Group S were induced with inhalation of 8% sevoflurane under 6 L/min oxygen. Group SN were induced with inhalation of 8% sevoflurane under 4 L/min nitrous oxide and 2 L/min oxygen. After induction,anesthesia was continued with inhalation of sevoflurane under 3 L/min oxygen for 2 min before starting removing stitches. HR and SpO2 were monitored regularly during operation. The induction time,recovery time,occurrence of head moving,complication such as respiratory depression and increased secretion were recorded. Results:Induction and recover time in group S and group SN were similar,but faster than that of group K. Head moving in group S and group SN were less than that in group K. There happened glossoptosis and increased secretion in all the three groups,but no differences were found significantly. Conclusion:Inhaled induction of sevoflurane has more rapid induction and recover compared with intramuscular ketamine,and can be used safely in infants' removing stitches after cleft lip surgery. Additional inhalation of nitrous oxide can not shorten infants' induction and recovery time than sevoflurane inhalation alone.

Objective To investigate the correlation of HIF-1α and hypoxia in keloids fibroblasts, and to investigate the mechanism that hypoxia promotes abnormal scarring by HIF-1α pathway. Methods Keloid fibroblasts cultured in vitro were placed in an incubator with different O2 concentrations. After 24 h, the keloid fibroblasts were collected for further study. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of HIF-1α in the keloid fibroblasts. Results Relative amounts of HIF-1α in keloid fibroblasts cultured under O2 concentrations at 20 %, 10 %, 5 % and 1 % were 0. 007 ±0. 006, 0. 133 ±0. 006, 0. 537±0. 015 and 0. 903±0. 021, respectively. It indicated that hypoxia could increase the expression of HIF-lα in keloid fibroblasts. Conclusions Hypoxia can induce the expression of HIF-1α in fibroblasts of keloids. Moreover, there still is a positive relation between hypoxia and the expression of HIF-1α. Therefore, a close relationship exists between abnormal scarring and HIF-1α pathway by hypoxia.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of HC-videolaryngoscopy in nasotracheal intubation for patients with predicted diffi-cult airway undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery.Methods:70 patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery with predicted difficult airway were enroled and randomly divided into 2 groups(n =35).Nasotacheal intubation was performed with HC-videolaryngoscopy (group VL)and Macintosh laryngoscopy(group ML)respectively.The duration and success rate of intubation,degree of glottis expo-sure,hemodynamic response as well as intubation related complications were evaluated.Results:There was higher success rate of first attempt(P <0.05),shorter intubation duration(P <0.05)and fewer frequency of multiple intubation(P <0.05)in group VL than in group ML.During intubation,the first and the best Cormack-Lehane laryngeal view was better in group VL(P <0.05)and less intuba-tion assistance was required in group VL(P <0.05).1 3 patients in group ML were intubated with VL after failure of the first attempt with ML.Conclusion:HC-videolaryngoscopy is safe and effective in the nasotracheal intubation for the patients with predicted difficult airway undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery.