Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Calcinosis ; Colitis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective:To summarize the current policies and measures in curbing health corruption in China, and to evaluate the implementation results of these policies and measures.Methods:We made a systematic review to search and screen the literatures, with related thematic information extracted, compared and classified to form an integrated view by the data integration method of thematic synthesis.Results:A total of 147 literatures were included, covering such health policies and measures as the basic drug system, the centralized bidding and purchasing and centralized drug purchasing, the " two-invoice system" , hospital information disclosure system, adverse records of commercial bribery, doctor′s virtue evaluation system and no bribery agreement. These five policies and measures prove effective in curbing the corruption, but some types of corruption tend to evade such restrictions.Conclusions:The five types of policy measures summarized in the study have effectively curbed the high risk exposure of corruptions found in drugs, medical consumables and medical devices, and also guided and restrained the profit-oriented behaviors of the behavior subjects. Stronger measures should be integrated into a broader reform of the healthcare system, in combination with institutional compensation and operational mechanism reform, medical personnel compensation and incentive system, and modern pluralistic governance reform. Meanwhile, studies in the field of corruption need to focus on the direct and indirect effects of multi-level medical reform policies on corruption governance from an integrated perspective, while attention needs to cover more types of corruption behaviors, and to diversify research methods, so as to provide more practical policy support.

Objective To discuss the selection of approaches for CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of thoracic and lumbar spine. Methods One hundred and forty-one cases of thoracic (70 cases) or lumbar (71 cases) vertebral undiagnosed lesions underwent CT-guided percutaneous biopsy. Appropriate needle approaches were designed according to different locations of lesions in the vertebra, including 63 cases of paravertebral path, 45 cases of transpedicular path, 11 cases of transcostovertebral path, and 22 cases of other paths. Results Out of the 141 cases, a definite diagnosis was obtained in 128 cases. The diagnostic accuracy of biopsy was 90.8%. No complications occurred. Conclusions The needle approach for CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of the thoracic and lumbar spine should be selected according to different locations of lesions, which should be based on principles of safety, enough specimen, and minimally invasive to patients.

Objective To analyze the selection of puncture needles in CT-guided percutaneous biopsy in musculoskeletal system diseases.Methods Three hundred and sixty-four undiagnosed lesions of musculoskeletal system underwent CT-guided percutaneous biopsy from January 1996 to March 2005.Proper selection of different puncture needles,including biopsy gun,bone biopsy needle,or both,was made according to different locations and characteristics of the lesions.Results Among 255 lytic lesions,the biopsy gun alone was used in 47 cases and both biopsy gun and bone biopsy needle were used in 208 cases.Among 73 mixed lesions,the bone biopsy needle alone was used in 49 cases,biopsy gun alone in 14 cases,and both in 10 cases.The bone biopsy needle was used in all 36 sclerotic lesions.Enough specimens were obtained in all the cases,and no complications occurred.A correct biopsy diagnosis was made in 334 cases,the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy being 91.8%(334/364). Conclusions The puncture needles for CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of the musculoskeletal system lesions should be selected according to different locations and characteristics of lesions.For sclerotic lesions or lesions containing relatively more sclerotic contents,the bone biopsy needle should be used.For lytic lesions,the biopsy gun should be used.And the combined use of both bone needle and biopsy gun should be utilized for mixed lesions.

Objective To investigate the effect of biofilm cleaning agents and multienzyme cleaning agents in the cleaning of tubular instruments. Methods About 200 pieces of intramedullary nail used in tibial fracture and intramedullary nailing were selected and divided into multienzyme cleaning group and biomembrane cleaning group according to the order of recovery. According to the random number table method, each group had 100 pieces. The biofilm cleaning group was cleaned with biological membrane cleaning agent, and the multienzyme cleaning group was cleaned with multienzyme cleaning agent. The cleaning effect of luminal instruments was observed by means of microscopy, dipstick test and ATP bioluminescence assay. Result The cleaning quality and biofilm removal effect of the biofilm cleaning group were better than those of the multienzyme cleaning group (P<0.05). Conclusion Cleaning the luminal instruments with biomembrane cleaning agent can improve the cleaning quality and prevent the formation of bacterial biofilm.

Objective To observe the effect of herbal medicines with the function of replenish qi and essence for the immune func- tion of patients after mammary cancer operation.Methods The 115 patients of mammary cancer after modified radical operation were randomized into treatment group and control group.The treatment group began to take the decoction of herbal medicines from 7 days before and from the 3rd day after operation.The control group had the same treatment but without taking herbal medicines.The im- mune indices of both groups were tested on the day 7 days before,one day and 14 days after operation respectively.Results In the treatment group,IgA,IgG,IgM were remarkably increased in comparison with the control group 14 days after operation;with the herbal treatment for 2 weeks,CD_4,CD_4/CD_8,IL-2 rised remarkably(P

Objective To explore the risk factors of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)and assess the effect of prophylactic use of probiotics(Bifico)in prevention of NEC and observe changes of weight.Methods Five hundred and twenty-four cases of prematures who were inpatients were divided into 2 groups randomly(prevention group,n=276,no-prevention group,n=248)and the morbidity of NEC and the increase of eight during hospitalization were observed.A case-control study and conditional Logistic regression model multifactorial analysis were made to 20 cases NEC neonates and 80 cases non-NEC neonates.Results The prevention group(276 cases)had 5 cases of NEC and the average weight increase was(8.114?8.137)g/d,the no-prevention group 248 cases had 17 cases of NEC,and the average weight increase was(6.595?5.337)g/d.The occure rate of NEC in prevention group was significantly lower than that of no-prevention group(?2=5.57 P

Objective To explore the expression of DC?SIGN, the phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs), on podocytes, and its role in immune and inflammatory responses of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods DC?SIGN and IgG1 expression in renal tissues of lupus nephritis patients were observed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The 4?week old LN mice were randomly divided into the experimental group and the intervention group. C57BL/6J mice were used as normal control group. Mice of the intervention group were injected anti?DC?SIGN antibody at 6?week old. Mice were sacrificed at 16, 20, 24, 28?week old respectively, to observe the mice renal function and pathological changes. And DC?SIGN and IgG1 expression in renal tissue were observed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In addition, mice podocytes were treated with serum of LN mice. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the expression of MHC II, CD80 and DC?SIGN expression on podocytes. Mixed lymphocyte reaction was used to detect the ability of stimulating T cells proliferation. IFN?gamma and IL?4 in supernatant were determined by ELISA. Results (1) Expression of DC?SIGN and IgG1 was found in glomeruli of lupus nephritis patients. (2) Accompanied by increased proteinuria of LN mice from 20?week old (P<0.01), DC?SIGN and IgG1 expression was found in glomeruli, and the renal function deteriorated up to 24 week?old (P<0.01). Mice with anti?DC?SIGN antibody intervention appeared reduced proteinuria and remission of renal function (P<0.01). (3) After stimulated by serum of LN mice, the expression of DC?SIGN, MHC II and CD80 was up?regulated, stimulation of T cell proliferation was enhanced (P<0.01), and IFN?gamma/IL?4 ratio increased (P<0.01). Anti?DC?SIGN antibody treatment down?regulated the expressions of DC?SIGN, MHC II and CD80 on podocytes, decreased the ability of stimulating T cell proliferation and lowered the ratio of IFN?gamma/IL?4 (P<0.01). Conclusions Podocytes in lupus nephritis can play DC?like function through the expression of DC?SIGN, which may be involved in immune and inflammatory responses of renal tissue. However, inhibiton of DC?SIGN can depress immune function of podocytes and have prevention and treatment effect.

Objective To evaluate the role of several traditional laboratory examinations in identifying the cause of WBC count increase,which might be the adverse reaction of glucocorticoid or infection.Methods 74 patients treated in the hospital from Jan. 2011 to Dec.2012 were recruited in the study.Glucocorticoid without Infection(n =15 ),Infection without Glucocorticoid(n =29) and Infection with Glucocorticoid(n=30)Group were devided according to the type of disease and therapies.After being treated for 0,3,7 d,respectively venous blood samples of patients were collected to determine the concentration of CRP,WBC count,leukocyte classification and NAP score.CRP was used as the Judgment index for the degree of infection,the changes of other indexes were compared.Results Compared with the Infection without Glucocorticoid Group,the CRP concentration of the Infection with Glu-cocorcoid Group was becoming lower(P >0.05).The Non-infection with Glucocorticoid Group applied glucocorticoid for 3 days and 7 days respectively,the count of neutrophilic granulocyte and NAP score increased significantly compared with that before glucocor-ticoid application(P <0.01)while the count of lymphocyte reduced(P <0.05)and no significant change in the count of eosnophils (P >0.05).Conclusion The increase of WBC after glucocorticoid can not be identified whether it is the adverse reaction of glu-cocorticoid or aggravated infection by using classification of leukocyte,the increasing amount of WBC and NAP score.

Objective To study the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Niaoluqing Decoction on Ureaplasma Urealyticum (Uu) . Methods Sixty-three clinical strains of Uu were identified to determine their serology and antibiotic susceptibilities by the metabolic inhibition test(MIT). These strains were subcultured for 3 generations and then cultured with Niaoluqing Decoction with a series of concentrations from 250 mg/mL to 0.48 mg/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined when the color of culture medium did not change from yellow to red in 72 h.Results For 63 clinical strains of Uu, the range of MIC of Niaoluqing Decoction was from 0.48 mg/mL to 15.63 mg/mL,MIC50≤1.95 mg/mL,MIC90≤3.91 mg/mL. Clinical strains of Uu had a higher sensitive to Niaoluqing Decoction than to tetracycline(?2=18.38,P 0.05).Clinical strains of Uu including all of its serotypes had a higher antibiotic susceptibility to Niaoluqing Decoction (MIC≤3.91 mg/mL) except for serotype 11, 1, 2 in this experiment contains (MIC≥7.81 mg/mL). Conclusion Niaoluqing Decoction showed a significant in-vitro antibacterial activity on clinical Uu strains with different serotypes.