This practice of villagers' autonomy in township governance has transformed the income model of rural doctors,desalinated the nature of public welfare of village clinics,weakened the occupational attractions of rural doctors,softened the once strict assessment on rural doctors previously conducted by health authorities,and affected the selection of rural doctors in their place of practice.These setbacks discourage professionals in becoming rural doctors,and discourage their incentive to be competent.Outcomes of such a practice include shrinkage medical and health services provided in different degrees,poor distribution of rural doctors in overlapping,shifts or blank,all these affecting the equity and accessibility of the rural residents' access to basic medical and health services,and the construction of rural harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of aerobic exercise on serum leptin,interleukin-18 (IL-18),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1),C reaction protein (CRP) concentration,and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of patients with metabolic syndrome ( MS),and to explore its mechanism.MethodsForty sedentary patients with MS were randomly divided into exercise group and fenofibrate group.Patients in exercise group were trained at anaerobic threshold intensity (30 min/times) for 12 weeks (5 times/wk).Patients in fenofibrate group were treated with fenofibrate 200 mg every night.Serum leptin,IL-18,CRP,and sICAM-1 concentration were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Twenty healthy subjects were selected as the control group.ResultsSerum concentration of leptin [ ( 26.04 ± 9.07 ) ng/ml vs ( 8.32 ± 2.94 ) ng/ml,t =12.72,P ＜0.01 ],IL-18[ (308.27 ±50.39)pg/ml vs (230.60 ±29.15)pg/ml,t =6.41,P ＜0.01 ],CRP[ (2.65±0.57)ng/ml vs ( 1.26 ±0.23) ng/ml,t =9.69,P ＜0.01 ],sICAM-1 [ (331.89 ±60.08) ng/ml vs (246.43±39.32)ng/ml,t =5.98,P ＜0.01],and HOMA-IR(4.38 ±2.06 vs 2.12 ± 0.50,t =4.81,P ＜ 0.01 ) of patients with MS were significantly increased compared to the control.Serum concentration of leptin[(26.38±10.85)ng/ml vs (19.63 ±6.27)ng/ml,t =2.22,P ＜0.05],IL-18[(309.40 ±49.77)pg/ml vs (291.80 ±39.21)pg/ml,t =2.33,P ＜0.05],CRP[ (2.73 ±0.72)ng/ml vs (2.28 ±0.38)ng/ml,t =3.41,P ＜0.01 ],sICAM-1 [ (333.85 ±55.97) ng/ml vs (306.24 ±50.55) ng/ml,t =3.16,P ＜0.01],and HOMA-IR(4.53 ±2.39 vs 2.89 ±0.69,t =2.87,P ＜0.01 ) were significantly decreased after training for 12 weeks.ConclusionsAerobic exercise is one of the effective treatments of patients with MS.Its underlying mechanism may be associated with reduction of serum inflammatory adipokine concentration,and improvement of vascular endothelial function and insulin resistance.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of rosmarinic acid and total polysaccharide in Hysso-pus. offcinalis. METHODS:HPLC was conducted to determine the content of rosmarinic acid in H. offcinalis. The column was Shim-pack VP-ODS with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% formic(17:83,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 330 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. UV-visible spectrophotometry was conducted to determine the content of total polysaccharide,detection wavelength was 620 nm. RESULTS:The linear range was 10.86-54.30 μg/ml (r=0.999 8)for rosmarinic acid and 1.996-15.97 μg/ml for total polysaccharide(r=0.999 6);RSDs of precision,stability and re-producibility tests were lower than 1.0% and 2.0%,respectively;recoveries were 98.20%-101.79%(RSD=1.68%,n=6) and 96.62%-101.68%(RSD=1.88%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and reproducible,and can be used for the con-tents determination of rosmarinic acid and total polysaccharide in H. offcinalis.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Hanshi Tougu Tablets(Radix Aconiti Praeparata,Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Praeparata,Ramulus Cinnamomi,Rhizoma Atractylodis, Semen Sinapis,Radix Aucklandiae,Radix Glycyrrhizae). METHODS: Rhizoma Atractylodis,Semen Sinapis,Radix Glycyrrhizae in Hanshi Tougu Tablet were identified by TLC.The content of cinnamaldehyde and costunolide in Hanshi Tougu Tablets were determinded by HPLC. RESULTS: Rhizoma Atractylodis,Semen Sinapis,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Praeparata could be identified by TLC.Cinnamaldehyde showed a good linear relationship at the range of 2.104 ?g?mL~(-1)-52.60 ?g?mL~(-1),r=0.999 8(n=5), and the recovery was(99.62%,) RSD was(0.88%).Costunolide also showed a good linear relationship at a range of(0.036) mg?mL~(-1)-0.54 mg?mL~(-1),r=(0.999 9)(n=5),and the recovery was 96.10%,RSD was 0.15%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate and with strong specificity and can be used for the quality control of Hanshi Tougu Tablets.

The ultrastructural localization of peptide substances——VP,SP,ENK,SRIFand distribution of peptidergic nerves in rat neurohypophysis were studied by elect-ron microscopy.The results showed that VP,SP,ENK and SRIF immunoreactiveproducts located in large granular vesicles(110-150 nm in diameter),at the surfaceof microvesicles and outer membrane of mitochondria.The VP-,SP-,ENK- andSRIF-containing nerve fibers distributed at periphery of capillaries and vicinity ofpituicytes.VP- and ENK- positive nerve terminals formed axo-axonic synapses withnegative terminals.Axo-axonic synapses also existed between two SRIF-positive ter-minals.In addition,ENK- and SP-positive terminals formed synaptoid structureswith pituicytes.The authors have discovered the VP-positive pituicytes for the firsttime.The scientific significances of present paper are as follows:(1)Several kinds ofpeptide such as VP,SP,ENK and SRIF have been identified in neurohypophysis atultrastructural level;(2)The discovery of VP-positive pituicytes and their peptide-rgic innervation imply that these structures probably participate in the regulation ofneurohormone releasing;(3)New morphological bases have been provided for theregulation of neurohormone releasing.

6-OHDA was injected into the third cerebroventricle of rats.24 hours later,thanimals were sacrificed and the degeneration of catecholaminergic (CA) nerve term-inals were studied by electron microscopic cytochemical method.The results showedthat there were a number of degenerated nerve terminals in the arcuate nucleus.Thecharacteristics of these terminals were as follows:enhanced axoplasmic electron opa-sity,destroyed mitochondria and synaptic vesicles and the formation of dense bodies.The multilocular forms were commonly encountered.Most of degenerated terminalswere surrouded by processes of glial cells.The degnerated perikarya of the neuronsin arcuate nucleus with decreased RER,destroyed mitochondria and dense bodieswere also observed.Based on the characteristics of degenerated features the authorsbelieved that these damaged terminals should mainly belong to DA fibers.Theymight regulate or control the function of the arcuate nucleus by means of differentkinds of synaptic mechanisms.The source of DA nerve fibers may originate from A_(12)A_(14) or A_(15) cell groups of the hypothalamus.

At present,domestic and foreign have not yet formed a unified understanding of telemedicine.The distribution of medical resources in our country is not balanced,the grassroots or remote areas are lack of medical resources,especially high quality human resources,thus our country has the inner demand of developing on telemedicine.Due to the lagging of legislation and policy,telemedicine puts forward many legal and ethical challenges on the practicing qualification of physicians,the practicing registration of physicians,the protection of the rights of patients' informed consent and privacy,and so on.We should carefully distinguish the behavior of health counseling or diagnoses & treatment in telemedicine,in order to clarify the legal relationships among of the invitational medical institution,invitee medical institution,and patient,it will be the basis of bearing of legal liability.

Objective To study the effect of inflammatory markers on the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers in granulosa cells of patients without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Fifty patients without PCOS treated with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were selected in this study. The granulosa cells were extracted and cultured in vitro. Cells were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The 5 nmol/L interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αwere given to treatment group, and same amount of inflammatory diluted solution was added to control group. The levels of ROS and copy numbers of mtDNA were compared between two groups. Results The ROS levels and mtDNA copy number of granulosa cells were significantly higher in IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-αtreatment groups than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Inflammatory markers of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-αincrease the level of ROS and damage mtDNA in granulosa cells.

Unrelated living organ cross -transplantation has rich connotation and complex constructs .Revie-wing on the legislative attitudes of countries and regions around the world , there are three types including absolute prohibition , strict limit and explicit permission .From the perspectives of law , ethics and practice in our country , unrelated living organ cross-transplantation has had a legitimate basis .In the future, our country should recognize unrelated living organ cross -transplantation by legislation .In addition, it should strictly limit its applicable condi-tions and procedures , further to improve the distribution and sharing system of organ transplantation and explore the establishment of appropriate compensation systems for organ donors .

Subjects’ informed consent are needed in biomedical research, which has been confirmed by the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Basic Medical and Health Care, and Law on Doctors of the People’s Republic of China. Due to the professionalism and complexity of the law, researchers often have deficiencies in the use of legal terms, the fulfillment of disclosure obligations and the protection of subjects’ rights and interests when writing informed consent forms. When the ethics committee conducts ethical review on the informed consent form of the subjects, there are some problems such as lack of objective ability or insufficient subjective attention to the above shortcomings of the researchers. By combing the legal points, this paper summarized the correction scheme to provide reference for ethical review.