The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of anterior segment optical coherence tomography to assess the anterior segment morphology of hyperopia in school-aged children. 320 eyes of 160 school-aged children, 6-12 years of age, were examined with anterior segment optical coherence tomography and were divided into four groups according to the cycloplegic spherical equivalence of refractive error. The mentioned four groups were: emmetropia group, low hyperopia group, moderate hyperopia group and high hyperopia group. The measurements of central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, angle opening distance, trabecular iris space area and scleral angle were compared in pairs among objects in the four groups. The results showed that high hyperopia and moderate hyperopia had shallower anterior chamber depth and narrower anterior chamber angle compared to those in emmetropia group. The study also showed that anterior segment optical coherence tomography as a non-contact technology could become a new technology for accessing the anterior segment morphology of hyperopia in school-aged children.
Anterior Chamber ; pathology ; Child ; Eye Diseases, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; diagnosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of BIS value for monitoring the depth of sevoflurane-nitrous oxide in children. Methods Seventy-two ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children aged 1-14 yr undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 24 each) :sevoflurane group (group S), sevoflurane + 30% N2O group (group SN1 )and sevoflurane + 60% N2O (group SN2 ). Anesthesia was induced with atropine, lidocaine, propofol, rocuronium and remifentanil. After tracheal intubation, the patients were mechanically ventilated. PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with 2.5% sevoflurane combined with 0, 30% and 60% nitrous oxide in group S, SN1 and SN2 respectively. The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (CETSev) was maintained at 2.5%, 2.0% and 1.5%. Each CETSev was maintained for at least 10 min after the begining of the surgery. Then the CETSev was modified to maintain BIS value at 40-60. BIS value was recorded before anesthesia induction and each stable CETSev. CETSev was recorded at maintaining BIS value of 40-60 for at least 20 min ( C50 ).Results BIS value and C50 were significantly lower in group SN2 than in group S and SN1 ( P ＜ 0.05), while no significant difference was found between group S and SN1 ( P ＞ 0.05). BIS value was negatively correlated with CETSev in all 3 groups (r = -0.736, -0.817, -0.729, P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in the correlation coefficients among the 3 groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion BIS value can accurately reflect the depth of sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in children.

Objective To study the in vitro effects of different doses and different kinds of LMWH on CR, and to determine whether the CR test could be used to monitor LMWH. Methods The CR value was measured with different reagents ( glass beads, celite and kaolin ) in blood samples from twenty volunteer donors, which were spiked with increasing concentration of LMWH ( dalteparin, 0-1.8 IU/ml ). Then the CR test was performed again on the same blood samples spiked with the same concentration ( 0. 8 IU/ml ) but different LMWH ( dalteparin, enoxaparin and nadroparin ). Regression analysis was performed to establish a regression equation from corresponding LMWH levels. Results With the increasing of dalteparin dose, CR values were reduced gradually for all three reagents. When the concentration of dalteparin was 0-1.8 IU/ml,the value of CR was 20. 0-4. 5 IU/min for glass beads, 26. 1-6.6 IU/min for celite and 27. 2-7. 5 IU/min for kaolin. An exponential relationship was observed between the CR value and dalteparin concentration for three reagents( R2 = -0.796, -0.884, -0.921 ,P ＜0.01 ). All three kinds of LMWH with the same concentration (0.8 IU/ml ) induced a different change in CR. The value of CR was 7.4 IU/min with dalteparin,8. 5 IU/min with enoxaparin and 8.5 IU/min with nadroparin. Compared with the control group ( CR was 17.6 IU/min ), three kinds of LMWH had statistical significance ( t = 18.45, 12. 33, 14. 93, P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with the enoxaparin and nadroparin, dalteparin induced a higher CR value ( t = 2. 552,2. 924,P＜0. 05 ). Conclusions There is an exponential relationship between CR value and dalteparin concentration for three reagents. Three kinds of LMWH can significantly reduce the value of CR. CR test can be used to monitor the anticoagulant effect of LMWH.

Objective To investigate impact of admission renal dysfunction on in-hospital and longterm outcome of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods This was a multicentre,observational,prospective-cohort study.Totally 718 consecutive patients were admitted to 19 hospitals in Beijing within 24 hours of onset of STEMI.Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the abbreviated MDRD equation.The patients were categorized into two groups as renal preservation group(eGFR ≥60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2) and renal dysfunction group(eGFR ＜ 60 ml ·min-1 · 1.73 m-2).The association between admission renal dysfunction and in-hospital and six-year outcome was evaluated.Results A total of 718 patients with STEMI were evaluated.There were 551 men and 167 women with age of (61.0 ± 13.0) years.One hundred and thirty-three patients(18.5％) had renal dysfunction.Patients with renal dysfunction were more often female and older,more patients had hypertension,diabetes and heart failure,and more patients had ≥ Killip Ⅱ classes on admission.These patients were less likely to present with chest pain.The in-hospital mortality(16.5％ vs 2.6％,P＜0.001),major adverse cardiac events(MACE) (60.9％ vs 24.4％,P ＜0.001),six-year all-cause mortality(35.3％vs 11.4％,P ＜ 0.001),six-year cardiac mortality (15.9％ vs 5.7％,P =0.001) and six-year MACE (52.4％ vs 28.0％,P ＜ 0.001)were markedly increased in renal dysfunction group than in renal preservation group.After adjusting for other confounding factors,renal dysfunction was an independent predictor of in-hospital MACE (OR 2.120,95％ CI 1.563-2.878,P =0.003),six-year all-cause mortality (RR 2.122,95％ CI 1.127-3.996,P =0.020) and six-year MACE(RR 1.586,95％ CI 1.003-2.530,P =0.047).Conclusions The mortality and MACE in STEMI patients with renal dysfunction were higher than in those with preserved renal function.Renal dysfunction evaluated by eGFR on admission is an important independent predictor of short-term and long-term outcome in patients with acute STEMI.

Amhlyopia is a developmental disorder of visual system caused by abnormal visual experiences in critical period,whose characteristic is low monocular or binocular best corrected visual acuity and without ocular organic lesions.With the development of the research,more and more studies showed that amblyopia can not only lead to a reduction in corrected visual acuity,but also accompany by many other visual defects,such as visual crowd effect,impaired spatial contrast sensitivity,decreased vernier acuity,contour integration deficit,orientation discrimination deficit,temporal processing deficit and global processing deficit,which has become a common concern of a social problem.A comprehensive understanding of visual defects in amblyopia is of great significance on the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia.This paper summarized the research progress of various visual defects of amblyopia,so as to provide references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia.

Objective To investigate the molecular size distribution and the structure of group B me-ningococcal capsular polysaccharides for the development of vaccines .Methods The molecular size distribution of group B meningococcal capsular polysaccharides was analyzed by chromatography on a Sepharose CL -4B col-umn.The molecular weight of repeat units were measured by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).The structural characteristics of group B meningococcal capsular polysaccharides were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR) based on the chemical shift of all charac-teristic protons by using group C meningococcal capsular polysaccharides and sialic acid as the controls .Results The KD value of group B meningococcal capsular polysaccharides extracted from 15 strains were ranged from 0.60 to 0.76.The molecular weight of repeat units was 284, which was identical to the theoretical value .The group B meningococcal capsular polysaccharides were 2→8 linked homopolymers of sialic acid lacking O-acetyl groups.Conclusion The group B meningococcal capsular polysaccharides had lower molecular weights , which might result in their poor immunogenicity .The structure of group B meningococcal capsular polysaccharides could be quickly and accurately analyzed by NMR technology .

Objective To observe the process of polyamidoamine dendrimer modified single walled carbon nanotubes complexes (CNT-PAMAM-D) entering into pancreatic cancer BxPC3 cells, and to evaluate its safety as a vector. Methods The CNT-PAMAM-D were prepared by ultrasound, mixing and rinsing, and the morphology was characterized by atom force microscopy and transmission electron microscope. Then the prepared CNT-PAMAM-D was incubated with human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 cells for 12, 48, 72hours, and then the cells were collected. Distribution of CNT-PAMAM-D in cells and cell ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results After the combination of PAMAM-D and CNT, the surface of CNT was surrounded by dendrimer and nanocomposite particles with a size of 20 nm was formed. It was showed that CNT-PAMAM-D could be transfected into human pancreatic cancer cells by cell pinocytotic way, and it entered cytoplasm at 12 h. With the extension of the transfecting time, CNT-PAMAM-D could enter lysosomal and nucleus, but the morphology and ultrastructure ocf BxPC 3 cells was not significantly changed. Conclusions The CNT-PAMAM-D is a highly effective and safe nano vector.

Objective To investigate the variation of procalcitonin(PCT) in blood and tissue level of acute pancreatitis rats and probe its significant. Methods One hundred and two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group ( n = 6 ), lipopolysaccharide group ( LPS, n = 24 ), acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) group ( n = 24), acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) group ( n = 24), AN P + LPS group ( n = 24). Subcutaneous injection of cerulein was used for AEP induction, while ANP model was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliary and pancreatic duct. The rats were sacrificed at 3,6, 18 and 24 hours after model induction. Pancreatic tissue was harvested and the pathological scores were assessed. Levels of PCT in serum, liver, lung, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine tissue was harvested and tissue levels of PCT were determined. Results AEP and ANP models were established successfully. At 6 h, the serum levels of PCT in control group, LPS group, AEP group, ANP group and ANP +LPS group were (0.0144 ±0.0082) ng/ml, (0. 1722 ±0.0449) ng/ml,(0.4751 ±0.0572) ng/ml, (0.7070 ±0. 1040) ng/ml and ( 1. 1960 ±0.8644) ng/ml, respectively; and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05 ). PCT could be detected in liver, lung, spleen, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine tissue of normal rats. PCT levels in liver and pancreas of ANP group were not statistically different, but the PCT levels in lung, spleen, and large intestine tissue significantly decreased, and the corresponding values were (5.63 ±0.62) ng/ml vs. (6.85 ±0.46) mg/ml, (4.73 ±1.27) mg/ml vs. (6.88 ±0.37) ng/ml, (1.08 ±0.52) ng/ml vs. (4.12 ± 1.02) ng/ml (P <0.01 ). However, the PCT levels in small intestine significantly increased, which were (2.51 ±0.90) ng/ml vs (0.98 ±0. 12) ng/ml (P<0. 01). Conclusions Serum PCT level was associated with the severity of AP and infection; the changes of PCT levels in different tissues may be related with the changes of organ's function.

BACKGROUNDNumerous previous studies have shown that renal insufficiency (RI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. These studies do not well address the impact of RI on the long-term outcome of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of admission RI and inhospital and long-term mortality of patients with acute STEMI.

METHODSThis was a multicenter, observational, prospective-cohort study. 718 consecutive patients were admitted to 19 hospitals in Beijing within 24 hours of onset of STEMI, between January 1,2006 and December 31,2006. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the modified abbreviated modification of diet in renal disease equation-based on the Chinese chronic kidney disease patients. The patients were categorized according to eGFR, as normal renal dysfunction (eGFR ≥ 90 ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 ), mild RI (60 ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 ≤ eGFR < 90 ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 ) and moderate or severe RI (eGFR < 60 ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 ). The association between RI and inhospital and 6-year mortality of was evaluated.

RESULTSSeven hundred and eighteen patients with STEMI were evaluated. There were 551 men and 167 women with a mean age of 61.0 ± 13.0 years. Two hundred and eighty patients (39.0%) had RI, in which 61 patients (8.5%) reached the level of moderate or severe RI. Patients with RI were more often female, elderly, hypertensive, and more patients had heart failure and stroke with higher killip class. Patients with RI were less likely to present with chest pain. The inhospital mortality (1.4% vs. 5.9% vs. 22.9%, P < 0.001), 6-year all-cause mortality (9.5% vs. 19.8 vs. 45.2%, P < 0.001) and 6-year cardiac mortality (2.9% vs. 12.2% vs. 23.8%, P < 0.001) were markedly increased in patients with RI. After adjusting for other confounding factors, classification of admission renal function was an independent predictor of inhospital mortality (Odd ratio, 1.966; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002-3.070, P = 0.019), 6-year all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR] = 1.501, 95% CI: 1.018-4.373, P = 0.039) and 6-year cardiac mortality (RR = 1.663, 95% CI: 1.122-4.617, P = 0.042).

CONCLUSIONSRI is very common in STEMI patients. RI evaluated by eGFR is an important independent predictor of short-term and long-term outcome in patients with acute STEMI.

Aged ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; physiology ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Renal Insufficiency ; mortality ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material,and to compare the contents of two components in reference medicinal material and commercially available medicinal material.METHODS:Pre-column derivatization was adopted for pretreatment.The content of L-Hyp was determined by HPLC.The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.5,7 ∶ 93,V/V)-acetonitrile-water (4 ∶ 1,V/V) (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 254 urn,and column temperature was set at 43 ℃.The sample size was 20 μL.The content of collagen was calculated by using convert coefficient.RESULTS:The linear range of L-Hyp were 2.5-40 μg/mL(r=0.999 9).LOQ was 0.20 μg/mL,and LOD was 0.05 t g/mL.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 4.0％.The recoveries were 96.03％-102.07％ (RSD =2.20％,n =9).There was difference in the contents of L-Hyp and collagen among 28 batches of commercially available medicinal material.The contents of two components in 13 batches of commercially available Colla Corii Asini were relative close to reference medicinal material;5 batches of Colla Carapacis et Plastri Testudinis and 7 batches of Cervi Comus Colla were much higher than those of reference medicinal material.CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,reliable and suitable for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material.