OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of oral cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on lymphangiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

METHODSCAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were obtained from the tissues of patients with OSCC who did not receive radio-chemotherapy before operation. And the CAFs and NFs were isolated by method of tissue block and identified by immunohistochemical staining. The effects of CAFs (group A) and NFs (group B) to human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLEC) were detected by using a 24-multiwell transwell cell culture chamber. DMEM sugar medium was as blank control group. The number of proliferative, migratory, invasive and tubes of HLEC were counted under inverted phase contrast microscope.

RESULTSThe proliferative number of HLEC of group A for 96, 144, 196 h was significantly higher than that of group B and blank control group, group B higher than blank control group (P<0.01). The migratory and invasive number of HLEC of group A for 96 h was significantly higher than that of group B and blank control group, group B higher than blank control group (P<0.01). The number of tube formation of HLEC of group A for 24 h was significantly higher than that of group B and blank control group, group B higher than blank control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONCAFs promote HLEC's proliferation, migration, invasion, tube formation, and these effects are stronger than NFs.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Cells ; Fibroblasts ; physiology ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; pathology

Moderate drought stress has been found to promote the accumulation of active ingredients in Glycyrrhiza uralensis root and hence improve the medicinal quality. In this study, the transcriptomes of 6-month-old moderate drought stressed and control G. uralensis root (the relative water content in soil was 40%-45% and 70%-75%, respectively) were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000. A total of 80,490 490 and 82 588 278 clean reads, 94,828 and 305,100 unigenes with N50 sequence of 1,007 and 1,125 nt were obtained in drought treated and control transcriptome, respectively. Differentially expressed genes analysis revealed that the genes of some cell wall enzymes such as β-xylosidase, legumain and GDP-L-fucose synthase were down-regulated indicating that moderate drought stress might inhibit the primary cell wall degradation and programmed cell death in root cells. The genes of some key enzymes involved in terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were up-regulated by moderate drought stress might be the reason for the enhancement for the active ingredients accumulation in G. uralensis root. The promotion of the biosynthesis and signal transduction of auxin, ethylene and cytokinins by moderate drought stress might enhance the root formation and cell proliferation. The promotion of the biosynthesis and signal transduction of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid by moderate drought stress might enhance the drought stress tolerance in G. uralensis. The inhibition of the biosynthesis and signal transduction of gibberellin and brassinolide by moderate drought stress might retard the shoot growth in G. uralensis.
Droughts ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; genetics ; Plant Roots ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stress, Physiological ; Transcriptome

Garrès osteomyelitis is a specific type of chronic osteomyelitis that most commonly occurs in young patients, secondary to dental infection, and affects the unilateral side of the mandible. Bilateral mandibular Garrè's osteomyelitis is rare. In this article, a case of Garrè's osteomyelitis with bilateral mandible is reported. Its etiology, clinical pathologic features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment methods are discussed by reviewing relevant literature.
Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Diseases ; Osteomyelitis

Objective To study the effect of metformin on glucolipid metabolic disorders and liver lipid deposition caused by clozapine in rats.Methods From 1 d to 4 d,Clozapine 5 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 was gavaged,and the dose increased to 25 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 from the 5th day.Metformin 100 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 or 400 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 or simvastatin 1 mg· kg -1 ·d -1 was gavaged from the 15th day.The total period of dosing was 8 weeks.Body mass,fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (2hPBG)were measured at baseline,3 d,1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks and 8 weeks.At the end of the 8th week,serum cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein (LDL -C), high density lipoprotein (HDL -C),fructosamine (FA)and insulin (IRS)were measured and liver HE staining was done.Results There were no significant differences of the measured indexes between control group and metformin group at the all test points.By the end of the 6th and 8th week,compared with control group,the body mass,FBS,2hPBG,IRS, FA,TC,TG and LDL -C were significantly increased in clozapine group (P <0.05 ),while HDL -C decreased in clozapine group (P <0.05).Compared with clozapine group,body mass,FBS,2hPBG,IRS,FA,TC,TG and LDL -C were significantly decreased by metformin or simvastatin administration (P <0.05),while HDL -C increased(P <0.05).Rat liver cells in clozapine group were not neat around the small blood vessels;there were more white fat cells and hepatocellular lipid calm far away from the blood vessels.However,in other groups,there were moderate white fat cells, and there were not much hepatocellular lipid calm far away from the blood vessels.Conclusion Metformin could effectively prevent and treat weight gain,glucolipid metabolic disorder and liver lipid deposition caused by clozapine.

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasatinib in BCR/ABL positive leukemia patients with primary or secondary resistance to imatinib. 27 patients with primary or secondary imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (Ph(+) ALL) received 100 - 140 mg/d dasatinib orally. Their overall survival and tolerance were evaluated. The results showed that the median duration of dasatinib therapy was 8 (1-66) months in the 27 imatinib-resistant BCR/ABL positive leukemia cases, with a median follow-up of 54 (3-75) months. After the dasatinib treatment, 88.8% of all the 27 cases achieved complete hematologic response (CHR), 29.6% of them achieved major cytogenetic response (mCyR), 37% of all achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and 18.5% cases achieved major molecular response (MMR). Patients who received dasatinib in progress of disease (CML-AP, CML-BC and bone marrow relapse Ph(+) ALL) had a lower CCyR rate than those in stable disease (CML-CP and bone marrow remission Ph(+) ALL) (P = 0.0377), and 3 - 4 grade adverse events occurred more frequently in progress of disease than that in stable disease. Overall survival of the patients who achieved CCyR after dasatinib therapy was statistically longer than those who did not achieve CCyR (63 m vs 9 m, P = 0.0126). The most common grade 3 - 4 adverse events during dasatinib therapy including hematology events such as thrombocytopenia (51.8%), neutropenia (48.1%), anemia (33.3%), and non-hematologic events such as pleural effusion (18.5%), pulmonary infection (18.5%), pericardial effusion (11.1%). The 3-4 grade adverse events occurred within 12 months from dasatinib therapy, and were mainly observed in patients with progress of disease. It is concluded that dasatinib is an effective drug in imatinib-resistant BCR/ABL positive leukemia patients, the better curative effect and better tolerance has been observed in patients who received dasatinib in stable disease.
Adult ; Aged ; Benzamides ; therapeutic use ; Dasatinib ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; blood ; drug therapy ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Thiazoles ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease ; complications

OBJECTIVEPenile enhancement was performed using acellular dermal matrix.

METHODSMultiple layers of acellular dermal matrix were placed underneath the penile skin to enlarge its girth. Since March 2002, penile augmentation has been performed on 12 cases using acellular dermal matrix.

RESULTSPostoperatively all the patients had a 1.3-3.1 cm (2.6 cm in average) increase in penile girth in a flaccid state. The penis had normal appearance and feeling without contour deformities. All patients gained sexual ability 3 months after the operation. One had a delayed wound healing due to tight dressing, which was repaired with a scrotal skin flap.

CONCLUSIONSPenile enlargement by implantation of multiple layers of acellular dermal matrix was a safe and effective operation. This method can be performed in an outpatient ambulatory setting. The advantages of the acellular dermal matrix over the autogenous dermal fat grafts are elimination of donor site injury and scar and significant shortening of operation time.

Acellular Dermis ; Adult ; Dermis ; transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the roles of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) and open adrenalectomy (GA) for treatment of adrenal gland diseases.

METHODSThe data of 486 patients with adrenal gland diseases was analyzed retrospectively during 5 years. A total of 478 patients received surgical treatments including 318 GAs and 160 LAs. The operation time, bleeding volume during operation, intestine function recovery time, pain postoperatively, hospital stay time postoperatively and postoperative complications in group GA and group LA respectively were compared.

RESULTSAll cases in group GA were successful. A total of 154 cases in group LA were successful, and 6 cases were converted to open surgery. In group LA, there were 9 cases whose tumor diameter exceeded 6 cm. There were 3 malignant cases in group LA, and no recurrence and metastasis were observed during 3-20 months follow-up. The average operation time was (112 +/- 16) mmn and (69 +/- 10) min in group GA and LA respectively. The average bleeding volume during operation was (286 +/- 23) ml, (56 +/- 10) ml in group GA and LA respectively. The average intestine function recovery time was (66 +/- 7) h, (24 +/- 7) h in group GA and LA respectively. The average frequency of treatment of pain was 1.9 +/- 0.4 and 0.5 +/- 0.1 in group GA and LA respectively. The average hospital stay time postoperatively was (10.3 +/- 1.1) d and (7.2 +/- 0.7) d in group GA and LA respectively. The rate of postoperative complications was 40.3% and 7.5% in group GA and LA respectively. All differences were significant (P = 0.023, 0.007, 0.039, 0.003, 0.029 and 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSLA has the added benefit of shorter convalescent times, improving patients satisfaction and less associated complications, as it has proved to be as effective as OA.

Adolescent ; Adrenal Gland Diseases ; surgery ; Adrenalectomy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To establish an experimental model of acute cerebral schistosomiasis japonica and explore the MRI manifestations of acute cerebral schistosomiasis. Methods Rabbits were divided into 3 groups with 10 rabbits in each group. The rabbits in the experimental group were directly injected with suspension fluid of Schistosoma japonicum eggs(0.9 mg,1 ml) by the cranial drilling method,those in the negative control group were given saline(1 ml)by the same method above-men-tioned,and those in the blank control group were not given any treatment. Antibiotic was given to the first two groups after the op-eration. The clinical manifestations of the 3 groups were observed,and the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was performed in 30 days post-operation,and then the brain tissues were taken for pathological examinations. Results All the rabbits in the ex-perimental group exhibited inappetence,various neurological symptoms including hemiplegia,and weight loss after the opera-tion;while those in the negative control group showed inappetence in 3 days after the operation,and 1 week later,the symptom disappeared;there were no adverse reactions in the blank control group. MRI of the experimental group showed nodular or patchy enhancement on T1WI enhancement,brain edema,abnormal ventricular dilatation,and needle augmentation. SWI dis-played hypointense in the abnormal enhanced nodules and flaky hypointense on the operation brain. In the negative control group,2 rabbits showed abnormal enhancement of the needle canal,and 1 showed mild dilatation of the ventricle. The blank control group showed normal manifestations. The pathological examinations showed abnormal appearances in 10 rabbits of the ex-perimental group,including 6 with S. japonicum egg granuloma nodules,nonspecific granuloma nodules coexisted with perivas-cular inflammation;no granuloma nodules were found in the negative control group,but 2 rabbits showed vascular inflamma-tion;the blank control group showed the normal brain tissue. Conclusions An experimental model of acute cerebral schistoso-miasis is successfully established in rabbits by intracranial injection of schistosome eggs. The MRI examination combined with the clinical manifestations can improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of cerebral schistosomiasis.

The purpose of this study was to summary the clinical and laboratorial features in 15 adult cases of mixed phenotypic acute leukemia with Ph chromosome and/or BCR-ABL fusion gene positive (Ph(+)MPAL), 15 adult patients with Ph(+)MPAL were defined by WHO-2008 classification. The clinical characteristics, results of morphology, immunology, cytogenetics and molecular genetic detections and results of follow-up in 15 adult patients with Ph(+)MPAL were analyzed retrospectively. The results showed that 15 patients among 87 cases of MPAL demonstrated Ph(+)MPAL (17.2%; 15/87) (7 males and 8 females), their median age was 51 (range 16-81) year old and median WBC count at diagnosis was 69 (12.7-921)×10(9)/L. Based on FAB criteria, these patients showed different morphologic types, including AML (13.3%; 2/15), ALL (40.0%; 6/15), HAL (46.7%; 7/15). Immunologic analysis indicated that 15 cases of Ph(-)MPAL were all classified as B-lymphoid +myeloid mixed immunophenotype. Except one patient, all expressed CD34 antigen on the surface of leukemia cells with 64.3% strong positive, only Ph (53.3%; 8/15), Ph with additional chromosomal abnormalities (33.3%; 5/15) and normal karyotype (13.3%; 2/15) were cytogenetically identified. BCR-ABL fusion gene transcript positive were detected by multiplex reverse transcription PCR in all cases, with e1a2 subtype (p190) (40.0%; 6/15) and b2a2 or b3a2 (p210) subtype (60.0%; 9/15). Four out of 7 (57.1%) patients were found to have IKZF1 gene deletion, without other common gene mutations. Seven out of 10 cases (70.0%) achieved complete remission (CR) after one cycle of induction chemotherapy. In the induction stage, CR rate seemed higher when tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were added to chemotherapy (83.3%:50.0%; P = 0.206). Overall survival (OS) in 4 patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was longer than that in 4 patients received chemotherapy alone (P = 0.004). It is concluded that Ph(+)MPAL mainly is expressed as B+My phenotype. The majority of patients is older and has CD34 overexpression. In the aspect of molecular genetics, the Ph(+)MPAL is similar to other acute leukemia with Ph chromosome. Ph(+)MPAL is a subtype of acute leukemia with poor prognosis. WBC count at diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor. The combination of TKI and allo-HSCT can improve their long-term survival, which needs to be confirmed through carrying out a prospective and multicenter clinical trial for newly diagnosed Ph(+)MPAL.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult