Objective To analyze the epidemiological status and risk factors of urinary calculus in residents of zhuo-zhou city. Methods A total of 19 446 residents in zhuozhou city were surveyed with a stratified random sampling method. The questionnaire included body mass index (BMI), daily water consumption, sweets, meals taste, cooking oil, high-protein diet and family history. A 1∶1 ratio was used to select the matched normal control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare BMI, diet habits, family history of renal stones and other risk factors of urinary calculus between two groups. Results There were 1 752 (9.8%) patients were confirmed as urinary calculus in 17 854 follow-up members, in which there were 1 125 male and 627 female. A total of 843 patients were at 0-40 years of age (48.04%). The incidence of urinary calculus was mainly in the second and third quarter of the year, and mainly was ureteral stones. There were significant differ-ences in BMI, daily water consumption, sweets, meals taste, cooking oil, high-protein diet and family history between two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the protective factors included more daily water consumption, lower level of BMI and eating vegetable oil. And the risk factors of urinary calculus were salty taste, sweet taste, high protein diet and fami-ly history of urinary calculus. Conclusion Prevention measures of urinary calculus included controlling body mass, drink-ing more water, and controlling high-protein, high-sugar, high-salt food intake.