?AIM:To investigate and analyze diabetic retinopathy ( DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes in local community and risk factors of type 2 diabetic retinopathy, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of diabetic.?METHODS:Randomly 268 cases with type 2 diabetes from community health management files from January to March 2015 were selected. Fundus photography was read through the remote reading system, demographic data and laboratory indexes of DR were analyzed.?RESULTS:In the 268 cases with type 2 diabetes, 85 cases were diagnosed as DR ( 31. 7%); there were statistical difference on gender, duration, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, urine creatinine between patients with DR and without ( P<0. 05 ). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed, duration, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were independent risk factors of DR(P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION:Long duration, high blood pressure, high blood glucose are main risk factors of DR, we should strengthen the monitoring of blood pressure, blood glucose and prevent the happening of the DR.

To investigate the collective influence of sarcopenia on the extended prognosis of hospitalized elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).

Patients with T2DM aged 65 years and older, who were admitted to the Geriatrics Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2017 and January 2021, were consecutively enrolled in the study. The presence of sarcopenia was evaluated based on the diagnostic criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS) in 2014. Additionally, assessments were made on the patients' comorbidities, functional status, nutritional status, and geriatric syndromes. Follow-up was conducted through outpatient visits and telephone calls to monitor outcomes such as severe disability, rehospitalization, and all-cause mortality. Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of concurrent sarcopenia on the long-term prognosis of hospitalized elderly individuals with T2DM.

A total of 244 elderly inpatients with T2DM who met specific criteria were included in the study, comprising 110 males(45.1%) and 134 females(54.9%), with ages ranging from 65 to 93 years and a median age of 74 years. Sarcopenia was observed in 25.4%(62/244) of patients. Over a follow-up period of three to seven years(median 5.6 years), elderly T2DM patients with sarcopenia exhibited significantly higher rates of severe disability, rehospitalization, and all-cause death compared to those without sarcopenia(all P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis, adjusting for gender, age, and comorbidities, revealed that sarcopenia was a significant predictor of severe disability(HR=4.693, 95% CI: 1.253-17.579, P=0.022), rehospitalization(HR=1.755, 95% CI: 1.053-2.926, P=0.031), and all-cause death(HR=2.255, 95% CI: 1.078-4.713, P=0.031). Additionally, the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index emerged as an independent risk factor for all-cause death(HR=1.237, 95% CI: 1.046-1.464, P=0.013).

The prevalence of sarcopenia is notably high among hospitalized elderly patients with T2DM, greatly affecting their long-term prognosis. It is imperative for clinicians to prioritize screening and implement interventions for sarcopenia in elderly T2DM patients to improve their quality of life and overall prognosis.

The discovery of drug targets plays a crucial role in drug research. Accurate information of small molecule drug-protein interaction can be provided by label-free target discovery technology without any structural modification at the small molecule. So, the label-free drug target discovery technology had become the powerful tool to discover the targets of drugs. Due to the “multi-component and multi-target” characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the research on its targets and mechanism had been restricted. Based on potential of the label-free target discovery technology in the research of TCMs, this paper summarized the label-free target discovery technology and its application in TCMs research. It will provide a reference for the discovery of targets of TCMs and a new view for promoting the modernization of TCMs.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the technique and the clinical effect of folding roof and rotary pushing in treatment of children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back".

METHODSFrom January 2012 to February 2014,38 children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back" were treated by using the technique of folding roof and rotary pushing to reset and splint fixation including 23 males and 15 females with an average age of 9.5 years old ranging from 6 to 14 years old. Injury time was from 45 min to 3 days (averaged 1.3 days). All cases was unilateral closed fracture without symptoms of nerve injury occurred. The wrist joint anteroposterior and lateral radiographs showed double fracture of radius and ulna, and the broken end of radius was typical "back to back" displacement. The quality of reduction was assessed according to Dienst recommendation on the combination of Aro measurement, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated using standard of Anderson function.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 3 to 13 months with an average of 6 months. There were no iatrogenic nerve injury. Thirty cases were treated successfully for the first time, 8 cases were again reset successfully; 28 cases were anatomical reduction, 7 cases were near anatomic reduction, 3 cases were functional reduction. At the second day 7 cases with hand and finger swelling appeared in multiple reset patients. Quality results of reduction were excellent in 33 cases, good in 5 cases. According to the standard of Anderson function evaluation, 35 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good. All fractures were healed with of deformity of wrist.

CONCLUSIONUsing the technique of folding roof and rotary pushing in treatment of children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back" is very successful, the patient's limb function recovered well, the whole operation process is simple.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Male ; Radius Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Ulna Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery

Maize is one of the most important food crops. Rice black-streaked dwarf virus is a maize rough dwarf disease pathogen. The occurrence and transmission of maize rough dwarf disease brings great damage to maize production. The technology of using artificial miRNA to build antiviral plant has been proven effective in a variety of plants. However, such trials in maize have not been reported. We designed primers based on the sequence of maize zea-miR159a precursor and sequence of function protein genes and silencing RBSDV coding genes in RBSDV genome. We constructed amiRNA (artificial miRNA) gene for silencing RBSDV coding gene and gene silencing suppressor. We constructed pCAMBIA3301-121-amiRNA plant expression vector for transforming maize inbred lines Z31 by using agrobacterium mediated method. After molecular analysis of transgenic maize, homozygous lines with high miRNA expression were selected by molecular detection for a subsequent natural infection experiment. We studied the severity of maize rough dwarf disease according to a grading standard (grade 0 to 4). The experiment results showed that the disease resistance of transgenic homozygous maize with the anti-rough dwarf virus amiRNA vector was better than that of wild type. Among the transgenic maize, S6-miR159 transgenic maize had high disease resistance. It is feasible to create new maize variety by the use of artificial miRNA.
Disease Resistance ; genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Vectors ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Plant Diseases ; genetics ; virology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Reoviridae ; pathogenicity ; Zea mays ; genetics

Objective Base on the neighborhood activation model(NAM), to develop the Mandarin monosyllable lexical neighborhood test(M-LNT-monosyllable), which is expected to be useful for evaluating speech perception performance in children with hearing loss. Methods Test items were based on the lexical characteristics of word frequency and neighborhood density which addressed in the neighborhood activation model (NAM). M-LNT -monosyllable consisted of two parts: Lexically "easy" words with high word frequency, which were low phonemically similar to the target word and lexically "hard" words with low word frequency, which were high phonemically similar to the target word. 34 children of 3～5 year old with normal hearing were choosed as subjects to verify easy word and hard word lists. Results 1 979 words for children contained 487 easy words and 419 hard words. Three easy word lists and three hard word lists were developed to estimate the performance of word recognition among normal- hearing children. There were no differences among scores of three easy words lists(P＞0.05), and no difference among scores of three hard words lists(P＞0.05). But there were significant differences between scores of easy and hard words lists(P＜0.01). Conclusion The development of the lexicon was affected by the lexical characteristics. Normal-hearing children with some lexical techniques were affected by the lexical characteristics when they recognized the spoken words, but children with less lexical technique didn't show the same result because the recognition was processed on the phonetic level.

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) expression as well as fibrosis staging in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pericarcinomatous tissues.

METHODSThe patterns of HBsAg and HCV in 100 cases of HCC and their surrounding liver tissues were studied on paraffin-embeded sections with immunohistochemistry technique, and liver tissues were also staged.

RESULTSHBV, HCV virus infection were positively correlated with the fibrotic staging (r(s) = 0.32, P = 0.001). HBsAg and HCV were detected both in HCC and pericarcinomatous tissues. The positive rate of HBsAg in Pericarcinomatous Tissues (79%) was higher than that of in HCC tissues (23%). HCV expressions in HCC (15%) and pericarcinomatous tissues (23%) showed no significant differences.

CONCLUSIONThe fibrotic degree in the tissues of liver cancer with previous virus infection was obviously higher than that without virus infection. Viral infection seemed to be one of the reasons causing liver cancer while perennial virusemia would aggravate pathological changes of the liver tissue.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; virology ; Hepacivirus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; Hepatitis C Antigens ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; virology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVESTo study the antibacterial effect of Niaoluqing Oral Liquid (NOL) on clinical drug-resistant strains and 14 serotype strains Ureaplasma Urealyticum (UU).

METHODSSixty-three clinical strains of UU were detected to determine their serology and antibiotic susceptibilities by the metabolic inhibition test (MIT). Mininum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to evaluate the sensitivity of NOL to different serotypes of UU. The sensitivity of NOL, erythromycin and tetracycline to 63 clinical strains of UU was also studied.

RESULTSIn 63 clinical strains of UU, the range of MIC to NOL was from 0.48 mg/ml to 15.63 mg/ml, MIC50 < or = 1.95 mg/ml, MIC90 < or = 3.91 mg/ml. Among them, 31 strains were resistant to tetracycline and 31 were resistant to erythromycin. No obvious correlation between the sensitivity of NOL to UU clinical strains and that of erythromycin and tetracycline to UU clinical strains (P > 0.05). Clinical strains of UU in this experiment contains all of its serotypes, also having a higher sensitivity to NOL (MIC < or = 3.91 mg/ml) except serology 1, 2, 3 and 11 (MIC > or = 7.81 mg/ml).

CONCLUSIONSNOL exerts a strong in vitro antibacterial effect on erythromycin-resistant and tetracycline-resistant clinical strains of UU. All kinds of serotype strains had a higher sensitivity to NOL, too. Chinese medicinal herbs are of momentous significance in the treatment of UU infection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; drug effects ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo assess the curative effects of different drugs on liver cell damage of rats induced by acute nickel carbonyl poisoning.

METHODSIn present study 220 SD rats were divided into control group (10 rats), carbonyl nickel group (10 rats), 20 mg/kg methylprednisolone group (40 rats), 100 mg/kg DDC group (40 rats), 10 µmol/kg sodium selenite group (40 rats), 0.25 ml shenfuhuiyangtang group (40 rats) and 20 mg/kg methylprednisolone with 100 mg/kg DDC group (40 rats). All rats except for control group inhaled passively 250 mg/m(3) carbonyl nickel for 30 minutes. At 4h and 30h after exposure, the drugs were given intraperitoneally to the rats. On the 3rd and 7th days after exposure, the liver samples were taken from 10 rats each group. The DNA damage of liver cells was detected using comet assay, the ultrastructure changes in liver cells were examined under an electronmicroscope.

RESULTSCompared to carbonyl nickel group, the tail lengths of liver cells in 5 groups administrated at 4 h or 30 h and tested on the 3rd or 7th day after exposure decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the tail lengths of liver cells in sodium selenite and shenfuhuiyangtang groups administrated at 4h after exposure or sodium selenite, shenfuhuiyangtang and methylprednisolone with DDC groups administrated at 30h after exposure increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), when tested on the 3rd day after exposure. Except from methylprednisolone sub-group administrated at 4h and tested on the 7th day after exposure, the tail lengths of liver cells in other groups administrated at 4 h or 30 h and tested on the 7th day after exposure increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared to carbonyl nickel group, the Olive moment of liver cells in 5 groups administrated at 4 h or 30 h tested on the 3rd or 7th day after exposure decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared to the control group, the Olive moment of liver cells in following groups (selenite and shenfuhuiyangtang groups administrated at 4 h or 30 h and tested on the 3rd or 7th day after exposure, DDC group administrated at 4 h or 30 h and tested on the 7th day after exposure, DDC group administrated at 30h and tested on the 3rd day after exposure, and methylprednisolone with DDC group administrated at 30 h and tested on the 7th day after exposure) increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). As compared with carbonyl nickel group, the ultrastructure observation indicated that the nucleus and other organelles of liver cells in methylprednisolone, DDC and methylprednisolone with DDC groups administrated at 4h and tested on the 3rd day were access to normal levels.

CONCLUSIONThe results of present study showed that methylprednisolone, DDC and methylprednisolone with DDC could improve obviously the repair of rat liver cell damage induced by acute carbonyl nickel poisoning, and the curative effects of early treatment were better than those of later treatment.

Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; pathology ; DNA Damage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hepatocytes ; pathology ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Organometallic Compounds ; poisoning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Selenite ; therapeutic use ; Zalcitabine ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of surgery in the treatment of giant mass lung cancer and to analyze prognostic factors affecting surgical result.

METHODSFrom August 1992 to August 2005, the clinical data of 137 patients with giant mass lung cancer ( > or =8 cm in diameter) were retrospectively reviewed. 122 cases had radical resection with 63 lobectomies, 48 pneumonectomy and 11 other resection modes, the remaining 15 patients underwent palliative resection. The prognostic factors including sex, tumor size, p-TNM stage, T stage, N stage, histological types and operation extent were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and logrank was used for comparing survival difference. Univariate and multivariate prognostic factors for survival were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model.

RESULTSThe overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate was 76.0%, 49.2% and 40.1%, respectively. Sex (P = 0.001), p-TNM stage (P = 0.001), N stage (P = 0.042), surgical approach (P = 0.026) and T stage (P = 0.006) were found to be prognostic factors in Cox univariate analysis. p-TNM stage (P = 0.001) were identified as an independent prognostic factor in Cox multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONp-TNM stage is the crucial prognostic factor in surgical treatment for giant mass lung cancer. Strict selection of candidate for resection and complete resection may be helpful in improving survival in patient with giant mass lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden