Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Zhenzhu Mingmu eye drops according to the requirements de-scribed in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Methods:Totally 7 batches of Zhenzhu Mingmu eye drops from 7 enterprises were evaluated. All the samples were tested according to the requirements described in Chinese pharmacopoeia, and the testing points of 6h and 24h were added. Results:As for bacteria, the reduction value of staphylococcus aureus in 7 days treated with Zhenzhu Mingmu eye drops from enterprise e was 0. 61g, and that in 14 days was 1. 01g. That in 7 days treated with the eye drops from the other enter-prises was all above 1. 01g, that in 14 days was above 3. 01g, and that in 14-28 days kept stable. As for fungi, the number was stable from the beginning with the treatment of the eye drops from the seven enterprises. Conclusion:Although the type and content of bacte-riostatic agent in domastic Zhenzhu Mingmu eye drops are the same, there is difference in the antimicrobial effectiveness of the product from different enterprise. The eye drops from one enterprise can't meet the requirements for type I product described in Chinese pharma-copoeia,and the others meet the requirements.

Objective To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus X (HBX) gene on cell morphology and transdifferentiation of human proximal tubular epithelial cells.Methods The eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1-myc-HBX containing HBX gene was transiently transfected into HK-2 cells by lipofectamine mediation.The expression of HBX was confirmed by Q-PCR and Western blotting.Untransfected HK-2 cells and those transfected with empty vector were used as control.The morphology of HK-2 cells was observed by microscopy,the expressions of differentiation marker proteins α-SMA and E-cadherin were detected by Western blotting and Q-PCR,and the contents of IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatant were detected by ELISA assay.Results HBX was successfully expressed in HK-2 cells after transfection.After transfection of HBX gene,the shape of HK-2 cells became irregular,HK-2 cells significantly expressed E-cadherin and α-SMA,and had high levels of IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant (P＜0.01).Conclusion Overexpression of HBX gene in renal tubular epithelial cells may damage cell morphology and promote the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation,which may be related to the inflammatory microenvironment.

Objective To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus X (HBX) gene on apoptosis and immune molecules of human proximal renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2).Methods The eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1-myc-HBX containing HBX gene was transiently transfected into HK-2 cells by lipofectamine mediation.Untransfected HK-2 cells and those transfected with empty vector were used as controls.The TLR4 expression was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The apoptosis of cells and expression of MHC-Ⅱ and CD40 were detected by flow cytometry,and the contents of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the supernatant were detected by EIISA.Results Compared with control groups,the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in the HBX transfection group (P ＜ 0.05),and the expressions of TLR4,MHC-Ⅱ and CD40 were also significantly increased in the HBX transfection group (all P＜0.05).IFN-γ level in the supernatant of HBX transfection group was higher (P ＜ 0.05),but IL-4 level was lower as compared to control groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Over-expression of HBX gene may induce apoptosis of HK-2 cells and upregulate the expression of immune molecules of renal tubular epithelial cells leading to injury of cells and dysfunction of immunomicroenviroment.

Objective To explore the role of ureteroacopy for acute upper urinary tract obstructive anuria.Methods Clinical data of 37 cases with acute upper urinary tract obstructive anuria were analyzed.Results Among 37 cases,34 cases were successfully performed ureteroseopy or ureteroseopic lithotripsy with double-J sent incubation (successful rate was 91.9%).Renal function were recovery in 32 cases.4 Cases returned to 180μmol/L,1 case need hemodialysis periodically.Conclusion Ureteroscopy could rapidly remove the obstruction and protect renal function in management of acute upper urinary tract obstruction anuria,which was contributed to the diagnosis.It was safe,effective and the preferred method.

Streptomyces sp.X-435 isolated from a soil sample collected in the suburbs of Beijing was proved to be a produce Virginiamycin.To improve the productivity of the Virginiamycin of Streptomyces sp.X-435,the spores of strain X-435 were treated with UV.The three types of colony,strawhat,wrinkled,blad,were isolated on Gaose's medium plates after mutation.Among them,the colonies of strawhat type exhibited positive mutation and were picked up as objects of screening.After five generation of mutation,the mutant F5-25-u-28 was selected which potency of Virginiamycin was about 20times higher than that of the beginning strain by flask fermentation and was also genetic stable.

The development of acupuncture in Australia has been booming.Under this circumstance,a series of acupuncture standards,codes and guidelines were established by different associations of TCM in Australia.Moreover,Australia has set the front pace in the field of acupuncture standards among the countries outside China.This paper is to introduce the acupuncture standards of Australia in three aspects respectively:national standards,industry standards and regional standards and to generalize the content of the main standards as well as analyze the current condition of Australian acupuncture standardization in order to generally give an all-around view of Australian acupuncture standards to the researchers in the field of international acupuncture standards.

The standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion in Canada is increasingly flouring nowadays:on one hand,acupuncture industry in legislated provinces is in the charge of direct administrative departments and associations of acu-moxi; on the other hand,according to the local situations,relevant regulations have been made,which are concentrated on two aspects-technical and administrative standards.Undoubtedly,Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturist (CARB),united by each provincial TCM/Acupuncture Administration,is the first step to issue federal standards and establish federal level management institution.However,now the releasing of a fundamental regulatory file is in need of active corporation and publicity from each province and association.Therefore,it shows that the body of standardization in Canada is still not relatively perfect.Through introducing and analyzing the relevant information,the author expects that the readers can know the current development of acupuncture and moxibustion standardization in Canada.

Objective To investigate disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and abnormity in parathyroid function and their related factors in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.Methods We collected serum Hb,SCr,BUN,calcium,phosphorus,iPTH,high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),albumin and calculated albumin-corrected Ca and Kt/V from 198 patients with MHD in Jing'an District Central Hospital,Shanghai from Jan.2009 to Dec.2010.The calcium and phosphorus metabolism and parathyroid function were evaluated according to the guidelines of bone metabolism and controlling of bone disease in Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative(KDOQI)recommended by National Kidney Foundation of the United States.198 patients were classified into the standard group(150-300 ng/L),lower than the standard group(＜150 ng/L)and higher than the standard group(＞ 300 ng/L)according to serum iPTH levels.Results In the 198 cases,110 cases were normal in serum Ac-Ca(55.6％); 118 cases were normal in serum phosphorus (59.6％); 143 cases were normal in Ca × P(72.3％); 39 cases were normal in iPTH(19.7％).All four items up to the standard were 28 cases(14.1％)among 198 cases.However,132(66.7％)patients showed lower than 150 ng/L in serum iPTH.The average serum iPTH gradually decreased with age.The senior patients demonstrated the highest average serum Hs-CRP,the lowest average serum phosphorus and the lowest albumin.There were no statistical significance in sex,hemodialysis duration,diabetes,blood pressure,Hb,Bun,SCr,Ac-Ca and Kt/V among three groups.Conclusion The disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and abnormity in parathyroid function is common in the MHD patients.We should pay attention to hypofunction of parathyroid gland in the patients with MHD,which may be related to aging,malnutrition and potential infection.These findings need further investigation.

Objective To study the short-term clinical efficacy and its possible mechanism of refractory hypertension(RH) treated by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Thirty-four MHD patients with RH treated with CVVH enrolled in the treatment group,all these patients were treatment of 2 -3 times,each time 8 - 10 hours. Thirty MHD patients with wellcontroled blood pressure were recruited as control. Changes of blood pressure, dry weight, plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), renin ( RA), angiotensin Ⅰ , Ⅱ ( AT Ⅰ , AT Ⅱ ), aldosterone ( Ald ) were observed before and after hemodialysis. Results In the treatment group,compared with pre-treatment, the blood pressure decreased significantly with an effective rate of 64.7% and efficient rate of 100. 0%. Before treatment, plasma RA was ([1.10 ±0.25] μg/(L · h)and [0:78 ±0.26] μg/(L · h),AT Ⅰ was [0.89 ±0.21] μg/L and [ 0. 52 ± 0. 14 ] μg/L, AT Ⅱ was [ 177.68 ± 89.46 ] ng/L and [ 89. 25 ± 12. 84 ] ng/L, Ald was [72. 06 ± 11.47 ]ng/L and [ 48.92 ± 8. 65 ] ng/L, PTH was [ 306. 81 ± 69. 37 ] ng/L and [ 248.76 ± 134. 62 ] ng/L in the treatment and control group respectively. All the measurements in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). In the treatment group, compared to pre-treatment, plasma RA significantly decreased ( [ 1.10 ± 0. 25 ]μg/ ( L · h) vs [ 0. 76 ± 0. 17 ] μg/( L · h ), as well as AT Ⅰ ( [ 0. 89 ±0.21]μg/L vs [0.50 ±0.12] μg/L),ATⅡ([177.68±89.46]ng/L vs [ 87.13±14.22] ng/L),Ald ([72.06±11.47]ng/Lvs [ 46. 01± 9. 86 ] ng/L ) and PTH ( [ 306. 81 ±69.37]ng/L vs [ 186.53 ±32.93 ] ng/L) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). However, there was no significant changes in the above mentioned measurements between before and after hemodialysis in the control group (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion CVVH may be an effective methods in the treatment of MHD patients with RH, and its antihypertensive mechanisms may be that CVVH can effectively remove the excess water in the body, and reduce plasma RA, AT Ⅰ , AT Ⅱ ,Ald and PTH levels.

To identify the active constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients in vivo from Yin Chen Hao decoction provides scientific evidence for probing its prevention and treatment mechanism on acute liver injury. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was applied for analysis of Yin Chen Hao decoction and the serum samples of mice with con-A induced acute liver injury after preventive oral administration for 14 days (the use of all laboratory animals in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Naval Medical University, 19YF1459400). A total of 90 chemical constituents were identified from Yin Chen Hao decoction, mainly were flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, quinones. 5 prototype compounds were identified in the serum, including chrysophanol, deoxyrhapontin-8-O-gallate, mussaenosidic acid, herniarin, emodin. The established UPLC-QTOF/MS method could efficiently and sensitively identify the constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients of Yin Chen Hao decoction, primarily clarify the material basis of its hepatoprotective effect, and provided a scientific basis for the quality marker selection and the pharmacodynamic material basis research on the decoction.