To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Qinghouyan lozenge in the treatment of acute pharyngitis due to Lung-heat and Yin-deficiency, and compare with Qinghouyan oral Liquid. Totally 144 subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (72 in the test group and 72 in the control group). The participants in the test group were given Qinghouyan lozenge for 5 days, and those in the control group were given Qinghouyan oral Liquid for 5 days. The effectiveness evaluation indexes were pharyngalgia/odynophagia disappearance rate, overall efficacy of TCM syndromes, TCM syndrome scores, and single syndrome and sign disappearance rate. During the test, the safety was evaluated by vital sign, lab examination indexes and adverse events. The results for the full analysis set showed that the couth disappearance rate, the incidence rate of TCM syndromes, and the throat/uvula congestion disappearance rate of the test group were higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), with significant differences in the changes in syndrome scores between the two groups (P < 0.05). Altogether 3 adverse events were observed in the test group while 6 adverse events in the control group, without significant differences in the adverse event rate between the two groups (P < 0.05), serious abnormal laboratory examinations and vital signs. In conclusion, Qinghouyan lozenge has better efficacy in treatment of acute pharyngitis due to Lung-heat and Yin-deficiency than Qinghouyan oral liquid, with good safety.
Acute Disease ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pharyngitis ; drug therapy

Ovarian endometrioma is a common form of endometriosis, which may cause infertility, dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Although surgery is the treatment of choice for endometriomas, recurrence poses a formidable frustration. This study investigated potential risk factors of endometriomas recurrence, aiming to better understand its pathogenesis. A total of 307 patients with endometriomas were followed up for an average of 28.6 months and the 1-, 2- and 3-year cumulative recurrence rate was 9.5%, 21.9%, and 29.2%, respectively. Twenty-one potential risk factors for endometriomas recurrence were evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards models. Total revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) score was significantly associated with higher recurrence (OR=1.858, 95% CI=1.122-3.075, P=0.016), as well as younger age at surgery (OR=0.953, 95% CI=0.915-0.992, P=0.020). Semiradical surgical treatment was defined as surgical removal of cyst plus hysterectomy with preservation of bilateral or unilateral ovary, and was a significant factor that was associated with lower recurrence than the conservative surgery (OR=0.318, 95% CI=0.107-0.951, P=0.040). Postoperative pregnancy was favorable factors for disease recurrence (OR=0.217, 95% CI=0.102-0.460, P=0.000). The results suggest that endometrioma recurrence is inversely associated with age at surgery and postoperative pregnancy, and may correlate with total rAFS score and conservative surgery method.

Objective:To investigate the association patterns of chronic disease-relevant risk factors for the adults in Haidian District.Methods:Data for chronic disease-relevant risk factors for 3 219 adults in Haidian District in 2014 were collected and analyzed.SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical description and logistic regression.SPSS Modeler 14.1 was used to explore the association among the chronic disease-relevant risk factors.Results:Among men,5 patterns of chronic disease-relevant risk factors were identified,which suggested that heavy drinking,inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables,and physical inactivity were associated with smoking while inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables and smoking were associated with physical inactivity.Among women,one pattern of chronic disease-relevant risk factor was identified,which suggested that inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables was associated with physical inactivity.Conclusion:Chronic disease-relevant risk factors are intercorrelated among the adults in Haidian District.Information on patterns of chronic disease-relevant risk factors could assist interventions targeting multiple behaviors simultaneously.

Objective To investigate the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its influence factors among people living with HIV /AIDS (PLWHA) ,and provide evidence for developing relevant interventions and treatment methods .Methods Anony-mously completed questionnaires ,including self-designed questionnaire and the post-traumatic checklist civilian version (PCL-C) , were received from PLWHA in Suizhou from December 2014 to March 2015 .Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis were used to examine factors associated with PTSD .Results Among 243 qualified PLWHA ,106 of them were positive with PTSD (43 .62% ) ,and the prevalence of PTSD among male and female were 37 .88% and 50 .45% ,respectively .Among the three characteristic symptoms ,repeated flashback was the highest (78 .60% ) ,then hyper-vigilance (64 .20% ) ,and the positive rate of avoidance/numbness was the lowest (57 .20% ) .Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female was more suscepti-ble to PTSD than male (OR = 1 .960 ,95% CI :1 .025 - 3 .747) ,discrimination or unfair treatment would increase the risk of PTSD (OR= 2 .967 ,95% CI :1 .498 - 5 .876) ,and the frequency of fear/tension was positive correlated with PTSD (occasionally OR =2 .074 ,95% CI :1 .008 - 4 .265 ;always OR = 6 .690 ,95% CI :2 .708 - 16 .531) .Conclusion PLWHA had a high level of PTSD ,and fe-male PLWHA and those who felt fear/tension or experienced discrimination/unfair treatment were more likely to suffer from PTSD .

Chinese traditional patent medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis(PBCRBS) originated from traditional Chinese medicine theory and had approved efficacy and safety standards. However, its compatibility regularity and anti-thrombotic mechanism is not clear. To analyze the compatibility regularity and anti-thrombotic mechanism of Chinese traditional patent medicine for PBCRBS, a statistical and bioinformatics analysis was carried out using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TICMISS, V2.0) and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). The compatibility regularity analysis shows that the most commonly used herb combinations are Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.) and Honghua (Carthamustinctorius L.). The anti-thrombotic mechanism analysis reveals that 25 ingredients have an effect on 29 thrombosis related molecules which 23 molecules are related to inflammation response. Furthermore, there are 5 inflammation molecules (NOS2, PTGS2, IL6, TNF, IL1β) served as major targets. At the same time, Danshen, Chuangxiong and Honghua mainly used as sovereign herb or minister herb in the application of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, Chinese traditional patent medicine for PBCRBS probably has an effect on anti-thrombotic activity through inhibiting the inflammatory response. In summary, the most commonly used herb combinations of Chinese traditional patent medicine for PBCRBS are Danshen, Chuanxiong and Honghua. Inhibiting inflammatory response, especially inflammation related molecules (NOS2, PTGS2, IL6, TNF and IL1β), is probably a new starting point to clarify the anti-thrombotic mechanism of Chinese patent medicine for PBCRBS.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Carthamus tinctorius ; Computational Biology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To investigate the location and the pathogens of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who died from infection.Methods Dead cases of hospitalized SLE patients in Peking Union Medical Hospital from January 1986 to May 2011were retrospectively analyzed.Results Severe infection was an important cause of mortality in patients with SLE.There were 252 dead cases of SLE in total from 1986 to 2011,in which 97 cases died from severe infection.The proportion of patients died from infection was gradually increased during the past 26 years,which was 25.7％,24.1％,31.6％,34.9％ and 60.3％ in 1986-1990,1991-1995,1996-2000,2001-2005 and 2006-2011respectively.Lung was the most common site of infec-t ion,accounting for 65％ of all dead cases.Among the 31cases with identified microorganism,14 patients had single microorganism infection and 17 patients had mixed infections.In the single microorganism infection patients,fungal infection contributed to the cause of death in 9 out of 14 (64％) patients,of which 4,2,1,1,and 1 cases were infected with Pneumocystis carinii, Aspergillus fumigates,Fusarium,Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus respectively.There were 3 cases of bacteria infection,including 2 cases with Methicillinresistant staphylococcus,aureus and 1case with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.Two patients died from pulmonary tuberculosis.In 17 patients with mixed infection cases, 14 deaths were caused by bacteria infection,including Acinetobacter baumannii, Eschefichia coli, Enterococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae.Eleven patients died from mixed fungus infection,including 6 cases of Aspergillus fumigates,3 cases of Candida tropicalis,3 cases of Pneumocystis carinii,2 cases of Aspergillus flavus,1 case of Soil Aspergillus,2 cases of Candida albicans,1 case of Candida glabrata and Candida Krusei.In addition to bacteria and fungi infection,cytomegalovirus infection occurred frequently in SLE death cases.Conclusions Severe infection has been the most frequent cause of death in SLE patients,in which lung infection is the leading cause.Pneumocystis carinii,Aspergillus fumigates,Acinetobacter baumannii and cytomegalovirus are the major pathogens that cause death in SLE patients.

Objective:To determine the immunological effects of a new type adjuvant CTA 1-DD/IgG.Methods:Intranasal im-munization of BALB/c mice with OVA in combination with adjuvant CTA 1-DD or CTA1-DD/IgG.Blood samples were subjected to OVA-specific IgG Abs detection and IgG subclass profiles assessment using ELISA.Splenic plasma cells secreting anti-OVA Abs were detected by ELISPOT.Results:CTA1-DD/IgG showed stronger activity in inducing OVA-specific IgG Abs and splenic Abs-secreting cells compared with CTA1-DD.The enhancement of IgG1,IgG2a and IgG2b Abs were observed,and the ratio IgG2a/IgG1 were >1 in both groups.Conclusion: CTA1-DD/IgG can exert enhanced adjuvant effects compared with CTA 1-DD.Mixed IgG subclasses are induced,indicating a more balanced Th1/Th2 response.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of empowerment between self-perceived burden and medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients, so as to provide reference for improving medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. From August to December 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 240 kidney transplant recipients who were followed up at the Kidney Transplantation Center of Shanghai General Hospital as the research subject. A survey was conducted on subjects using the General Information Questionnaire, Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), Client Empowerment Scale (CES), and Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale (BAASIS) to analyze the correlation between patient self-perceived burden, empowerment, and medication compliance, as well as the mediating effect of empowerment between the two.Results:A total of 240 questionnaires were distributed, and 226 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 94.2% (226/240). Among 226 kidney transplant recipients, the total scores of SPBS, CES, and BAASIS were (27.34±8.03), (159.86±13.45), and (5.05±1.75), respectively. The SPBS score of the recipient was negatively correlated with the CES score ( r=-0.366, P<0.05), and positively correlated with the BAASIS score ( r=0.448, P<0.05). The CES score was negatively correlated with the BAASIS score ( r=-0.456, P<0.05). The above differences were statistically significant. Empowerment partially mediated the association between self-perceived burden and medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients, with a mediating effect ratio of 38.7%. Conclusions:Renal transplant recipients have poor medication adherence, and empowerment is a mediating variable between self-perceived burden and medication adherence. Medical and nursing staff should attach importance to and enhance the empowerment of kidney transplant recipients, in order to alleviate the negative impact of self-perceived burden, increase medication compliance of recipients, and improve their health outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of low-level lead exposure on infant's neurobehavioral development and evaluate the effects of early intervention.

METHODSThe study population consisted of 276 infants whose blood lead, cadmium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and developmental status were assessed using the Gesell developmental Diagnosis scales (GDDS) at 6 months of age. All study subjects was divided into three groups: 58 infants in control group, 162 infants in low lead group and 56 infants in high lead group. On the basis infants of both the low and high lead groups were provided with interventional measures for 3 months, and tests for the blood lead, cadmium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, calcium and GDDS were repeated for all infants both 12 and 18 months of ages.

RESULTSInfant' s developmental outcome revealed the developmental quotient was the lowest in the high lead group (86.74 +/- 9. 35), the lesser low in the low lead group (91.52 +/- 10.12) and the highest in control group (100.71 +/- 6.92). Changes in developmental quotient were detected in both the low and high lead groups with statistical significance (P < 0.05) after intervention measures adopted. However, the changes of developmental quotient were more remarkable in the low lead group and after the 18th month there was no statistical significance than control group (t = 1.721, P > 0.05) while the significant difference was found in between the high lead group and the control group (t = 23.495, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLow-level lead exposure interfered infant's neurobehavioral development and early intervention might improve infant's developmental quotient.

Child Development ; drug effects ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Behavior ; drug effects ; Lead ; adverse effects ; blood ; Lead Poisoning ; complications ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible roles of adenosine and the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) in rats.

METHODSForty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A (ABP), B (ABP + theophylline intervention), C (sham) and D (blank control). ABP models were established by injecting Escherichia coli 0157 into the prostate, and those in group B were treated by intraperitoneal injection of theophylline immediately after modeling. At 4 and 14 days, the prostate tissues of the rats were collected for detection of the expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by immunohistochemistry and the concentration of adenosine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTSAt 4 and 14 days, the concentrations of adenosine were significantly higher in group A ([48.38 +/- 17.27] and [26.54 +/- 11.22] microg/g) than in C ([0.45 +/- 0.25] and [0.46 +/- 0.29] microg/g) and D ([0.41 +/- 0.23] and [0.43 +/- 0.27] microg/g) (P < 0.05), and so were the expressions of TNF-alpha in A (0.23 +/- 0.08 and 0.21 +/- 0.03) than in C (0.07 +/- 0.03 and 0.07 +/- 0.01) and D (0.07 +/- 0.06 and 0.07 +/- 0.06) (P < 0.05), and those of IL-10 in A (0.13 +/- 0.03 and 0.25 +/- 0.01) than in C (0.07 +/- 0.03 and 0.07 +/- 0.03) and D (0.07 +/- 0.01 and 0.07 +/- 0.02) (P < 0.05). Compared with group A, the rats in group B showed significant increases at 4 and 14 days in the severity of inflammation, concentration of adenosine ([86.64 +/- 32.87] and [51.17 +/- 22.96] microg/g, P < 0.05) and expression of TNF-alpha (0.37 +/- 0.08 and 0.32 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05), but exhibited no remarkable difference in the expression of IL-10 (0.12 +/- 0.06 and 0.15 +/- 0.06, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAdenosine may affect the progression of inflammation by regulating the expressions of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in ABP rats through the adenosine receptor signaling pathway.

Adenosine ; physiology ; Animals ; Escherichia coli O157 ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Male ; Prostate ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Prostatitis ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Theophylline ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism