Objective To study the effects of Apelin on glucose toxicity and islet cells PDX-1 protein expression.Methods The islet β cell line NIT-1 cells were incubated in the medium containing different glucose concentrations(normal glucose concentration group 5.6 mmol/L,high glucose concentration group 16.7 mmol/L,extremely high glucose concentration group 33.3 mmol/L) and +/-Apelin-36 respectively for 3 d.Then the basic insulin secretion amount of islet cells and their secretion amount after glucose stimulation were detected.The intracellular insulin content and the PDX-1 protein and mRNA expression were detected.Results Compared with the normal glucose group,the basic insulin secretion,secretion after stimulation and intracellular insulin in the high glucose group and extremely high glucose group were significantly decreased and PDX-1 protein expression was declined(P＜ 0.05);compared with non-adding Apelin group,the basic insulin secretion,secretion after stimulation and intracellular insulin in the adding Apelin high glucose group and extremely high glucose group were significantly decreased and PDX-1 protein expression was decreased(P＜0.05);the insulin level in islet cells of 6 groups was positively correlated with PDX-1 protein expression and had no correlation with PDX-1 mRNA expression.Conclusion Apelin may participate in the glucose toxic effect by decreasing PDX-1 protein expression,causes the decrease of insulin secretion,thus plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.

Objective To study the prevalence and related risk factors of type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease(CHD) and cerebral infarction after long-term treatment.Methods Two hundred and eighty-five patients with type 2 diabetes who had a hospitalization interval for four to twelve years between the first and second hospital stays were included in group A.Among them,85 patients (about 4 to 7 years) with a hospitalization interval about 5 years (4 to 7 years) between the first and second hospital stays(group B).100 patients with a hospitalization interval about 10 years (8 to 12 years) between the first and second hospital stays(group C).Blood pressure,blood glucose,HbA1c,blood lipids,myocardial enzymology,electrocardiogram,coronary angiography,cranial CT or MRI were tecorded.The prevalence of CHD and cerebral infarction were compare,regression analysis was conducted between coronary heart disease,cerebral infarction and the risk factors.Results DBP,FBG,PBG2h,TC,LDL-C of the second hospitalization were significantly lower than those of the first hospitalization.The morbidity of CHD and cerebral infarction increased along with the extension of the course.The morbidity of cerebral infarction in CHD patients were significantly higher than those in non-CHD patients with the interval about 10 years.Logistic regression analysis proved that age was risk factor and HDL-C was protective factor of CHD,SBP,FBG were risk factors of cerebral infarction.Conclusion The morbidity of CHD and cerebral infarction increased along with the extension of the course and there were significantly relationship between CHD and cerebral infarction in T2DM patients after about 10 years treatment.