OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between copper and organic components, total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA), total saponins of Astragalus (TSA) and total polysaccharide of Astragalus (TPA).

METHODTFA, TSA and TPA were extracted from Astragalus roots using different organic solvents, and determined by colorimetry. The concentration of copper in extracts was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).

RESULTCopper was found in TFA, TPA and TSA, and its concentration in TFA and TPA was higher; the content of copper was correlated significantly to that of TFA and TPA (r1(2) = 0.754 8, F1 = 57.202, P < 0.01 and r2(2) = 0.499, F2 = 21.906, P < 0.01), while not to that of TSA ( r3(2) = 0.0026, F3 = 0.041, P > 0.1).

CONCLUSIONCorrelation analysis could reveal the relationship of copper with organic components in Astragalus roots; contents and structure characteristics of organic components might be important factors influencing the distribution of copper in Astragalus roots.

Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Copper ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of remimazolam-propofol-sufentanil for anesthesia in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.Methods:Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠor Ⅱ patients, aged 20-59 yr, weighing 44-69 kg, scheduled for elective painless gastroscopy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=40 each) using a random number table method: remimazolam-propofol-sufentanil group (group RPS) and propofol-sufentanil group (group PS). The patients in group RPS received successive intravenous injection of sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg, remimazolam 0.15 mg/kg and propofol (at a rate of 4 mg/s). The patients in group PS received intravenous injection of sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg and propofol (at a rate of 4 mg/s). When Observer′ s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score was 0, gastroscopy was performed.The consumption of propofol, time of anesthesia, time for gastroscopy, emergence time and discharge time were recorded.The number of intraoperative assisted respiration cases, body movement and occurrence of adverse reactions at the time of discharge were observed. Results:Compared with group PS, the consumption of propofol was significantly decreased, and the time of anesthesia, emergence time and discharge time were shortened in group RPS ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the time for gastroscopy, the number of intraoperative assisted respiration cases, body movement and the occurrence of adverse reactions at discharge time between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Remimazolam-propofol-sufentanil produces better efficacy for anesthesia than propofol-sufentanil in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.

AIMTo observe expressions and changes of Tau protein, pSer202 and Tau protein's contents during the differentiation process of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neural cells, and discuss Tau's effects on it.

METHODSEGF and bFGF were combined for the induction of 4th, 8th, and 12th-MSCs into neural cells. Expressions of Tau protein and pSer202 were tested by immunocytochemistry. ELISA assay was applied for testing Tau protein's contents during differentiation process.

RESULTSPositive rates of Tau protein in uninduced MSCs of 4th, 8th, and 12th-MSCs were under < 6%; After 14-day induction, the cellular morphologic characteristics in different passages were very similar to neurons, positive rates of Tau protein had no significant differences between passages (P > 0.05), but had differences with their uninduced groups (P < 0.05). There hadn't had expression of pSer202 in uninduced and induced groups of passages. ELISA assay indicated that there was an upward tendency in Tau protein's contents during the 14-day induction process, those in the 14th day had no significant differences between passages too (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe increase in Tau protein's expressions and its non-phosphorylated state may make for MSCs differentiating into normal neural cells and formation of neuronal processes.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Guinea Pigs ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; tau Proteins ; metabolism

Plant can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal physiological activity. However, ROS can increase dramatically by environmental stress. The increase may break the ROS balance in the plant. To control ROS levels in plants, an antioxidant system is needed to protect the cell. This paper introduced the types and functions of antioxidant enzymes, and studied the effects of plant and environmental factors on the activities of antioxidant enzymes. At last, the paper discussed the research hot fields of the effect of environmental stress on antioxidant enzymes, and gave the research strategies to the problems which happened in the studies.
Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Oxidative Stress ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Plants ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator system for healthy literacy based on national survey data.

METHODA multi-stage stratified sampling method was carried out to select the sample population in six provinces of China, which were adults aged 18 - 69 years old. The national health literacy questionnaire was used to investigate the sample populations. The answers were scored according to the error answer of 0, uncertain answer of 1 and the correct answer of 2. The degrees of difficulty and difference were calculated and be used to screen the indicators from the questionnaire as to establishing the comprehensive evaluation indicator system of the health literacy. The Cronbach alpha coefficient, correlation analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis methods were used to assess the reliability and validity of the indicator system.

RESULTSThe samples were 11 759 people, the valid questionnaires were 11 693 and the effective recovery rate was 99.4%, the Myer' index of sample was 4.92. There were 40 indexes selected to establish the comprehensive evaluation indicator system of health literacy. The correlation coefficient between indicator system and the questionnaire scores was 0.948 (P < 0.01), there were the significant differences between groups of being clustered by Q cluster analysis method (P < 0.01). The VIF of these four dimensions was less than 5.

CONCLUSIONIn this study, the comprehensive evaluation indicator system had a good reliability and validity, and there existed no collinearity among four dimensions of indicator system, it should be the foundation for developing comprehensive evaluation index of health literacy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Status ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the detection of complex karyotypic abnormalities of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODSMultiplex FISH was used in combination with conventional cytogenetics (CC) and interphase FISH to study 14 cases of AML with complex karyotypic abnormalities.

RESULTSIn the 14 cases of AML studied, conventional cytogenetics detected 23 numerical and 56 structural chromosome abnormalities. Among them 4 gained whole chromosome and 4 lost whole chromosome which were confirmed by multiplex FISH. Twelve chromosome losses detected by CC were revised as derivative chromosomes resulted from various structural aberrations, and 26 derivative and 19 marker chromosomes were characterized precisely by multiplex FISH. Most of them were resulted from unbalanced translocations, including 2 complex 8; 21 translocations, which have not been reported previously: t (8; 21), der (8) t (8; 21) (8pter --> 8q22::21q22 --> 21qter), der (21) t (8; 21; 8) (8qter --> 8q22:: 21p13 --> 21q22::8q22 --> 8qter) and t (21; 8; 18; 1), der (8) t (8; 21) (8pter --> 8q22:: 21q22 --> 21qter), der (21) t (21; 8; 18; 1) (21p13 --> 21q22?::8q22 --> 8q24 ?:: 18??::1q??q??). The complex karyotypic abnormalities involved nearly all chromosomes, of which the chromosomes 17, 7 and 5 were more involved than the rest.

CONCLUSIONMultiplex FISH in combination with conventional cytogenetics may characterize the complex chromosomal abnormalities more precisely. Introduction of this technique to the study of AML with complex chromosomal abnormalities is warranted.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spectral Karyotyping ; methods ; Translocation, Genetic ; Young Adult

It is known that silibinin has antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, and which is widely used for liver damage caused by a variety of reasons. In recent years, it is found that silibinin has potential anti-allergic reactions. However, even larger doses of silibinin still show no significant side effects . The rare literature reports that silibinin can cause allergic reactions. The paper reports a middle-aged patient who orally took silibinin for the prevention of tuberculosis chemotherapy-induced liver damage, and he occurred symptoms of lip pain and anabrosis, foreign body sensation, and difficulty eating one day after treatment. The patient was misdiagnosed as"vesicular stomatitis"and was treated by anti-viral therapy. The patient was discharged from the hospital after treating allergic reactions. As a safe and effective drug for prevention of liver damages in clinic, silibinin should be alert to induce possible allergies when there are local skin manifestations such as lip pain and anabrosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of RhoA, RhoC and their effector ROCK-1 in four ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and their correlation with invasiveness.

METHODSExpression of RhoA, RhoC and ROCK-1 mRNA and protein in four ovarian cancer cell lines SW626, Skov-3, A2780 and Caov-3 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assay. Invasion assay was done in Boyden chamber.

RESULTSThe expression levels of RhoA, RhoC and ROCK-1 mRNA and protein varied in the four different cell lines examined. The expression level of RhoC, but not RhoA and ROCK-1, was significantly correlated with the invasive capability of these cells in vitro (r = 0.95, P < 0.01). Expression of RhoA at the level of transcription was not correlated with that at the translation level. The expression of RhoA and RhoC did not correlate with that of ROCK-1.

CONCLUSIONExpression level of RhoC may serve as an independent parameter in evaluating metastasis and become a new target in inhibiting ovarian cancer metastasis.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phenotype ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; rho-Associated Kinases ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; rhoC GTP-Binding Protein

Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the strategies on COVID-19 outbreak control in Shenzhen, and to clarify the feasibility of these strategies in metropolitans that have high population density and strong mobility.Methods:The epidemic feature of COVID-19 was described by different phases and was used to observe the effectiveness of intervention. Hierarchical spot map was drawn to clarify the distribution and transmission risk of infection sources at different time points. The Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered model was established to estimate case numbers without intervention and compare with the actual number of cases to determine the effect of intervention. The positive rate of the nucleic acid test was used to reflect the risk of human exposure. A survey on COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude and behaviors were used to estimate the abilities of personal protection and emergency response.Results:The epidemic of COVID-19 in Shenzhen experienced the rising, plateau and decline stage. The case number increased rapidly at the beginning, with short duration of peak period. Although the epidemic curve showed human-to-human transmission, the "trailing" was not obvious. From the spot map, during the intervention period, the source of infection was widely distributed. More cases and higher transmission risk were observed in areas with higher population density. After the effective intervention measures, both infection sources and the risk of transmission decreased. After compared with the estimated case numbers without intervention, actual number proved the COVID-19 control strategies were effective. The positive rate of nucleic acid test for high risk populations decreased and no new cases reported since February 16. Shenzhen citizens had high knowledge, attitude and behavior level, and high protection ability and emergency response.Conclusions:Although the response initiated by the health administration department played a key role at the early stage of the epidemic, it was not enough to contain the outbreak of COVID-19. The first-level emergency response initiated by provincial and municipal government was effective and ensured the start of work resumption after the Spring Festival. Metropolitans like Shenzhen can also achieve the goals of strategies and measures for containment and mitigation of COVID-19.

Humans ; Female ; Clinical Relevance ; Cytology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms