Objective To study the expression of transforming growth factor beta1(TGF-β1)and its type I receptors activin-like kinase 1(ALK1)in the human brain glioma and estimate the significance in the pathogenisis and development of human glioma . Methods The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and ALK1 were detected with semiquantitative RT-PCR ,Western blot and Immunohistochemistry in 3 normal brain tissues and 32 patiens with human glioma .Results ALK1 and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein sometimes had co-expression in human gliomas tissues .Compared with those normal brain tissues ,the expression of TGF-β1 and ALK1 mRNA and protein in high grade gliomas were significantly increased (P<0 .05) ,the overexpression of ALK1 in human gliomas was demonstrated significant positive correlation with the pathological grades of gliomas (r=0 .297 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The overexpression of ALK1 may play important role in the development of human brain glioma .

Bone organoids can simulate the complex structure and function of the bone tissues, which makes them a frontier technology in organoid researches. Bone organoids show a tremendous potential of applications in bone disease modeling, bone injury repair, and medicine screening. Although advancements have been made so far in constructing bone organoids with functional structures like mineralization, bone marrow, trabecular bone, callus, woven bone, etc, the researches in this field are confronted with numerous challenges such as lack of standardized construction strategies and unified evaluation criteria, which limits their further promotion and application. To standardize researches in bone organoids, the Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatric Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, the Youth Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association, the Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Surgeon Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and the Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine organized related experts to formulate Expert consensus on the construction, evaluation, and application of bone organoids ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 17 recommendations were put forth, aiming to standardize researches and clinical applications of bone organoids and enhance their value in scientific research and clinical practice.

Rats ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism* ; Biological Transport