AIM: To determine the effect of promoting cellular cholesterol efflux on the apoptosis of foam cells derived from monocytes. METHODS: RAW264.7 cells were incubated with 50 mg/L ox-LDL as a foam cell mode. The apoptosis rate of RAW264.7 cells was assayed by flow cytometry. Cellular lipid droplet was assayed by oil red staining. The rate of cellular cholesterol efflux was assayed with [~3H] label cholesterol, and the content of cellular cholesterol were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: After incubation with 50 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h, the content of cellular cholesterol ester increased from (6.8?3.6) mg/g to (101.7?4.5) mg/g (P

0.05).The successful rates of weaning from MV of embedment group(60%,75%) were significantly higher than those of control group(30%,35%) and traditional needle group(25%,30%) in the 2 nd and 4 th week after treatment(all P

Objective To evaluate the safety,effectiveness,and middle or long-term efficacy of endovascular stenting of internal carotid artery stenosis at the cavernous segment. Methods Thirty-two patients underwent endovascular stenting at the cavernous segment of internal carotid artery from January 2012 to February 2015 were enrolled retrospectively. Angioplasty and stenting were conducted using Apollo or Winspan stent system. The improvement of internal carotid artery cavernous segment stenosis and perioperative safety and the results of the medium and long-term follow-up of the 2 kinds of stents were observed. Results All the 32 patients achieved technical success. The symptoms of cerebral ischemia of the patients were relieved significantly. The length of the stenosis at cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery was 4 to 13 mm (mean,7. 2 ±2. 9 mm). The stenosis rate from 82 ± 7% before treatment decreased to the 24 ± 7% . One patient had perioperative complication (4. 7%),26 of them were followed up with DSA,and 6 were lost to follow-up. The follow-up period ranged from 7 to 29 months (mean,16 ± 7 months). During the follow-up period,1 patient had intracerebral hemorrhage,1 had cerebral infarction,and none of them died. Four patients had in-stent restenosis,three of them used Winspan stents, and 1 used Apollo stents. Conclusion The patients should be screened strictly,particularly paying attention to the length of lesions. Endovascular stent angioplasty for the treatment of internal carotid artery cavernous segment stenosis is a safe and effective method.

Objective Base on the neighborhood activation model(NAM), to develop the Mandarin monosyllable lexical neighborhood test(M-LNT-monosyllable), which is expected to be useful for evaluating speech perception performance in children with hearing loss. Methods Test items were based on the lexical characteristics of word frequency and neighborhood density which addressed in the neighborhood activation model (NAM). M-LNT -monosyllable consisted of two parts: Lexically "easy" words with high word frequency, which were low phonemically similar to the target word and lexically "hard" words with low word frequency, which were high phonemically similar to the target word. 34 children of 3～5 year old with normal hearing were choosed as subjects to verify easy word and hard word lists. Results 1 979 words for children contained 487 easy words and 419 hard words. Three easy word lists and three hard word lists were developed to estimate the performance of word recognition among normal- hearing children. There were no differences among scores of three easy words lists(P＞0.05), and no difference among scores of three hard words lists(P＞0.05). But there were significant differences between scores of easy and hard words lists(P＜0.01). Conclusion The development of the lexicon was affected by the lexical characteristics. Normal-hearing children with some lexical techniques were affected by the lexical characteristics when they recognized the spoken words, but children with less lexical technique didn't show the same result because the recognition was processed on the phonetic level.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of task-oriented bilateral arm training on upper limb function in children with spastic hemiplegia. Methods 27 children within 4-6 years with spastic hemiplegic were randomly divided into control group (n=13) and experiment group (n=14). The children in control group received routine occupational therapy. The bilateral arm task-oriented training was added for children in experiment group. The Peabody development motor scale-2 (PDMS-2) and Upper Limb Physician's Rating Scale (ULPRS) were used to assess the upper limb function before and after 10 weeks intervention. Results After treatment, the scores of grasping function and visual-motor integration in PDMS-2 were significantly higher than those before treatment (P＜0.05), and the scores of experimental group werehigher than that of control group (P ＜0.05), and the difference of the added value between two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The ULPRS scores of both groups increased after treatment (P＜0.05), scores between the treatment group and the control group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05), and the difference of the added value between two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Conclusion The task-oriented bilateral arm training can promote recovery for upper limb and hand function in children with spastic hemiplegia compared with routine occupational therapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of surgical method with the soleus muscle flap for repairing the soft-tissue defects in the middle and distal thirds of the leg, combined with open tibial fracture and/or osteomyelitis.

METHODSFrom May 2007 to December 2011, 8 cases with soft-tissue defects in the middle and distal thirds of the leg were treated with soleus muscle flaps, including 5 cases with chronic osteomyelitis and 3 cases with open tibial fracture and acute osteomyelitis. The defects size ranged from 8 cm x 6 cm to 12 cm x 10 cm. The surface of muscle flaps was covered by split-thickness skin graft. The defects at the donor site were closed directly.

RESULTSAll the muscle flaps and skin grafts survived completely and fracture was healed. The patients were followed up for 2 to 54 months with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results.

CONCLUSIONSThe soleus muscle flap is an effective and feasible method for reconstruction of the soft-tissue defects in the middle and distal thirds of the leg, combined with open tibial fracture and/or osteomyelitis. The morbidity at donor sites is also minor.

Adult ; Female ; Fractures, Open ; complications ; Humans ; Leg Injuries ; complications ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; transplantation ; Osteomyelitis ; complications ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; complications ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Tibial Fractures ; complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the value of CRW stereotactic navigation system and three-dimensional-CT in the radiofrequency thermocoagulation for primary trigeminal neuralgia.Methods One hundred and twenty-four patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia were treated with percutaneous radio-frequency thermocoagulation with the aid of CRW stereotactic system and three-dimensional CT. Results All of 124 patients were punctured successfully without any complications. Eighty-nine patients (71.8%) were punctured successfully at nce,33 patients(26.6%)were punctured successfully at twice. Because of the variation of the skull bottom, 2 patients (1.6%) were punctured successfully at many times. The effective rate of thermocoagulation is 98.4%. Eighty-seven patients (70.2%) appeared facial sensory decline and 1 (0.8%) appeared keratitis after operation; no such complications as diplopia, masticatory atonia and difficulty in opening mouth appeared. Seven patients (5.6%) relapsed after follow-up for 3 months to 2 years. Conclusion A stereotactic and CT reconstruction can greatly improve the accuracy of puncturing on the foramen ovale, reduce the complications and help to adopt an individualized puncture strategy, which can ensure the effectiveness and increase the cure rate.

OBJECTIVES: To study the early clinical efficacy of combined therapy of stage 4 neuroblastoma. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data and follow-up data of 14 children with stage 4 neuroblastoma who were diagnosed in Hong Kong University-Shenzhen Hospital from January 2016 to June 2021. RESULTS: The median age of onset was 3 years and 7.5 months in these 14 children. Among these children, 9 had positive results of bone marrow biopsy, 4 had N-Myc gene amplification, 13 had an increase in neuron-specific enolase, and 7 had an increase in vanilmandelic acid in urine. Based on the results of pathological examination, differentiated type was observed in 6 children, undifferentiated type in one child, mixed type, in one child and poorly differentiated type in 6 children. Of all the children, 10 received chemotherapy with the N7 regimen (including 2 children receiving arsenic trioxide in addition) and 4 received chemotherapy with the Rapid COJEC regimen. Thirteen children underwent surgery, 14 received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and 10 received radiotherapy. A total of 8 children received Ch14.18/CHO immunotherapy, among whom 1 child discontinued due to anaphylactic shock during immunotherapy, and the other 7 children completed Ch14.18/CHO treatment without serious adverse events, among whom 1 child was treated with Lu177 Dotatate 3 times after recurrence and is still undergoing chemotherapy at present. The median follow-up time was 45 months for all the 14 children. Four children experienced recurrence within 2 years, and the 2-year overall survival rate was 100%; 4 children experienced recurrence within 3 years, and 7 achieved disease-free survival within 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary combined therapy is recommended for children with stage 4 neuroblastoma and can help them achieve better survival and prognosis.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Neuroblastoma/drug therapy* ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: Differential flora and differential metabolites shared by the intestinal and respiratory tracts of rats were screened to analyze the possible role of changes in intestinal flora and metabolites in the progression of pneumoconiosis in rats. Methods: In April 2020, 18 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (control group, coal mine dust group and silica group, 6 in each group) , rats in the coal mine dust group and silica group were perfused with 1 ml of 50 mg/ml coal mine well dust suspension and silica suspension by nontracheal exposure, respectively. While rats in the control group were perfused with an equal dose of sterilized normal saline. Twenty four weeks after dust staining, rat feces, throat swabs, and lung lavages were collected. 16SrDNA gene sequencing and UHPLC-QTOF-MS untargeted metabolomics were used to analyze the flora and metabolites in feces, throat swabs and lung lavage fluid of rats in each group, to screen for shared differential flora and shared differential metabolites in intestinal and respiratory tract, and the correlation analysis between the differential flora and metabolites was performed using Spearman's statistics. Results: Compared with the control group, a total of 9 species shared differential flora between intestinal and respiratory tract were screened at phylum level, and a total of 9 species shared differential genus between intestinal and respiratory tract were screened at genus level in the coal mine dust group, mainly Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, etc. Compared with the control group, a total of 9 shared differential flora were screened at the phylum level, and a total of 5 shared differential genus were screened at the genus level in the silica group, mainly Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Allobactera, Mucilaginibacter, etc. Compared with the control group, a total of 7 shared differential metabolites were screened for up-regulation of Stigmatellin, Linalool oxide and Isoleucine-leucine in both intestinal and respiratory tract in the coal mine dust group. Compared with the control group , a total of 19 shared differential metabolites werescreened in the silica group, of which Diethanolamine, 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, Isoleucine-leucine, Sphingosine, Palmitic acid, D-sphinganine, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine, and 1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine were up-regulated in both the intestinal and respiratory tract. Conclusion: There is a translocation of intestinal and respiratory flora in pneumoconiosis rats, and rats have an imbalance of lipid metabolism during the progression of pneumoconiosis.
Rats ; Animals ; Isoleucine ; Leucine ; Coal Mining ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Pneumoconiosis ; Dust/analysis* ; Silicon Dioxide ; Coal

Whether in the West or the East, the connection between the ear and the rest of the body has been explored for a long time. Especially in the past century or more, the relevant theoretical and applied research on the ear has greatly promoted the development of ear therapy, and finally the concept of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been proposed. The purpose of taVNS is to treat a disease non-invasively by applying electrical current to the cutaneous receptive field formed by the auricular branch of the vagus nerve in the outer ear. In the past two decades, taVNS has been a topic of basic, clinical, and transformation research. It has been applied as an alternative to drug treatment for a variety of diseases. Based on the rapid understanding of the application of taVNS to human health and disease, some limitations in the development of this field have also been gradually exposed. Here, we comprehensively review the origin and research status of the field.