N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is recognized as the most prevalent mRNA modification in mammals, intricately involved in a multitude of processes pertaining to mRNA metabolism, encompassing RNA transcription, translation, and degradation. It plays a pivotal role in various physiological functions. Under the coordinated actions of methyltransferases, demethylases, and m6A-binding proteins, m6A modifications undergo reversible changes to fulfill their diverse molecular functions.Methyltransferase-like 3(METTL3), as the core catalytic subunit of methyltransferases and the most extensively studied methyltransferase, holds a central position in m6A modification. In recent years, it has been found that METTL3-mediated m6A modification is involved in the occurrence and development of various ocular diseases, such as ocular surface diseases, glaucoma, cataract, retinal diseases, and ocular tumors, by affecting the expression of inflammatory factors and thus regulating the inflammatory response, and by regulating various pathways that affect the proliferation of cells and oxidative stress. In this paper, we comprehensively review the mechanisms under the role of METTL3 in ocular diseases, offering novel insights and perspectives for the prevention and management of these conditions.

Adaptive optics(AO)is a technology designed to enhance the performance of optical systems through real-time measurement and correction of optical aberrations. With continuous advancements in refractive surgery techniques and rising patient expectations for surgical outcomes, the precise implementation of personalized refractive corrections has become a critical focus. The integration of AO technology into refractive surgery provides novel technical support. Specifically, the adaptive optics vision simulator(VAO)facilitates accurate preoperative objective and subjective refraction by dynamically measuring and correcting ocular wavefront aberrations, thereby improving refractive efficiency. Additionally, it enables effective prediction of postoperative aberrations for personalized procedures, assists clinicians in making data-driven preoperative decisions, facilitates comparative analysis of different surgical techniques, and allows intuitive evaluation of postoperative visual quality. This review comprehensively examines the advances in VAO applications for refractive surgery and analyzes both its clinical advantages and technical limitations.

With the accelerating process of population aging, binocular vision disorders have become increasingly prevalent, posing new challenges for both social aging strategies and ophthalmic clinical practice. Non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies(NSBVAs)are notably prevalent among elderly populations; however, current research predominantly focuses on the abnormality rates derived from individual binocular vision clinical tests, while data on the actual prevalence based on comprehensive diagnostic criteria remain limited. This review synthesizes existing scientific literature to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical diagnostic methods of NSBVAs in pre-presbyopic and presbyopic populations, with an in-depth examination of age-related changes in binocular vision function among older adults. By integrating and comparing analyses of the correlations between age and various binocular vision parameters, this review aims to enhance understanding of age-related binocular vision dysfunction and establish a theoretical foundation for developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Ultimately, these insights could contribute to improved visual performance and life satisfaction in elderly individuals.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of inducing macrophage polarization induced by acupoint effect of electroacupuncture to promote the repair of acute skeletal muscle injury.Methods 45 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,electroacupuncture group(EA group),sodium chrominate group (DSCG group) and electroacupuncture+sodium chrominate group (hereinafter referred to as EA+DSCG group),with 9 rats in each group. The rats in the EA group and the EA+DSCG group were subjected to EA intervention at the right "Chengshan" (BL57) and "Yanglingquan"(GB34),with a frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz. The gait changes of rats were recorded by animal gait analyzer. The morphological changes of the right gastrocnemius were observed by HE staining. The changes of mast cell aggregation and degranulation in local skin muscles of "chengshan" point were observed by toluidine blue staining. The expressions of Pax7,MyoD and skin mast cells and 5-HT in the right gastrocnemius were detected by immunofluorescence method. The positive expressions of CD68 and CD206 in right gastrocnemius macrophage was observed by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with blank group,the wiggle time of the right hind leg in model group and DSCG group increased,stride length decreased,HE staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration,myocyte enlargement,degeneration and necrosis. The degranulation rate of local skin mast cells in "Chengshan" (BL57) area increased,and the expressions of mast cell tryptase,5-HT,Pax7,MyoD,CD68 and CD206 increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group,the wiggle time of the right hind leg in EA group and EA+DSCG group decreased,stride length increased,HE staining showed that inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced,muscle cells were uniform in size and arranged neatly. Mast cell degranulation rate increased significantly in EA group,and the expressions of mast cell tryptase,5-HT,Pax7,MyoD and CD206 increased (P<0.05),while CD68 expression decreased (P<0.05). Compared with EA+DSCG group,the degranulation rate of mast cells and the expressions of mast cell tryptase,5-HT,Pax7,MyoD and CD206 increased (P<0.05),while CD68 expression decreased in EA group (P<0.05). Conclusion EA "Chengshan" (BL57) and "Yanglingquan" (GB34) can stimulate acupuncture points to locally induce mast cell degranulation,promote the polarization of macrophages,and then activate muscle satellite cells to play the regulatory process of repairing skeletal muscle injury.

Objective To explore the thoughts and medication rules of the contemporary inheritors of Lingnan LUO's Gynecology in differentiating and treating menopausal syndromes based on data mining technology.Methods The medical records of menopausal syndrome differentiated and treated by the contemporary inheritors of Lingnan LUO's Gynecology in clinic were collected.The Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform(V2.3.5)was used to perform frequency statistics,association rule analysis,cluster analysis and complex network analysis of the data of medical records.Results A total of 191 medical records and 191 prescriptions were finally included,involving 160 kinds of Chinese medicinals.The statistics of four-examination information and syndrome types showed that the pathogenesis of menopausal syndrome was characterized by deficiency of the origin,which resulted in the dysfunction of healthy qi and the disturbance of the pivot,and then multiple viscera were involved;among the syndrome types,liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome was the most common type.There were 26 high-frequency Chinese medicinals with the frequency being or over 40 times,and the top 5 Chinese medicinals were Lilii Bulbus,Codonopsis Radix,Corni Fructus,Paeoniae Radix Alba,and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata.Most of the medicines were sweet in flavor and mild in nature,and had the meridian tropism of the liver,heart,kidney and spleen meridians.A total of 15 pairs of high-confidence drug combinations were obtained after association rule analysis.Cluster analysis of high-frequency Chinese medicinals yielded 5 core drug combinations.The complex network analysis revealed the core prescription which was composed of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,Corni Fructus,Cuscutae Semen,Lilii Bulbus,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,and Margaritifera Concha.The association rule analysis showed that the drug pairs with high frequency of use were Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Corni Fructus,Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.Conclusion For the treatment of menopausal syndrome,the contemporary inheritors of Lingnan LUO's Gynecology take the therapy of nourishing liver and kidney as the key,and also adopt the therapies of nourishing the heart and calming the mind,benefiting qi and invigorating the spleen,and harmonizing the pivot.The medicines prescribed by the inheritors mostly are sweet-light and mild tonics,and their prescription and medication rules are consistent with Professor LUO Yuan-Kai's academic thoughts.

Exploring the pathogenesis of myopia is of positive significance for its prevention and control.In recent years,studies have found that inflammatory factors such as interleukin,tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide are highly expressed in eyes of myopic patients,indicating that myopia is associated with inflammatory factors.The inflammatory fac-tors interact with nuclear factor-Kb,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 and other inflammatory signaling pathways and participate in myopia progression by regulating the retinal proinflammatory state,choroidal blood flow and scleral matrix remodeling.This paper reviews the regulation of in-flammatory factors and related signaling pathways,providing a new perspective for further exploring the causes of myopia and intervening its progression.

Objective:To analyze the current status and hotspots of myopia research in the past 10 years and the future development direction based on the bibliometric method.Methods:Relevant original research and reviews on myopia published from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science core database.Co-occurrence analysis of countries, research organizations, and authors was performed using the VOSviewer software.Cluster analysis of keywords and co-cited references was performed using the CiteSpace software.Results:A total of 9 745 articles were included, involving 123 countries/regions, 7 150 institutions, and 29 343 authors.The analysis revealed that the global publication in myopia has been increasing, with China having the highest publication, and research from the United States being the most cited.Keyword analysis showed that the early hotspots of myopia mainly focused on refractive surgery, diagnosis and treatment of complications, genetics, and epidemiological characteristics, while recent research has rapidly shifted towards myopia prevention and control.The results of the cluster analysis of the co-cited references showed that myopia research contained several clusters, such as #0 school-aged children, #1 small incision lenticule extraction, #2 myopia control, #3 refractive error, #4 contact lenses, etc.The current research frontier focuses on myopia management technology, myopia and retinal and choroidal vessels, and the application of artificial intelligence in myopia.Conclusions:Myopia research in the past 10 years covers a wide range of disciplines, including ophthalmology, molecular biology, genetics, optometry and epidemiology.In the future, there is a need to further explore the etiology and pathogenesis of myopia, enhance early identification and screening methods, improve management techniques for myopia, advance artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis of myopia to develop more effective and safe strategies for myopia prevention and control.

AIM: To assess the repeatability and agreement of higher-order aberration obtained by adaptive optics visual simulator(VAO)compared with OPD-Scan Ⅲ.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2023, including a total of 204 patients(204 eyes)with myopia whose right eyes were measured. The examinations were performed by the same skilled examiner using both devices separately. The VAO device was used to measure higher order aberrations of orders 3 to 6 at a pupil diameter of 4.5 mm, while both the VAO and OPD-Scan Ⅲ devices were utilized to measure total higher-order aberration(tHOA), spherical aberration(SA), coma aberration(Coma), and trefoil aberration(Trefoil)of the entire eye at pupil diameters ranging from 3 to 6 mm. Furthermore, the repeatability of whole eye aberration measurements obtained with the VAO device was evaluated and the agreement of the two devices was assessed.RESULTS: The whole-eye higher-order aberrations measured by VAO demonstrated excellent repeatability(0.767≤ICC≤0.941, Sw<0.01 μm, TRT<0.1 μm). There was no statistically significant difference in Coma measured by VAO or OPD-Scan Ⅲ for pupil diameters ranging from 4 to 6 mm(P>0.05), while a statistically significant difference was observed in whole-eye tHOA of other pupil diameters(all P<0.05). The agreement of aberration measurements for each order between VAO and OPD-Scan Ⅲ for 3 mm pupil diameters, SA at 4 and 5 mm pupil diameter and Coma at 4 mm pupil diameter showed a 95% limit of agreement(LoA)<0.1, indicating good agreement; however, poor agreement was found for the remaining aberration measurements at different pupil diameters, with a 95%LoA>0.1, and there were significant differences in higher-order aberrations measured by two devices under a pupil diameter of 3 mm(r=0.218-0.317, P<0.01), 4 mm(r=0.406-0.672, P<0.01), 5 mm(r=0.538-0.839, P<0.01 and r=0.030-0.109, P>0.01)and 6 mm(r=0.369-0.766, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The VAO demonstrates favorable repeatability when assessing whole-eye higher order aberration under pupil diameters of 3-6 mm. However, there is inadequate agreement and interchangeability in whole-eye higher order aberration at 3-6 mm pupil diameter between VAO and OPD-Scan Ⅲ for clinical purposes.

Objective:To evaluate the optical performance of two aspheric intraocular lenses (IOL) AcrySof IQ SN60WF and Proming A1-UV with identical negative spherical aberration values, using the optical bench OptiSpheric IOL R&D through an in vitro study. Methods:The optical performance of + 20.0 D blue-light filtering SN60WF and monofocal high-order aspheric non blue-light filtering A1-UV IOL was evaluated through cornea models with the spherical aberration of 0 μm (ISO-1) and + 0.28 μm (ISO-2) under apertures of 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm via the optical bench OptiSpheric IOL R&D.The modulation transfer function (MTF) and USAF 1951 resolution test chart were employed to measure the IOL with centering, decentration of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 mm, as well as tilt of 3°, 5°, 7°, 9° and 11°.The spectral transmittance of IOL was measured with the UV-3300 UV-VIS spectrophotometer.Results:Compared with the A1-UV IOL, the spectral transmittance of SN60WF for blue light with wavelengths of 400-500 nm was significantly reduced, which effectively reduced the passage of blue light.At an aperture of 3.0 mm, the MTF values at 100 lp/mm spatial frequency for the centered SN60WF and A1-UV were 0.576 and 0.598 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, 0.564 and 0.563 under ISO-2 conditions.At an aperture of 4.5 mm, the MTF values were 0.238 and 0.404 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, and 0.438 and 0.339 under ISO-2 conditions.The MTF values of A1-UV and SN60WF at 3.0 mm aperture and 100 lp/mm spatial frequency under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions were larger than those under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions.Under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions with a 3.0 mm aperture, A1-UV had a better optical quality compared to SN60WF, whereas under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions, the optical quality of both IOLs was similar.Under the 3.0 mm aperture, the MTF values of SN60WF and A1-UV at a decentration of 0.3 mm and 100 lp/mm spatial frequency were 0.414 and 0.571 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, 0.438 and 0.512 under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions, respectively.The MTF values of SN60WF and A1-UV at a tilt of 3° were 0.522 and 0.597 under ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions, and 0.532 and 0.531 under ISO-2 corneal measurement conditions.The MTF values and USAF resolution test chart of A1-UV had no significant change between the two corneal measurement conditions.When subjected to equal degrees of decentration or tilting, except for the ISO-1 corneal measurement conditions at a 4.5 mm aperture, the MTF values of A1-UV showed a gradual decline across various spatial frequencies compared to SN60WF.With the increase in aperture size, the impact of IOL decentration or tilting on MTF values and USAF 1951 resolution test chart became more notable for A1-UV relative to SN60WF.Conclusions:The SN60WF IOL effectively filters blue light within the wavelength range of 400-500 nm.However, when both IOL experience decentration greater than 0.3 mm or tilting beyond 3°, the optical quality of the IOL will decline.A1-UV has a distinct advantage over SN60WF in terms of resistance to both decentration and tilting-induced optical performance degradation in vitro.