Objective To investigate the preliminary experience of mechanical thrombectomy with a tri-axial system of the Solitaire AB stent through a Neuro delivery catheter to treat intracranial large artery occlusion. Methods A tri-axial system was used to deliver the Solitaire AB stent through a Neuro delivery catheter to provide intracranial aspiration in close proximity to the stent. This technique was used in 1 case of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion and 1 case of acute basilar artery occlusion. Results Successful revascularization was achieved in these 2 cases. Thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI)score was 3. The clot length of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion was 3 cm and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)score of this case was 3 at 90 days follow-up. Another patient with acute bilateral vertebral occlusion was revealed successful recanalization by angiography. Conclusion The results suggest that this technique of a tri-axial system used of the Solitaire stent through a Neuro delivery catheter can effectively retrieve clots from the occlusive artery and minimize the chance of antegrade blood flow dislodging the thrombus.

To investigate the utility of optomap panoramic 200Tx in screening fundus disease among the patients after cataract surgery.
●METHODS: From November 18 th to December 31st , 2013 all 146 post- cataract surgery patients were recruited. All non - mydriatic fundus images were taken with the optomap panoramic 200Tx and were diagnosed by one masked retinal specialist. Non - mydriatic direct ophthalmoscope exam and mydriatic slit-lamp lens exam were also done by other two masked specialists. Comparisons of the three methods were made.
●RESULTS: Among 146 patients ( 161 eyes), 40 eyes (24. 8%) of retinal lesions was detected by non-mydriatic direct ophthalmoscope exam, 59 ( 36. 7%) by non -mydriatic optomap 200Tx exam, and 61 (37. 9%) by slit-lamp lens exam. Nine eyes ( 5. 6%) needed medical intervention immediately. Results of optomap 200Tx exams and slit - lamp lens exams were similar without statistically significant difference ( P > 0. 05), better than direct ophthalmoscope exam ( P < 0. 05) with statistically significant difference.
● CONCLUSlON: Opacification of the refractive medium makes thorough fundus examination impossible. So post-operative fundus examination is highly necessary and should be a routine. Optomap panoramic 200Tx, which shows no statistically difference from mydriatc slit- lamp lens exam, is a convenient and feasible method in discovering fundus pathological changes.

AIMThe liposome/water partition coefficients of salmeterol and budesonide between aqueous phase and liposomes were determined and the factors that influence their partition coefficients were studied, the mechanism of interaction between the two drugs and phospholipid bilayer was elucidated.

METHODSThe liposome/water partition coefficients of the two drugs were determined by equilibrium dialysis technique. The change of the partition coefficients of the two drugs along with liposome composition and medium was also studied.

RESULTSThe partition coefficients of the two drugs decreased with the increase of cholesterol content and saturation of phospholipid used. The liposome/water partition coefficient of salmeterol increased with the increase of liposome surface negative charge, medium pH and ionic strength, while the liposome surface charge, medium pH and ionic strength had no distinct effect on the liposome/water partition coefficient of budesonide.

CONCLUSIONThe liposome/water partition coefficient of drug was affected by the type, saturation of phospholipid used in liposome preparation, the cholesterol content and surface charge of liposome, as well as the pH and ionic strength of medium also have effect on the liposome/water partition coefficient of drug. Accordingly, in order to reflect the actual partition of drug in biological membrane, the determination condition including liposome composition and medium should be similar to the biological membrane.

Albuterol ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Budesonide ; chemistry ; Cholesterol ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ions ; Liposomes ; Membranes, Artificial ; Phospholipids ; classification ; Salmeterol Xinafoate ; Water ; analysis

In order to minimize the residual tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) level in cyclodextrin complex prepared by freeze drying TBA/water cosolvent system, the formulation and lyophilization procedure that may influence the residual TBA was studied. Residual TBA in freeze dried cyclodextrin complex was determined by gas chromatography. The significant formulation and processing factors that influence residual TBA were identified by adjusting the initial TBA concentration in cosolvent, selecting cyclodextrin type (beta-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin), changing sample volume in flasket, altering freezing mode (fast freezing or slow freezing) and modifying the duration of secondary drying. The results show that the amorphous cyclodextrin material (hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin), initial low TBA concentration in cosolvent and fast freezing would lead to high TBA residue in cyclodextrin complex, annealing was effective in reducing the residual TBA. The duration of secondary drying had no distinct effect on residual TBA. It is concluded that in order to reduce residual TBA in cyclodextrin complex prepared by lyophilization monophase solution, the initial TBA concentration in cosolvent should be higher than the crystal formation concentration, the appropriate cyclodextrin type and freeze drying processing should be choosen.
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; Budesonide ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Gas ; Drug Residues ; analysis ; chemistry ; Freeze Drying ; methods ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry ; tert-Butyl Alcohol ; analysis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents and volatile oil of Xiaochengqi decoction.

METHODThe constituents in decoction were separated by means of column chromatography and their structures were identified by spectral data and compared with literature data. As well as the volatile oil of Xiaochengqi Fang were analyzed and identified by GC-MS.

RESULTEleven compounds were isolated and identified as chrysophanol (1), physcion (2), magnolol (3), beta-sitosterol (4), sitosterol trans-cinnamic acid (5), emodin (6), aloe emodin (7), rhein (8), gallic acid (9), chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), aurantiamarin (11). The volatile oils extracted with steam distillation from Xiaochengqi were identified 67 components, and the main components are including.

CONCLUSIONAll of the eleven compounds were isolated from Xiaochengqi decoction for the first time and the study on their activities in Chinese prescription is being carried out. D-limonene (42.61%), p-cymene (16.43%), and 8-terpinene (14.46%).

Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; Biphenyl Compounds ; chemistry ; Cinnamates ; chemistry ; Cyclohexenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emodin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Monoterpenes ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of telaprevir combined with peginterferon alfa (Peg-IFNa) plus ribavirin (RBV) (collectively, TPR therapy) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) using a meta-analysis approach.

METHODSThe Pubmed literature database was searched for randomized controlled trials of TRP therapy in CHC patients published between 2009 and 2011. The following outcome data was extracted for meta-analysis of efficacy: sustained virological response (SVR), defined as serum HCV RNA of less than 1000 copies/ml at end-of-treatment (week 24); rapid virological response (RVR), defined as serum HCV RNA of less than 1000 copies/ml at treatment week 4; recurrence, defined as serum HCV RNA of less than 1000 copies/mL at end-of-treatment and more than 1000 copies/ml at follow-up (week 24 after treatment completion). The pooled odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) were calculated, with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by the Chi-squared test based on the Q statistic.

RESULTSSix studies of TPR triple therapy, representing a total of 2677 CHC patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Among the 1850 patients who received TPR, 56.3% (n = 1041) achieved RVR, 66.8% (n = 1235) achieved SVR, and 12.1% (n = 176/1460) experienced recurrence. Among the 827 patients who received PR double-therapy, 7.0% (n = 58) achieved RVR, 35.8% (n = 296) achieved SVR, and 32.3% (n = 145/449) experienced recurrence. The TRP group had significantly higher rates of RVR (OR = 29.83, 95% CI: 16.16 to 55.05) and SVR (OR = 3.97, 95% CI: 2.58 to 6.11) than the PR group (both P less than 0.01), and significantly lower rate of recurrence (RR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.56, P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of research group is better than that of control group, suggesting that ornithine aspartate combined with naloxone treatment in hepatic encephalopathy is worthy of promoting.

Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Oligopeptides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the differences in quality of life and psychosocial function between children with short stature and children with normal stature.

METHODSThe Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) was used to survey 53 children aged 5-18 years who were diagnosed with short stature between June 2011 and June 2012, and their parents or guardians. Seventy-nine healthy children aged 4-17 years were selected as the control group.

RESULTSFor PedsQL Child-Self Report, the children with short stature had a significantly higher total score than the control children (25.3±11.2 vs 21.1±10.3; P<0.05), and the former had significantly higher scores than the latter on the following items: It is hard for me to walk more than one block; It is hard for me to lift something heavy; I hurt or ache; I worry about what will happen to me; I cannot do things that other kids of my age can do; It is hard to keep up when I play with other kids; It is hard to pay attention in class; I forget things; I have trouble keeping up with my schoolwork (P<0.05). For PedsQL Parent-Proxy Report, the children with short stature had significantly higher scores than the control children on the following items: troubled sleeping; paying attention in class; keeping up with schoolwork; forgetting things (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in total score, however, between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSChildren with short stature have poorer development of psychosocial function than children with normal stature.

Adolescent ; Body Height ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Growth Disorders ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: Our research team has confirmed that compared to the adenoviral vector, transfection by lentiviral vector to rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is more effective that the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)/bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) can be persistent for a longer term. But further investigations are needed to explore whether BMSCs transfected with hBMP-2 through lentivirus combined with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) can promote bone defect repair. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of lentivirus-mediated hBMP-2/BMSCs/DBM (LV-hBMP-2/BMSCs/DBM) on the repair of large-segmental femoral defects and to explore the new treatments for large-segmental femoral defects. METHODS: Large-segmental bone defect models were made in the right femur of 48 New Zealand white rabbits by cutting the middle femoral bone and steel plate fixation. Then, animal models were randomly divided into four groups (n=12 per group) and implanted with nothing (control), DBM, hBMP-2/DBM, and LV-hBMP-2/BMSCs/DBM. Three rabbits from each group were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery to evaluate the repairing effect of femoral defects through hematoxylin-eosin staining, biomechanical analysis and radiological examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray results revealed that osteotylus formed in all the four groups to different extents, and Lane - Sandhu X-ray scores were ranked as follows: control group < DBM group < hBMP-2/DBM group < LV-hBMP-2/BMSCs/DBM group (P < 0.05). Findings from the three-point bending test showed that the maximum load of the LV-hBMP-2/BMSCs/DBM group was significantly higher than that of the hBMP-2/DBM group, but is still lower than that of the normal femur at 8 and 12 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining results revealed that a few trabecular bones arranged disorderedly and a large amount of fibrous tissues in the control group; the DBM scaffold was basically degraded in the DBM group presenting with partially disordered trabecular bones and a large amount of fibrous tissues; the trabecular bones in the bone defect area were basically connected into line to start the shaping of the cortical bone, and recanalization of the medullary cavity was insignificant in the hBMP-2/DBM group; new cortical bone formed in the bone defect area and the medullary cavity was recanalized in the LV-hBMP-2/BMSCs/DBM group. These findings indicate that LV-hBMP-2/BMSCs/DBM can produce a large amount of calluses, promote formation of new cortical bone, and promote bone conduction, bone induction and osteogenesis after implantation into the bone defect; and this material has good repairing effect on large-segmental femoral defects of rabbits.

Objective To explore the effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhi-zinate on clinical curative effect in patients with severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP ) .Methods Ninety -two SAP patients were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=46)and the control group(n=46).They all accepted the conventional treatment, but the patients in the treatment group were given the treatment of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate 150 mg? d-1 for 2 weeks.The difference of C reactive protein ( CRP) , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF -α) , interleukin -6 ( IL -6 ) , intercellular adhesion molecule -1 ( ICAM -1 ) , oxygenation index, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood creatinine, urea nitrogen and the incidence rate of adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in the treatment group ( 89.13%) was significantly higher than that in control group (69.57%) .After 7 d and 14 d of treatment, the CRP, TNF-α, IL -6 , ICAM -1 in the treatment group were significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05 ) .After 7 d and 14 d of treatment, oxygenation index in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05 ) , and alanine
aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood creatinine, urea nitrogen in the treatment group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate could improve the clinical efficacy by improving inflammation and protecting organ function in SAP patients.

OBJECTIVETo establish a novel model of lumbar disc degeneration on the early stage in the rhesus monkey using percutaneous needle puncture guided by CT.

METHODS(1) Thirteen rhesus monkeys aged from 4 to 7 years, female 7 and male 6 were selected for establishing a model of the early stage of lumbar disc degeneration. (2)13 monkeys, 91 discs were divided into 3 groups: 64 discs from L1/2 to L5/6 were percutaneous punctured with a needle 20G as experimental group and 1 disc with a needle 15G as puncture control group and 26 discs were not be punctured from L6,7 to L7-S1 as control group. (3) Lumbar disc localization for needle puncture was guided by CT. All discs were examined by MRI, the HE, Masson's trichrome, Safranine-O and immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen before disc puncture and after puncture at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.

RESULTSMRI: (1) Experimental group: Pfirmann's Grade I was shown at postoperation 4, 8 and 12 weeks; (2) Puncture control group: Grade III was shown at postoperation 4 weeks and Grade IV at 8 weeks; (3) CONTROL GROUP: Grade I was shown at postoperation 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Histological examination: (1) In experimental group, there was no any change at postoperation 4 weeks, and the cell population of the nucleus was decreased at 8 weeks and more decreased at 12 weeks in HE. (2) There was no any change at postoperation 4 weeks, the clefts among the lamellae of the annulus fibrosus (AF) were shown at 8 weeks and more wider of the clefts of AF at 12 weeks in Masson's trichrome. (3) No any change was shown at postoperation 4 weeks, proteoglycan were progressively decreased at 8 and 12 weeks in Safranine-O. (4) No statistically significant difference in positive rate was observed at 4 and 8 weeks compared with control group in immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen. There was statistical difference at 12 weeks compared with control group (P<0.05). In puncture control group postoperation 8 weeks, the morphology of cell of nucleus pulposus was not clear in HE. The wider clefts of lamellae of the AF were shown in Masson's trichrome. The proteoglycan was obviously decreased in Safranine-O. Immunohistochemical staining collagen II synthesized was decreased. In normal control group, no any change was shown at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSThe degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc on the early stage could be induced by the percutaneous needle puncture (20G) to the annulus fibrosus. The assessment of disc degeneration on early stage is not shown on MRI and only confirmed by histological examination.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Intervertebral Disc ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Random Allocation