Osteoarthritis （OA） is a chronic degenerative disease characterized primarily by the degeneration of articular cartilage， with its pathogenesis involving a multifactorial interplay of inflammatory responses， chondrocyte apoptosis， and extracellular matrix （ECM） degradation. Non-coding RNA （ncRNA） participates in the occurrence and development of OA through their diverse regulatory pathways， providing new potential targets for its treatment. This paper systematically elucidates the mechanisms of ncRNA [micro ncRNA （miR）， circular ncRNA （circR）， and long ncRNA （lncR）] in regulating OA ， as well as the current research status of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） intervening in OA by modulating ncRNA. It is found that ncRNA participate in the pathological processes of OA by constructing a multi-layered regulatory network： miR inhibits the translation of key target genes and regulate downstream signaling pathways； circR can act as ‘molecular sponges’ to competitively absorb miRs for indirect regulation， as well as directly modulate protein functions； lncR possess both ‘molecular sponge’ capabilities and the ability to intervene directly in pathways. Andrographolide， Xinfeng capsules and others intervene in the OA process by regulating the expression of miR， forming a ‘TCM-miR-downstream response chain’， which reduces the expression of matrix-hydrolyzing enzymes and inhibits the secretion of inflammatory factors； paeoniflorin， Rongjin niantong formula and others intervene in the OA process by affecting circR and lncR， thereby forming a ‘TCM-lncR/circR-miR-downstream response chain’ to promote chondrocyte proliferation and reduce ECM degradation.

With the growing emphasis on maternal and child oral health, the significance of managing oral health across preconception, pregnancy, and infancy stages has become increasingly apparent. Oral health challenges extend beyond affecting maternal well-being, exerting profound influences on fetal and neonatal oral development as well as immune system maturation. This expert consensus paper, developed using a modified Delphi method, reviews current research and provides recommendations on maternal and child oral health management. It underscores the critical role of comprehensive oral assessments prior to conception, diligent oral health management throughout pregnancy, and meticulous oral hygiene practices during infancy. Effective strategies should be seamlessly integrated across the life course, encompassing preconception oral assessments, systematic dental care during pregnancy, and routine infant oral hygiene. Collaborative efforts among pediatric dentists, maternal and child health workers, and obstetricians are crucial to improving outcomes and fostering clinical research, contributing to evidence-based health management strategies.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant ; Consensus ; Mouth Diseases/therapy* ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy* ; Oral Health ; Infant, Newborn ; Delphi Technique ; Oral Hygiene

In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics. Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges. A two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometr (LC-MS) method was established for screening and comprehensive profiling of compositions of the antibiotic colistimethate sodium (CMS). A high concentration of phosphate buffer mobile phase was used in the first-dimensional LC system to get the components well separated. For efficient and high-accuracy screening of CMS, a targeted method based on a self-constructed high resolution (HR) mass spectrum database of CMS components was established. The database was built based on the commercial MassHunter Personal Compound Database and Library (PCDL) software and its accuracy of the compound matching result was verified with six known components before being applied to genuine sample screening. On this basis, the unknown peaks in the CMS chromatograms were deduced and assigned. The molecular formula, group composition, and origins of a total of 99 compounds, of which the combined area percentage accounted for more than 95% of CMS components, were deduced by this 2D-LC-MS method combined with the MassHunter PCDL. This profiling method was highly efficient and could distinguish hundreds of components within 3 h, providing reliable results for quality control of this kind of complex drugs.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

This paper summarized the clinical experience of Professor GE Linyi in treating ulcerative colitis （UC） by stages with the method of clearing. Professor GE believes that the core pathogenesis of UC is dampness and heat in the intestines， and by taking the method of clearing as the basis， he proposed four methods for treatment of UC including clearing and transforming， clearing and dispersing，clearing and moisterning， clearing and nourishing. The pathogenesis of UC in its active stage is dampness and heat in the intestines， congestion and stagnation of qi and blood， and accumulation of stasis toxins， for which the treatment method is to clear and transform， accompanied by clearing and dispersing method. In terms of the clearing and transforming method， Bai Tou Weng Decoction （白头翁汤） combined with Haungqin （Radix Scutellariae）， Machixian （Herba Portulacae） and Pugongying （Herba Taraxaci） is taken as the basic prescription to clear and transform dampness and heat， cool blood， resolve toxins and stop dysentery. For the clearing and dispersing method， medicinals to rectify qi such as Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri）， Cuxiangfu （Vingar Rhizoma Cyperi）， Muxiang （Radix Aucklandiae）， Zhiqiao （Fructus Aurantii）， and Binlang （Semen Arecae）， as well as those to regulate blood such as Danggui （Radix Angelicae Sinensis）， Cebaiye （Cacumen Platycladi） and Diyutan （Radix Sanguisorbae Carbonisatus） are recommended. The pathogenesis of the remission stage is healthy qi depletion and lingering pathogen of dampness and heat stasis toxin in the intestines， for which the method of clearing and nourishing， clearing and moistening can be used； the latter is mainly for people with yin fluids injury， and self-made Qingrun Yichang Decoction （清润益肠汤） is recommended， while the former is for those with spleen and stomach weakness， and self-made Qingyang Jianpi Decoction （清养健脾汤） can be used.

This study was aimed at analyzing the molecular epidemiological characteristics of all 14 cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9)virus in Xinjiang from 2014 to 2018,to provide a scientific basis for prevention,control,and treatment.The genomic sequence was obtained through high-throughput gene sequencing after nucleic acid extraction.Homolo-gy analysis,evolution analysis,mutation locus analysis,and homology modeling were performed in bioinformatics analysis software.The nucleotide homology and amino acid homology of the HA gene in 14 human infected H7N9 viruses were(97.39％-100％)and(98.38％-100％),respectively.The nucleotide homology of the NA gene and the amino acid homology ranged from 97.73％to 100％.All viruses were low pathogenic avian influenza viruses belonging to the Yangtze River Delta lin-eage and were divided into two subclades,which were most similar to the A/Hunan/02650/2016 vaccine strain.All HA pro-teins G186V and T160A were mutated;13 strains of Q226L were mutated;and none of the four key neuraminidase inhibitor resistance sites of NA protein were mutated.All sites of M2 protein S31N and V27A were mutated,all sites of PB1 protein T368V were mutated,and all sites of PA protein K356R were mutated.Xinjiang H7N9 virus exhibited double receptor bind-ing,and was resistant to amantadine drugs and sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors,which may be used in early disease sta-ges.Strengthened monitoring and timely detection of avian in-fluenza virus genome changes will be critical for prevention and control,and formulation of countermeasures.

A quartz crystal microbalance(QCM)-systematic evolution of ligands by the exponential en-richment(SELEX)technique was developed to screen out aptamers with high affinity for arsenic(Ⅲ).A random single strand DNA library was designed and fixed on the mercaptoethylamine-modified crystal plate with arsenic(Ⅲ)as the target,and the free aptamer was captured in the solution,and the QCM-SELEX screening method was constructed.After 6 rounds of screening,the secondary library was se-quenced with high throughput method,and the 6S1 dissociation coefficient Kd value was 0.36 μmol/L based on QCM resonance frequency.Using 6S1 as a probe,the QCM biosensor was constructed for the detection of arsenic(Ⅲ).The sensor has a good linear relationship in the range of 0.01 μmol/L～0.2μmol/L,and the detection limit of arsenic(Ⅲ)is 5.2 nmol/L(3σ),indicatinggood selectivity.

Objective:To compare the differences in prefrontal activation patterns between major depressive disorder and schizophrenia during the eye basic emotion discrimination task (EBEDT).Methods:Using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology and block design, the changes of prefrontal lobe oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentrations under EBEDT in 40 patients with major depressive disorder, 47 patients with schizophrenia and 55 normal controls were compared. Subsequently, employing years of education as a covariate, an analysis of covariance was performed on the EBEDT behavioral results and the changes in prefrontal Oxy-Hb concentrations in the three groups.The statistical software was SPSS 25.0.Results:(1)The correct number of EBEDT in schizophrenia group (13.93±7.67) was significantly lower than that in major depressive disorder group (19.26±8.07) and normal control group (21.79±6.36)(both P<0.05), and the EBEDT reaction time in schizophrenia group ((3.97±1.77) s) was significantly longer than those in major depressive disorder group ((3.21±1.27) s) and normal control group ((2.63±0.62) s)(both P<0.05).(2)During the EBEDT task block, the normal control group showed increased activation levels in the frontal polar region, Broca's area, anterior motor cortex and supplementary motor area (SMA) compared with the control block( t=2.02-3.18, all P<0.05); and the schizophrenia group showed increased activation levels in the frontal eye field compared with the control block( t=2.26, P=0.03); while the major depressive disorder group exhibited decreased activation levels in the entire prefrontal lobe compared with the control block( t=-3.47--2.34, all P<0.05). (3)During the emotion recognition task of EBEDT, the activation levels of the frontal polar area (ch37), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ch31), Broca's area (ch49, ch51, ch53), and SMA (ch1, ch47, ch52) were significantly different among the major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and normal controls( F=3.23-5.53, all P<0.05). Further pairwise comparisons showed that the activation levels in all the above pathways were lower in the major depressive disorder group than those in the normal control group, and the activation levels in Broca's area (ch53) and SMA area (ch52) were lower in the schizophrenia group than those in the normal control group, while the activation levels in the frontal polar area (ch37) and Broca's area (ch49) were lower in the major depressive disorder group than those in the schizophrenia group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:In EBEDT, the activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex are different between patients with major depressive disorder and patients with schizophrenia. Patients with major depressive disorder have a decrease in prefrontal cortex activation, while patients with schizophrenia have an increase in the frontal eye field activation.The activation levels in prefrontal cortex of both patients group are lower than that of normal controls. Meanwhile, the prefrontal cortex activation level of patients with major depressive disorder is lower than that of patients with schizophrenia.

Disharmony between nutritive qi(ying)and defensive qi(wei)is the core pathogenesis of insomnia.The normal function of ying-wei in the generation,dispersion,divergence and aggregation is the precondition for the realization of the coordination between ying and wei.The disordered function of ying-wei in the generation,dispersion,divergence and aggregation will cause the disharmony between ying and wei,and then the insomnia occurs.For the treatment of insomnia caused by the disordered function of ying-wei in the generation,Guizhi Decoction associated prescriptions are used for strengthening middle energizer and nourishing ying and wei.For the treatment of insomnia caused by the disordered function of ying-wei in the dispersion,Mahuang Decoction associated prescriptions are used to relieve the exterior and eliminate the pathogen for insomnia patients with the manifestations of the attack of exopathogens,and Xiao Chaihu Decoction associated prescriptions are used to dredge the triple energizer for insomnia patients with the dysfunction of the triple energizer.For the treatment of insomnia caused by the disordered function of ying-wei in the divergence,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma associated bitter-cold prescriptions are used to purge the interior heat for insomnia patients with abundant interior heat syndrome,Gypsum Fibrosum associated pungent-cold prescriptions are used to release muscles and clear heat for insomnia patients with the interior heat complicated by exterior syndrome,Natrii Sulfas Exsiccatus associated salty-cold prescriptions are used to clear heat,moisten dryness and dissipate the masses for insomnia patients with interior heat complicated by dryness syndrome,sour-cold medicines are used to clear heat and remove retained water,supplement deficiency and relieve exterior for insomnia patients with interior heat complicated by water-retention syndrome,deficiency syndrome and exterior syndrome,and Ophiopogonis Radix associated prescriptions and Lillli Bulbus associated prescriptions are used to clear heat and nourish ying for insomnia patients with the consumption of ying and yin.For the treatment of insomnia caused by the disordered function of ying-wei in the aggregation,the compatibility of Poria and Cinnamomi Ramulus is used for warming yang and resolving fluid retention in patients with fluid retention,Taohong Siwu Decoction associated prescriptions are used to activate blood and remove stasis in patients with predominance of blood stasis syndrome,the compatibility of Poria and Paeoniae Radix Alba are used to treat retained water and blood stasis in patients with water-blood co-morbidity.Treating insomnia caused by disharmony between ying and wei from the perspective of the function of ying-wei in the generation,dispersion,divergence and aggregation is aimed at the core pathogenesis of insomnia,which makes the treatment easy to be carried out,and can provide reference for clinical differentiation and treatment of insomnia.